Methacrylonitrile

67.09

67.09

204-817-5

04S4K38612

0652

24145|20659

3079

DTXSID1024176

Colorless liquid.

29269095

23.8

0.68

Methacrylonitrile, stabilized appears as a clear colorless liquid. Less dense than water. Flash point 55°F. Boiling point 195°F. Very be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. Used to make plastics and coatings.

0.8001 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-35.8 °C

90.3 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

54 °F

n 20/D 1.400(lit.)

H2O: 2.57 g/100 mL (20 ºC)

2-8°C

64 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

2.31

Oral-Rat LD50: 120 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 17 mg/kg

Inflammable in case of open flame, high temperature, oxidant; burning produces toxic nitrogen oxides and cyanide fumes

vol% in air: 2.8

Odor-like bitter almonds.

VAP: 40 mm Hg @ 13 °C; 65 mm Hg @ 25 °C; 100 mm Hg @ 33 °C|Saturated concn: 208 g/cu m @ 20 °C, 318 g/cu m @ 30 °C|Heat of polymerization = 64.0 kJ/mol; aqueous azeotrope = 84% water

Highly flammable. Soluble in water.

Nitriles

Highly Flammable

METHACRYLONITRILE is a colorless, flammable, toxic liquid. Explosive in the form of vapor when exposed to heat, flame or sparks. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of nitrile and oxides of nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 829].

Lower flammable limit: 2%; upper flammable limit: 6.8%|Class IB Flammable Liquid: Fl.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.

The vapour is heavier than air and may travel along the ground; distant ignition possible. Vapours are uninhibited and may polymerize, causing blockage of vents.

31.8 kJ/mol @ BP

I

3.1

UN 3079 3/PG 1

1

11-23/24/25-43

9-16-18-29-45

UD1400000

F,T

Storehouse ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and acids; not suitable for long-term storage, anti-polymerization

Mixed with air, can be exploded by heat and open flame

P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501

H225

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste numbers D003, P030, and U152 must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|A potential candidate for liquid injection incineration at a temperature range of 650 to 1,600 °C and a residence time of 0.1 to 2 seconds. A potential candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A potential candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Strong acids, strong oxidizers, alkali, light. [Note: Polymerization may occur due to elevated temperature, visible light, or contact with a concentrated alkali.]

Kaplita PV and Smith RP; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 84 (3): 533-540 (1986). Pathways for the bioactivation of aliphatic nitriles to free cyanide in mice.

Methacrylonitrile evolves flammable concentrations of vapor at temperatures down to 55.04F. Thus, at room temperatures, flammable concentrations are liable to be present. Toxic fumes of nitrogen oxides are released when the material burns. Also, the chemical will explode due to its tendency to polymerize violently. Avoid heat. Hazardous polymerization may occur. (EPA, 1998)|Highly flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Vapour/air mixtures are explosive.|Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P311, P312, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P307+P311, P310, P311, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P333+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 178 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H361: Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child [Warning Reproductive toxicity]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P308+P313, P314, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P260, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Usual precautions for flammable liquid should be applied. (EPA, 1998)|Use alcohol-resistant foam. Use dry powder. Use carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. SPILL: See ERG Table 1 - Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances on the UN/NA 3079 datasheet. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131P [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: Fully encapsulating, vapor-protective clothing should be worn for spills and leaks with no fire. ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. SMALL SPILL: Absorb with earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers for later disposal. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard(i.e. for liquids with flash point Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|SUITABLE RESP PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING & FIRE-FIGHTING EQUIPMENT SHOULD BE AVAILABLE FOR AN EMERGENCY.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|(See protection codes)

METHACRYLONITRILE EVOLVES FLAMMABLE CONCENTRATIONS OF VAPOR AT TEMPERATURES DOWN TO 12.8 °C. THUS, AT ROOM TEMPERATURES, FLAMMABLE ... CONCENTRATIONS ARE LIABLE TO BE PRESENT IN ABSENCE OF PRECAUTIONS. THE NORMAL DANGERS ASSOCIATED WITH FIRE ... ARE INTENSIFIED BY THE LETHAL NATURE OF THE FUMES & VAPORS EVOLVED.|A dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or sparks.

THE DOMINANT HAZARD IS ... EXPLOSION DUE ... TO ... TENDENCY TO POLYMERIZE VIOLENTLY.|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 2-6.8

The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|Work clothing that becomes wet should be immediately removed due to its flammability hazard.|... IT SHOULD BE NOTED THAT METHACRYLONITRILE CANNOT BE DETECTED BY ITS SMELL EVEN AT CONCENTRATIONS WHICH ARE ALREADY DANGEROUS FOR HUMANS. HENCE SPECIAL ATTENTION MUST BE GIVEN TO VENTILATION & ESTIMATIONS OF THE AMT OF POISON PRESENT MUST BE CARRIED OUT FREQUENTLY.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for METHYLACRYLONITRILE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If ... THERE IS NO FIRE, go directly to the Table of Initial Isolation and Protective Action Distances /(see table below)/ ... to obtain initial isolation and protective action distances. IF THERE IS A FIRE, or IF A FIRE IS INVOLVED, go directly to the appropriate guide /(see guide(s) below)/ and use the evacuation information shown under PUBLIC SAFETY. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/|/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Health: TOXIC; may be fatal if inhaled, ingested or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with some of these materials will irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/|/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low or confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion and poison hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with a "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/|/GUIDE 131P: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS-TOXIC/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Methacrylonitrile, inhibited; Methacrylonitrile, stabilized/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for METHYLACRYLONITRILE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

LACRIMATOR|An eye irritant.|It is only mildly irritating to the eyes and skin.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (3 mg/cu m).

Remove all ignition sources. Evacuate danger area! Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Collect leaking liquid in sealable containers. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Store only if stabilized. Fireproof. Cool. Keep in the dark. Separated from food and feedstuffs.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached very quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The vapour is irritating to the eyes and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the cellular respiration. This may result in convulsions and unconsciousness. Exposure could cause death.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, ventilation, explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting.

STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

| 2 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause temporary incapacitation or residual injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 2 - Materials that readily undergo violent chemical changes at elevated temperatures and pressures.|W - No water: Materials that react violently or explosively with water.| 4 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can be lethal.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of methylacrylonitrile stem from its toxicologic properties and flammability. Toxic by all routes (ie, inhalation, ingestion, and dermal absorption), exposure to this bitter-almond-smelling, colorless liquid may occur from its use as a copolymer with styrene and butadiene; as an intermediate in the preparation of acids, amides, amines, esters, and nitriles; and in elastomers, coatings, and plastics. Effects from exposure may include contact burns to the skin and eyes, nausea, headache, tachycardia, CNS depression, convulsions, asphyxiation, coma, and death. OSHA has established a time-weighted average (TWA) limit of 1 ppm, with an indication that skin contact is to be avoided. In activities and situations where over-exposure may occur, wear a positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus, and chemical protective clothing which is specifically recommended by the shipper or manufacturer. If contact should occur, immediately flush exposed eyes and skin with running water for at least 15 minutes. Contaminated clothing and shoes should be removed and left at the site. Methylacrylonitrile is extremely flammable (flash point: 13 °C, open cup), capable of ignition by heat, sparks, or flames. Its heavier-than-air vapor may travel to a source of ignition and flash back, or accumulate to explosive concentrations in confined spaces such as sewers. Because of its tendency to polymerize violently, containers of methylacrylonitrile may explode in the heat of a fire. For fires involving this substance, extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, water spray, fog, or alcohol-resistant foam. If a tank, rail car, or tank truck is involved in the fire, isolate for 1/2 mile in all directions. Dike fire control waterfor later disposal and do not scatter the material. Take up small spills of methylacrylonitrile with sand or other noncombustible absorbent and place into containers for later disposal. Dike far ahead of large spills for later disposal. Methylacrylonitrile is a potential candidate for liquid injection, rotary kiln, or fluidized bed forms of incineration.

U152; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).|Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Methylacrylonitrile is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 500 lbs.

U152; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when methylacrylonitrile, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

Trace amounts of methylacrylonitrile (concn or detection limit not reported) were detected in an aqueous process effluent from a coal gasification facility in Gillette, WY(1).

most toxic

Antidotes for acute toxicity of methacrylonitrile were studied in rats. Male Wistar rats were exposed for 30 minutes to methacrylonitrile at lethal concentrations from 3180 to 5700 ppm. Animals were removed to plain air. Some exposed to 3180 or 3210 ppm were injected with unusual cyanide antidotes 4-dimethylaminophenol at 10 mg/kg plus 500 mg/kg sodium thiosulfate. Some exposed to 3500 to 5700 ppm were given N-acetyl-cysteine at 200 mg/kg, an acrylonitrile antidote. Clinical effects observed in animals not given the antidotes were compared with those of comparable doses of acrylonitrile. Animals intoxicated with acrylonitrile showed marked salivation, flow of tears, diarrhea, and convulsions with death occurring in 3 to 4 hours. Animal intoxicated with methacrylonitrile showed rapid unconsciousness with convulsions and lethality by 1 hr, suggesting metabolically formed cyanide. While all animals not given antidotes died, those given the cyanide antidotes all survived. N-acetyl-cysteine caused surival of all animals through exposure to 4340 ppm. At higher doses some deaths occurred but the majority survived. ... Acute toxicity of methacrylonitrile is predominantly caused by metabolically formed cyanide. N-acetyl-cysteine, which reacts directly with alpha, beta unsaturated nitrites, is an effective antidote, as it is against acrylonitrile.|WHEN SODIUM THIOSULFATE WAS GIVEN IN MULTIPLE INJECTIONS, IT PROTECTED MICE AGAINST DEATH BY PROPIONITRILE.|The toxic mechanism of nitriles (including propionitrile) and the effect of metabolic modifiers in mice were studied in relation to their physicochemical properties. All the test nitriles liberated cyanide both in vivo and in vitro, with the exception of benzonitrile, although the extent of liberation and the effect of carbon tetrachloride pretreatment on the mortality of animals differed among nitriles. From these results, test compounds were tentatively divided into 3 groups. In group 1, acute toxicity was greatly reduced by carbon tetrachloride pretreatment, in group 2, toxicity was not significantly changed or was somewhat enhanced, and in group 3, benzonitrile only, toxicity was clearly enhanced. The amount of cyanide was higher at death in the brains of mice given group 1 compounds, the level being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide. The relation between log (1/LD50) and log p for the compounds in group 1 fitted a parabolic plot, while that for compounds in group 2 was linear. For most nitriles, the in vitro metabolism was inhibited when the incubation mixture contained either SKF-525A, carbon monoxide, or microsomes from mice treated with carbon tetrachloride. When mice were closed with ethyl alcohol, metabolic enhancement of nitriles was seen compared with the control. However, ethyl alcohol, when added to the incubation mixture, inhibited the in vitro metabolism of nitriles.

LD50 Rat oral 25-50 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal 0.32-0.35 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse oral 20 to 25 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 328 ppm/4 hr|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for METHYLACRYLONITRILE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The potential reproductive toxicity of methacrylonitrile in Sprague-Dawley rats was evaluated using the Reproductive Assessment by Continuous Breeding (RACB) protocol. Based on decreased body weights & feed consumption, increased water consumption, & mortality noted during Task 1, dose levels for the continuous breeding phase for this study were set at 2, 7, & 20 mg/kg in deionized water by oral gavage. Exposure to methacrylonitrile by gavage (20 rats/sex/group) did not affect the reproductive performance of F0 rats (Task 2) or F1 rats (Task 4) where only the controls & high-dose groups were evaluated. In Task 4, estrous cyclicity of the F1 animals was not affected by methacrylonitrile admin. Slight but consistent decr (3-6%) were noted in the 20 mg/kg F0 male body weights, although none of these reached statistical significance. F0 female body weights were unchanged. Body weights of the F1 20 mg/kg males & females were consistently less (6-10%) than controls & were occasionally statistically significant. Daily mean feed consumption was decreased by 8-11% in the 20 mg/kg F1 males; F0 male & female & F1 female feed consumption values were unchanged. No treatment-related changes were noted in hematology or clinical chemistry parameters for either the F0 or F1 animals. At necropsy, no differences were noted in F0 or F1 animals absolute organ weights; however, relative liver weight was increased in the 20 mg/kg males & females from both generations by /about/ 12% when compared to controls. No treatment-related gross or microscopic lesions were observed in either the F0 or F1 animals. The % normal sperm was decreased slightly (by /about/ 1%) in the 2 & 20 mg/kg F0 males while no differences were seen in F0 epididymal sperm density. In the F1 generation, epididymal sperm density was decreased by 19% at 20 mg/kg but epididymal sperm morphology was unchanged. F0 & F1 sperm motion parameters & testicular spermatid head counts were unchanged. Results of this study show that methacrylonitrile is not a selective reproductive toxicant, because the decr in epididymal sperm density occurred concomitant with those doses that reduced body weight. The no-observable-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) in this study was 7 mg/kg. The /about/ 1% change in epididymal sperm abnormalities at 2 & 20 mg/kg is believed to be "noise" & not a treatment-related response because the historical control range of % abnormal sperm is 0.1-1.4% in this lab. A max tolerated dose (MTD) was reached in this study based on the decr in F0 & F1 body weight & incr in relative liver weights. Methacrylonitrile may be a slight developmental toxicant in males at 20 mg/kg based on the decreased epididymal sperm density in the F1 males.

Methylacrylonitrile's production and use in polymers and coatings(1,2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 56(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.68(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methylacrylonitrile is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of methylacrylonitrile from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.47X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 71.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.54X10+4 mg/l(5). The potential for volatilization of methylacrylonitrile from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4). Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to ammonia and carboxylic acids(6). A bacterium isolated from soil (Pseudomonas putida) was able to utilize methylacrylonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen(7); therefore, biodegradation may be an important fate process for this compound(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 56(SRC), determined from a measured log Kow of 0.68(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that methylacrylonitrile is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.47X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 71.2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.54X10+4 mg/l(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hours and 4 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Microorganisms hydrolyze nitriles predominately to ammonia and carboxylic acids(8). A bacterium isolated from soil (Pseudomonas putida) was able to utilize methylacrylonitrile as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen(9); therefore, biodegradation may be an important fate process for this compound(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), methylacrylonitrile, which has a vapor pressure of 71.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere(SRC). Vapor-phase methylacrylonitrile is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 46 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.36X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methylacrylonitrile with ozone is 3.52X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec (temperature unspecified)(4). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 33 days(SRC) at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(5).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methylacrylonitrile with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.36X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 46 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of methylacrylonitrile with ozone is 3.52X10-19 cu cm/molecule-sec (temperature unspecified)(2). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 33 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(3). Methylacrylonitrile is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment based on the negligible hydrolysis of acrylonitrile between pH 4 and 10(4) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for methylacrylonitrile(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.68(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of methylacrylonitrile is estimated as 56(SRC), using a measured log Kow of 0.68(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that methylacrylonitrile is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for methylacrylonitrile is estimated as 2.47X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 71.2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2.54X10+4 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that methylacrylonitrile is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 3 hours (SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). Methylacrylonitrile's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of methylacrylonitrile from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 71.2 mm Hg(1).

SURFACE WATERS: Methylacrylonitrile was qualitatively detected in only 1 surface water sample collected from 204 sites near heavily industrialized areas across the US(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 213 workers are potentially exposed to methylacrylonitrile in the US(1). Occupational exposure to methylacrylonitrile may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where methylacrylonitrile is produced or used(SRC).

... READILY ABSORBED THROUGH SKIN.|FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF A SINGLE DOSE OF 50 MG/KG IP TO RATS, METHACRYLONITRILE WAS SLOWLY ELIMINATED IN THE URINE AND WAS NO LONGER DETECTABLE AFTER 4-5 DAYS. FREE HYDROGEN CYANIDE WAS DETECTABLE ONLY ON THE FIRST DAY IN THE URINE & BOUND HYDROGEN CYANIDE ONLY THE FIRST 2 DAYS AFTER TREATMENT. DISTRIBUTION IN THE ORGANS OF UNCHANGED METHACRYLONITRILE & HYDROGEN CYANIDE WAS STUDIED.

FOLLOWING ADMINISTRATION OF A SINGLE DOSE OF 50 MG/KG IP TO RATS, METHACRYLONITRILE WAS SLOWLY ELIMINATED IN THE URINE AND WAS NO LONGER DETECTABLE AFTER 4-5 DAYS. FREE HYDROGEN CYANIDE WAS DETECTABLE ONLY ON THE FIRST DAY IN THE URINE & BOUND HYDROGEN CYANIDE ONLY THE FIRST 2 DAYS AFTER TREATMENT. DISTRIBUTION IN THE ORGANS OF UNCHANGED METHACRYLONITRILE & HYDROGEN CYANIDE WAS STUDIED.

Product may be stabilized with 50 ppm the monoethyl ether of hydroquinone.

A lacrimator (causes tearing); an insidious poison which causes delayed skin reactions. Very readily absorbed through skin. Highly toxic. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Effects, including skin reactions, may be delayed. Caution is advised. Vital signs should be monitored closely. Heart palpitation may begin within minutes after exposure. Note: Methylacrylonitrile is very readily absorbed through the skin. Signs and Symptoms of Acute Methylacrylonitrile Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to methylacrylonitrile may include hypertension (high blood pressure) and tachycardia (rapid heart rate), followed by hypotension (low blood pressure) and bradycardia (slow heart rate). Cherry-red mucous membranes and blood, cardiac arrhythmias, and other cardiac abnormalities are common. Cyanosis (blue tint to the skin and mucous membranes) is not a consistent finding. Tachypnea (rapid respiratory rate) may be followed by respiratory depression. Lung hemorrhage and pulmonary edema may also occur. Headache, vertigo (dizziness), agitation, and giddiness may be followed by combative behavior, convulsions, paralysis, protruding eyeballs, dilated and unreactive pupils, and coma. Methylacrylonitrile is irritating to the skin and mucous membranes. Lacrimation (tearing) and a burning sensation of the mouth and throat are common. Excessive salivation, nausea, and vomiting may also occur. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to methylacrylonitrile may require decontamination and life support for the victims. All exposed persons should be transported to a health care facility as quickly as possible. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to methylacrylonitrile. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with methylacrylonitrile- contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self- poisoning. 3. RUSH to a health care facility! 4. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self- exposure to methylacrylonitrile. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with methylacrylonitrile- contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self- poisoning. 3. RUSH to a health care facility! 4. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 5. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 6. Wash exposed skin areas twice with soap and water. 7. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. IMMEDIATELY begin administering 100% oxygen to all victims. Monitor victims for respiratory distress.Warning: To prevent self-poisoning, avoid mouth-to-mouth breathing; use a forced-oxygen mask. Direct oral contact with methylacrylonitrile- contaminated persons or their gastric contents may result in self- poisoning. 2. RUSH to a health care facility! 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. DO NOT induce vomiting or attempt to neutralize! 5. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 6. Give the victims water or milk: children up to 1 year old, 125 mL (4 oz or 1/2 cup); children 1 to 12 years old, 200 mL (6 oz or 3/4 cup); adults, 250 mL (8 oz or 1 cup). Water or milk should be given only if victims are conscious and alert. (EPA, 1998)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Severe acute inhalations should be treated like cyanide poisoning. The first priority is to establish adequate ventilation (100% oxygen) and circulation, since cyanide antidotes are theoretically useful but clinically unproven in acrylonitrile poisoning. /Acrylonitrile/|Contaminated clothing should be removed and placed in a sealed container. Attendents should use plastic gloves and should discard them after use since acrylonitrile may penetrate rubber, gloves, and leather. The usual decontamination measures (... lavage, charcoal) may be effective within the first 1 to 2 hours postingestion, but should not delay the use of nitrites and thiosulfate in significantly symptomatic patients. /Acrylonitrile/|Sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate have been recommended as antidotes, although their efficacy in human toxicity is unproven. Most exposures will not require an antidote, but the Lilly cyanide kit theoretically may be useful in severe exposures. /Acrylonitrile/|Symptomatic management especially of respiration is the mainstay of treatment. Moderately to severely exposed patients should have an evaluation of liver function. /Acrylonitrile/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for METHYLACRYLONITRILE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LACRIMATOR, INSIDIOUS POISON, DELAYED SKIN REACTION.|TOXIC BY INGESTION, INHALATION, & SKIN ABSORPTION.

methacrylonitrile

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its vapour, through the skin and by ingestion.|inhalation, skin absorption, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin; lacrimation (discharge of tears); In Animals: convulsions, loss of motor control in hind limbs

Headache. Confusion. Weakness. Shortness of breath. Convulsions. Unconsciousness.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, central nervous system

2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-: ACTIVE|2-Propenenitrile, 2-methyl-, homopolymer: ACTIVE|XU - indicates a substance exempt from reporting under the Chemical Data Reporting Rule, (40 CFR 711).

OSW Method 8240B-S,W. Determination of Volatile Organics Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). Detection limit = 100 ug/l.|EPA Method 1624-S. Volatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GC/MS. Detection limit unspecified.|OSW Method 8260A. Determination of Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS): Capillary Column Technique. Detection limit unspecified.|OSW Method 8260B. Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS): Capillary Column Technique. Detection limit unspecified. Detection limit unspecified.

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree, Reactive - 2nd degree