Silver cyanide (Ag(CN))

133.886

132.908173

208-048-6

1684

DTXSID9024306

White or grayish powder|White gray hexagonal cyrstals

2843290010

23.79000

0.01678

Silver cyanide appears as a white to gray odorless tasteless powder that darkens on exposure to light. Insoluble in water. Toxic by skin absorption through open wounds, ingestion and inhalation of dust. Toxic oxides of nitrogen are produced in fires.

3.95

320 °C (decomp)

25.7ºC at 760 mmHg

1.685

insoluble

... SHOULD BE STORED IN COOL, WELL-VENTILATED PLACE, OUT OF DIRECT RAYS OF SUN, AWAY FROM ... FIRE HAZARD, & SHOULD BE PERIODICALLY INSPECTED & MONITORED. INCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS SHOULD BE ISOLATED ... /CYANIDES & COPPER CMPD/

Odorless

Tasteless

Ksp= 1.6x10-14 at 25 °C

A LONG-CHAIN COORDINATION COMPOUND MADE UP OF ALTERNATING SILVER & CYANIDE IONS|Decomp at 320 °C; darkens on exposure to light

Insoluble in water. Decomposes slowly when moist, giving off hydrogen cyanide, which is toxic by inhalation.

Cyanides, Inorganic

SILVER CYANIDE is very rapidly decomposed by acids giving off hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poison gas. Soluble in aqueous ammonia, dilute boiling nitric acid, aqueous potassium cyanide solution and aqueous sodium thiosulfate solutions. Subject to explosive instability or violent oxidation under certain conditions. Fusion with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates, or nitrites can cause a violent explosion [Bretherick 1979 p. 101]. Fluorine and silver cyanide react with explosive violence at ordinary temperatures [Mellor 2 Supp. 1:63 1956].

Corrosive to aluminum.

II

6.1

UN 1684

3

R26/27/28;R32;R50/53

S28-S29-S45-S60-S61-S7

VW3850000

T+:Verytoxic;N:Dangerous for the environment;

May decompose in light. Incompatible with strong acids, ammonia, hydrogen peroxide. Forms an explosive mixture with fluorine.

Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P280-P302 + P352 + P310-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338 + P310

H300 + H310 + H330-H318-H410

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P104; D001; D003, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Poor candidate for incineration.|Cyanide salts should not be flushed into any drain which may contain or subsequently receive acid waste. ... Cyanide process waste solutions and flushings from spills should be passed through a cyanide waste disposal system. /Cyanide salts/

CONVERTED BY DIL HCL INTO HYDROCYANIC ACID & SILVER CHLORIDE|FLUORINE & SILVER CYANIDE REACT WITH EXPLOSIVE VIOLENCE AT ORDINARY TEMPERATURES.|Hydrogen cyanide and mercury (II) cyanide: The cyanide is a friction- and impact-sensitive explosive and may initiate detonation of liquid hydrogen cyanide. Other metal cyanides are similar. /Metal cyanides/|Violent explosion occurs if cyanide salt is melted with nitrite salt. The melt explodes if cyanide plus chlorate or nitrite is heated to 450 °C. /Cyanides/|For more Hazardous Reactivities and Incompatibilities (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanides (1980) EPA 440/5-80-037|Nat'l Research Council Canada; Effects of Cyanides on Aquatic Organisms with Emphasis Upon Fresh Water Fishes (1982) NRCC No.19246|DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological Profile for Cyanide (Draft) (1/88)|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Cyanide (1984) EPA 440/5-84-028|NIOSH; Criteria Document: Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts (1976) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 77-108

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. (ERG, 2016)

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P305+P351+P338, P310, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Cover with plastic sheet to prevent spreading. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible. (ERG, 2016)|Chemical safety goggles shall be worn by employees engaged in any operation wherein there is danger or likelihood that dusts or solutions of cyanide salts will come into contact with the eye. Full-length face shields with forehead protection shall be worn by employees engaged in any operation wherein there is danger or likelihood that dusts, molten salts, or solutions of cyanide salts may contact the face. /Cyanide salts/|Respirator Selection: Less than or equal to 25 mg/cu m: (1) Filter type respirators, approved for toxic dust, with half-mask (not applicable for calcium cyanide). (2) Chemical cartridge respirators with replaceable cartridge for toxic dusts and acid gases; With half-mask. Maximum service life 4 hr. Less than or equal to 50 mg/cu m: (1) Full-face gas mask, chest or back mounted type /SRP: rebreather or oxygen generating/, with industrial size canister for toxic dust and hydrocyanic acid gas. Maximum service life 2 hr. (2) Type C supplied air-respirator, continuous-flow or pressure-demand type (positive pressure) with full facepiece. (3) Type A supplied-air respirator, (hose mask with blower) with full facepiece. Greater than 50 mg/cu m: (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with positive pressure in full facepiece. (2) Combination supplied-air respirator pressure-demand type with auxiliary self-contained air supply. Emergency (no concentration limit): (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus with positive pressure in facepiece. (2) Combination supplied-air respirator, pressure-demand type, with auxiliary self-contained air supply. Evacuation or Escape (no concentration limit): (1) Self-contained breathing apparatus in demand or pressure-demand mode (negative or positive pressure). (2) Full-face gas mask, front or back mount type with industrial size canister for toxic dust and hydrocyanic acid gas. /Cyanide salts/|WHERE SKIN CAN BE EXPOSED ... PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, INCLUDING IMPERVIOUS HAND PROTECTION, SHOULD BE PROVIDED. /CYANIDES/|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Silver (metal dust and soluble compounds, as Ag)/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers must not be used where cyanide salts are present. /Cyanide salts/

WASTE CYANIDE SALTS FROM CASE HARDENING OF STEEL ARE DESTROYED BY REACTING THE SALTS AT 650-700 °C WITH WASTE FERRIC HYDROXIDE SLUDGES FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. /CYANIDE SALTS/|Spills of cyanide salts should be immediately and carefully cleaned up by shoveling the material into a proper container. Care must be exercised to minimize any dispersal of cyanide dust into the air. /Cyanide salts/|REMOVAL OF COPPER, NICKEL, ZINC, CADMIUM AND CYANIDE FROM PLATING WASTEWATER BY ELECTROFLOTATION IS DISCUSSED. /CYANIDES/|If powdered silver metal or sol silver cmpd are spilled or leaked, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill or leak. 2. Collect spilled material in most convenient & safe manner & deposit in sealed containers for reclamation. Liquid containing silver metal or sol silver cmpd should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. /Silver metal & sol silver cmpd/

If material not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do not use water on material itself.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water, or soap and water. ... If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate chemical protective equipment.|PERSONS WHO WORK WITH & AROUND CYANIDE PREPN SHOULD BE GIVEN SPECIFIC DETAILED INSTRUCTIONS ON MANAGEMENT OF CYANIDE POISONING. /CYANIDES/|If the clothing is to be laundered or otherwise cleaned to remove the cyanide, the person performing the operation should be informed of cyanide's hazardous properties. /Cyanides/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Health: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas.|/GUIDE 151: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC (Non-combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

A skin and severe eye irritant.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.01 mg/cu m. /Silver, metal and soluble compounds, as Ag/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. Skin Designation. /Cyanides, as CN/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.01 mg/cu m). /Silver (metal dust and soluble compounds, as Ag)/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 4.7 ppm (5 mg/cu m). Skin. /Hydrogen cyanide/

P104; An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.|D011; A waste containing silver (such as silver cyanide) may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicant Extraction Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.|D003; /SRP:/ A waste containing silver cyanide may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for the reactivity characteristics as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1 lb or 0.454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

D011; A solid waste containing silver (such as silver cyanide) may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Silver/|P104; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when silver cyanide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).|/SRP:/ D003; A solid waste containing silver cyanide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.

LD50 Rat oral 123 mg/kg

WORKERS WITH CHRONIC DISEASES OF KIDNEYS, RESPIRATORY TRACT, SKIN OR THYROID ARE @ GREATER RISK OF DEVELOPING TOXIC CYANIDE EFFECTS THAN ARE HEALTHY WORKERS. /CYANIDES/

... Insoluble cyanide compounds are expected to ... possibly bioaccumulate inaquatic organisms ...

... Insoluble cyanide compounds are expected to adsorb to sediment ...

... by ingestion or inhalation.|DERMATITIS ... IN WORKERS CHRONICALLY EXPOSED TO CYANIDE SOLN. ELECTROPLATERS SUFFER FROM SUCH IRRITATION. /CYANIDE SOLN/|... SYMPTOMS OF CHRONIC DISEASE ... REPORTED IN ELECTROPLATERS & SILVER POLISHERS AFTER SEVERAL YEARS OF EXPOSURE. /CYANIDES/

THE CYANIDE ION IS READILY ABSORBED AFTER ORAL OR PARENTERAL ADMIN. PROLONGED LOCAL CONTACT WITH CYANIDE SOLN ... MAY RESULT IN ABSORPTION OF TOXIC AMT THROUGH SKIN. PART OF ABSORBED CYANIDE IS EXCRETED UNCHANGED BY LUNG. LARGER PORTION ... IS CONVERTED BY ... SULFURTRANSFERASE TO ... RELATIVELY NONTOXIC THIOCYANATE ION. /CYANIDE ION/|Cyanide is distributed to all organs and tissues via the blood, where its concn in red cells is greater than that in plasma by a factor of two or three. Presumably, the accumulation of cyanide in erythrocytes is a reflection of its binding to methemoglobin. /Cyanide/|All forms of silver are extremely cumulative once they enter body tissues, and very little is excreted. /Silver & cmpd/|CYANIDES ARE RAPIDLY ABSORBED FROM SKIN & ALL MUCOSAL SURFACES & ARE MOST DANGEROUS WHEN INHALED, BECAUSE TOXIC AMT ARE ABSORBED THROUGH BRONCHIAL MUCOSA & ALVEOLI. /CYANIDES/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... CYANIDE ION IS CONJUGATED WITH SULFUR TO FORM THIOCYANATE. ... CONJUGATION IS CATALYZED BY ... RHODANESE WHICH IS WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN MOST ANIMAL TISSUES ... /LIVER/ PARTICULARLY ACTIVE. ... RHODANESE MECHANISM IS CAPABLE OF DETOXICATING ONLY LIMITED AMT OF CYANIDE, SUCH AS ARE FORMED DURING NORMAL METAB. /ANOTHER SULFUR DONOR IS 3-MERCAPTOPYRUVATE. THE ENZYME, MERCAPTOSULFUR TRANSFERASE IS LOCALIZED IN CYTOSOL./ THIOCYANATE CONJUGATION IS TRUE DETOXICATION REACTION WHICH IS ACCOMPANIED BY 200 FOLD REDUCTION OF TOXICITY. /CYANIDE/|/ONE OF/ THE MAJOR MECHANISM/S/ FOR REMOVING CYANIDE FROM THE BODY IS ITS ENZYMATIC CONVERSION, BY THE MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME RHODANESE (TRANSSULFURASE), TO THIOCYANATE, WHICH IS RELATIVELY ... /LESS TOXIC/. /CYANIDE/|Aliphatic nitriles have been postulated to manifest their toxicity through cyanide (CN) liberation. The signs of toxicity and effect of equitoxic LD50 doses of saturated and unsaturated aliphatic mono- and dinitriles on tissue and blood CN levels, tissue glutathione levels and cytochrome c oxidase activities were studied in rats. Signs of toxicity were classified into cholinomimetic effects observed with unsaturated nitriles and CNS effects observed with saturated potassium cyanide. Hepatic and blood CN levels 1 hr after treatment were highest following malononitrile and decreased in the order of propionitrile > potassium cyanide > butyronitrile > acrylonitrile > allylcyanide > fumaronitrile > acetonitrile. The order differed in brain where potassium cyanide preceded malononitrile and PCN. Hepatic and cytochrome c oxidase were significantly inhibited and corresponded to their CN levels. No significant inhibition of cytochrome c oxidase was observed in vitro. Acrylonitrile was the only nitrile which significantly reduced tissue GSH levels. Toxic expression of aliphatic nitriles depended on CN release and their degree of unsaturation. With unsaturated aliphatic nitriles CN release played a minimal role in their toxicity. /Cyanides/|Acute toxicity and metabolism of 7 dinitriles in mice was studied in relation to the chemical structures. The oral LD50 for each nitrile was detected under different conditions for mice pretreated with either carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) or olive oil. All test nitriles were metabolized into cyanide in vivo and in vitro. The cyanide level was variable among the compounds (0.35-0.74 ug cyanide/g brain) at death in the brains of mice, the level from malononitrile and adiponitrile being comparable to that found in mice killed by dosing with potassium cyanide. After receiving each nitrile, the mean survival time of mice pretreated with CCl4 was prolonged and their brain cyanide level decreased when compared with the corresponding control. With malononitrile, the former did not significantly change and the latter decreased slightly. Brain cyanide levels of control mice at death showed a peak at the lower log P region, whereas those of CCl4 pretreated animals remained lower independently of log P, with the exception of malononitrile. Microsomal metabolism of nitriles to cyanide was greatly inhibited when microsomes were prepared from livers of mice pretreated with CCl4. The relationship between log (1/LD50-CCl4), LD50 in mice pretreated with CCl4, and log P fits a parabolic plot. /Cyanides/

Half-life for the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate from a non-lethal dose in man is between 20 min and 1 hr. /Cyanide/

CYANIDE HAS A VERY HIGH AFFINITY FOR IRON IN THE FERRIC STATE. WHEN ABSORBED /CYANIDE/ ... REACTS READILY WITH TRIVALENT IRON OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN MITOCHONDRIA; CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS THUS INHIBITED & CYTOTOXIC HYPOXIA RESULTS. SINCE UTILIZATION OF OXYGEN IS BLOCKED, VENOUS BLOOD IS OXYGENATED AND IS ALMOST AS BRIGHT RED AS ARTERIAL BLOOD. RESPIRATION IS STIMULATED BECAUSE CHEMORECEPTIVE CELLS RESPOND AS THEY DO TO DECREASED OXYGEN. A TRANSIENT STAGE OF CNS STIMULATION WITH HYPERPNEA AND HEADACHE IS OBSERVED; FINALLY THERE ARE HYPOXIC CONVULSIONS AND DEATH DUE TO RESPIRATORY ARREST. /CYANIDE/|SINGLE DOSES OF CYANIDE PRODUCE ALTERATIONS IN PATTERN OF BRAIN METABOLITES CONSISTENT WITH DECR IN OXIDATIVE METABOLISM & INCR IN GLYCOLYSIS. DECR IN BRAIN GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID ... HAVE BEEN ASCRIBED TO CYANIDE INHIBITION OF GLUTAMIC ACID DECARBOXYLASE. /CYANIDE/|THE CORTICAL GRAY MATTER, HIPPOCAMPUS (H1), CORPORA STRIATA, & SUBSTANTIA NIGRA ARE COMMONLY AFFECTED /BY CYANIDE/. ... CYANIDE ALSO HAS PROPENSITY FOR DAMAGING WHITE MATTER, PARTICULARLY CORPUS CALLOSUM. CYANIDE INHIBITS CYTOCHROME OXIDASE & PRODUCES CYTOTOXIC ANOXIA, BUT ALSO CAUSES HYPOTENSION THROUGH ITS EFFECTS ON HEART. /CYANIDE/|The cyanide forms complexes with a number of other chemicals (eg, in tissues) and has a strong affinity for cobalt. /Cyanide ion/|/CYANIDE/ ... REACTS ... WITH TRIVALENT IRON OF CYTOCHROME OXIDASE IN MITOCHONDRIA TO FORM THE CYTOCHROME OXIDASE-CN COMPLEX ... THE CYTOCHROME-OXIDASE-CN COMPLEX IS DISSOCIABLE; THE MITOCHONDRIAL ENZYME SULFURTRANSFERASE ... MEDIATES TRANSFER OF SULFUR FROM THIOSULFATE TO CYANIDE ION. THUS, THIOCYANATE IS FORMED ... KINETIC STUDIES INDICATE THAT THE CLEAVAGE OF THE THIOSULFATE SULFUR-SULFUR BOND IS THE RATE-LIMITING STEP IN THIS REACTION. RELATIVELY MINOR PATHWAYS INCL COMBINATION WITH CYSTINE TO FORM 2-IMINO-THIAZOLIDINE-4-CARBOXYLIC ACID, OXIDATION TO CARBON DIOXIDE & FORMATE, & FORMATION OF CYANOCOBALAMIN. /CYANIDE/

Excerpt from ERG Guide 151 [Substances - Toxic (Non-combustible)]: Highly toxic, may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through skin. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: CYANIDES ARE EXTREMELY TOXIC AND FAST-ACTING POISONS. Even though the induction of vomiting is not usually recommended outside of a physician's care if the victim is conscious and not convulsing, it may be worth the risk if a cyanide has been ingested. Ipecac syrup or salt water may be used to induce vomiting in such an emergency. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 l/min. Administer amyl nitrite ampules as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Administer cyanide antidote kit as per protocol and physician order ... . Monitor and treat cardiac arrhythmias if necessary ... . Consider vasopressors to treat hypotension without signs of hypovolemia ... . Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cyanide and related compounds/|Although a variety of agents are effective antidotes in the experimental animal (nitrites, dimethylaminophenol, cobalt EDTA, hydroxocobalamin, stroma-free methemoglobin solutions, pyruvate, thiosulfate, sulfur sulfanes, mercaptopyruvate, oxygen) only the three-step Eli-Lilly cyanide kit is approved in the US. /Cyanide/|The use of the combination consisting of 4 g of hydroxoycobalamin and 8 g of sodium thiosulfate as an antidote in cases of cyanide poisoning is reviewed. The antidote, which has been used in France since 1970, has proved to be nontoxic and therefore can be given in cases where the diagnosis of cyanide poisoning is not absolutely certain. On the other hand, the Lilly Cyanide Antidote Kit, which has been approved for use in the USA for the same purpose, has been shown to be toxic and its use requires caution. The antidotal effectiveness of the association of hydroxoycobalamin and sodium thiosulfate has been demonstrated in mice and other animal species poisoned with cyanide. Most animal studies reveal a strong antidotal synergism between the two agents. In France, the efficacy of the antidotal combination has been proved in patients who have ingested as much as 1.5 g of potassium cyanide and have blood cyanide levels on the order of 15 ug/ml. In the USA, the antidotal combination is designated as an orphan drug by the FDA and studies have been started to validate its safety and efficacy before being approved for use in this country. /Cyanide/|/SRP: For patients treated with nitrites:/ Measurement of methemoglobin may be useful for assessing exposure. However, methemoglobin levels may be artificially low if not analyzed within a few hours after drawing the blood. Methemoglobin levels have been found to correlate with clinical symptoms in most cases. /Cyanide/

MOST SPECIFIC PATHOLOGICAL FINDING IN ACUTE CASES /OF CYANIDE POISONING/ IS BRIGHT RED COLOR OF VENOUS BLOOD. THIS IS STRIKING, VISIBLE EVIDENCE OF INABILITY OF TISSUE CELLS TO UTILIZE OXYGEN ... VENOUS BLOOD IS ONLY ABOUT 1 VOL % LOWER IN OXYGEN CONTENT THAN ARTERIAL BLOOD ... /CYANIDES/|WORKERS IN ELECTROPLATING INDUST HAVE SHOWN DERMATITIS TO BE A PROBLEM. ALSO REPORTED WERE ITCHING, SCARLET RASH, PAPULES ... IRRITATION OF NOSE, LEADING TO OBSTRUCTION, BLEEDING, SLOUGHS AND IN SOME CASES PERFORATION OF SEPTUM. /CYANIDES/|... IT IS POSSIBLE FOR CYANIDE TO CAUSE BLINDNESS & TO DAMAGE OPTIC NERVES & RETINA. /CYANIDE/|A STUDY WAS UNDERTAKEN TO ASSESS THE HEALTH STATUS OF WORKERS EXPOSED TO CYANIDE FUMES & AEROSOLS IN A FACTORY. CYANIDE LEVELS WERE MEASURED IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT & IN BLOOD & URINE. SMOKERS HAD HIGHER CONCENTRATIONS THAN NON-SMOKERS. THE HIGHEST LEVELS WERE 0.8 & 0.2 MG/CU M IN BREATHING ZONE & GENERAL WORKROOM ATMOSPHERE, RESPECTIVELY. THE WORKERS COMPLAINED OF TYPICAL CYANIDE POISONING IN SPITE OF THE LOW CONCN. ... /CYANIDES/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (19 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Computer and electronic product manufacturing|Silver cyanide (Ag(CN)): ACTIVE|IN GALVANIC SILVER BATHS, THE SILVER OCCURS AS A COMPLEX ALKALI SILVER CYANIDE, WHICH IS PRECIPITATED WHEN TREATED WITH NITRIC ACID.|The process /for determining the hydrocyanic acid content in medical hydrocyanic acid, in bitter almond, and in spurge juices/ involves precipitation of silver cyanide with silver nitrate and a silver solution containing 0.5 g of metallic silver in 100 cu cm solution.

EPA Method 9010: Total and Amenable Cyanide (Colorimetric, Manual) Method 9010 is used to determine the concentration of inorganic cyanide in an aqueous waste or leachate. The method detects inorganic cyanides that are present as either simple soluble salts or complex radicals. It is used to determine values for both total cyanide and cyanide amenable to chlorination; it is not intended to determine if a waste is hazardous by the characteristic of reactivity. The cyanide, as hydrocyanic acid, is released by refluxing the sample with strong acid and distillation of the hydrogen cyanide into an absorber-scrubber containing sodium hydroxide solution. The cyanide ion in the absorbing solution is then manually determined colorimetrically be converting the cyanide to cyanogen chloride by reaction with chloramine-T at a pH less than 8 without hydrolyzing the cyanate. ... Color is formed on addition of the pyridine-barbituric acid reagent. In a single laboratory, using mixed domestic and industrial waste samples at concentrations of 0.06, 0.13, 0.28, and 0.62 mg CN/l, the standard deviations were + or - 0.005, + or - 0.007, + or - 0.031, and + or - 0.094, respectively. In a single laboratory, using mixed industrial and domestic waste samples at concentrations of 0.28 and 0.62 mg CN/l, recoveries were 85% and 102%, respectively. /Total and Amenable Cyanide/|Seven methods for the analysis of simple cyanides have been investigated including: 1) An ion-exchange procedure; 2) A continuous flow distillation; 3) An EDTA electrode method; 4) The AISI aeration method; 5) An EDTA aeration method; 6) The modified Roberts-Jackson method; and 7) The EPA method for cyanides amenable to chlorination. Of all the seven procedures studied, the modified Roberts-Jackson method is the best. It gives complete recovery for all but one of the simple cyanides without decomposing the complex cyanides. ... It has the unique ability to perform accurately in the presence of both sulfide and thiocyanate. A lower limit of 2 ppb + or - 1 ppb is possible with a precision of + or - 10% above 10 ppb. ... The ligand-exchange procedure appears to be the most advantageous method of analysis of total cyanides. /Total cyanide/|Color reaction: Oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin which reacts with cyanide to form cyanomethemoglobin. This compound has a characteristic red color and a characteristic adsorption spectrum. /Total Cyanide/|NIOSH Criteria Document: Hydrogen Cyanide and Cyanide Salts p. 98 (1976) DHEW Pub. NIOSH 77-108 Colorimetric method: Pyridine-pyrazolone. /Total cyanide/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for SILVER CYANIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A FLUOROMETRIC MICRODIFFUSION METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR DETERMINING CYANIDE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. THIS DETECTION IS BASED ON THE PRODUCTION OF FLUORESCENCE BY THE TREATMENT OF CN WITH P-BENZOQUINONE. /TOTAL CYANIDE/|CYANIDE MAY BE LIBERATED FROM BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS /BLOOD, URINE/ BY ACIDIFICATION. THE EVOLVED CYANIDE IS ABSORBED IN ALKALI AND SODIUM CYANIDE THUS FORMED IS QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINED BY MEASURING THE ABSORBANCE OF CHROMOPHORES FORMED BY INTERACTION OF THE CYANIDE ION WITH SUITABLE REAGENTS ... /ANOTHER/ PROCEDURE PRESENTS A SENISITIVE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CYANIDE IN BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENTS, BASED ON ITS CONVERSION TO CYANOGEN CHLORIDE USING CHLORAMINE-T. /TOTAL CYANIDE/|Analyte: Silver; Matrix: blood or tissue; Procedure: Inductively-coupled argon plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy; Wavelength: 328.3 nm; Range: 10 to 10,000 ug/100 g blood, 2 to 2000 ug/g tissue; Est LOD: 1 ug/100 g blood, 0.2 ug/g tissue; Precision: 0.8; Interferences: spectral, minimized by wavelength selection. /Total Silver/|Analyte: Silver; Matrix: urine; Procedure: Inductively-coupled argon-plasma, atomic emission spectroscopy; Extraction media: polydithiocarbamate resin; Wavelength: 328.3 nm; Range: 0.25-200 ug/sample; Est LOD: 0.1 ug/samp; Precision: 0.12; Interferences: spectral, minimized by wavelength selection /Total Silver/|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION OF CYANIDES IN BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENS BASED UPON ITS CONVERSION TO CYANOGEN CHLORIDE USING CHLORAMINE-T (SODIUM P-TOLUENE SULFONCHLORAMIDE) IS DISCUSSED. /TOTAL CYANIDE/