Barium cyanide (Ba(CN)2)

189.36

189.91100

208-822-3

1565

DTXSID3023895

White crystalline powder

2837199013

47.58000

0.03356

80.0 g/100mL H2O (14°C) [CRC10]; soluble alcohol [HAW93]

Cyanide salts as solids must be stored in sealed or tightly closed containers. No hooks should be used in handling cyanide containers. ... Storage areas must be adequately ventilated to ensure that cyanide concentrations do not exceed the recommended workplace environmental limits. /Cyanide salts/|Barium cyanide must be stored to avoid contact with acids, acid salt (such as potassium bisulfate, calcium biphosphate, and calcium nitrate), carbon dioxide, and strong oxidizers (such as nitrates, chlorates, and chlorine), since violent reactions occur. Store in tightly closed containers in a cool, well-ventilated area.|... Should be stored in cool, well-ventilated place, out of direct rays of sun, away from ... fire hazard, & should be periodically inspected & monitored. Incompatible materials should be isolated. ... /Cyanides & copper cmpd/

Non-combustible substance; emits toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas in case of acid; generates toxic cyanide and barium-containing fumes when heated

Heat of solution: -26.6 BTU/lb = -14.8 cal/g = -6.19X10+5 J/kg (exothermic)|Reactivity with water: Barium will precipitate as sulfate or carbonate. Cyanide will slowly convert to the less toxic cyanate. The cyanide ion is in equilibrium with hydrogen cyanide, a very weak acid|Cyanides in water are corrosive to metals. /Cyanides/|CYANIDE ION HAS STRONG AFFINITY FOR COBALT. /CYANIDE/

Soluble in water. Gradually decomposed by water and rapidly decomposed by acids to give off hydrogen cyanide, a flammable poison gas.

Cyanides, Inorganic

BARIUM CYANIDE is an inorganic cyanide. Members of this class that contain heavy metals tend to explosive instability, most of them are capable of violent oxidation under certain conditions; fusion of metal cyanides with metal chlorates, perchlorates, nitrates, or nitrites can cause violent explosion [Bretherick 1979 p. 101].

Not flammable (USCG, 1999)

-3604 BTU/lb = -1447 cal/g = -60.5X10+5 J/kg

I

6.1(a)

1565

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored separately from alkali, acid and food additives

Stable. Reacts with acids to yield toxic gas.

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number P013, D003, D005, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Barium cyanide is a poor candidate for incineration.|Cyanide salts should not be flushed into any drain which may contain or subsequently receive acid waste. ... Cyanide process waste solutions and flushings from spills should be passed through a cyanide waste disposal system. /Hydrogen cyanide & cyanide salts (sodium, potassium, & calcium)/|... Ion exchange, lime softening and reverse osmosis are effective to remove barium from drinking water. Conventional coagulation/filtration processes are not effective to remove barium from drinking water. /Barium ion/|Package lots. Place in a separate labeled container for recycling or disposal. Small quantities. Wear nitrile rubber gloves, laboratory coat, and eye protection. Avoid breathing dust. Dissolve the barium salt in the minimum volume of water. For each gram of barium salt, add 15 mL of 10% sodium sulfate solution. Let stand for 1 week. Test for completeness of precipitation by adding a few drops of 10% sodium sulfate solution. If required, add more sodium sulfate solution until no further precipitation occurs. Decant supernatant liquid or filter solid. Treat solid as normal refuse. Wash liquid into drain. /Barium salt/

Hydrogen cyanide and mercury(II) cyanide: The cyanide is a friction and impact sensitive explosive and may initiate detonation of liquid hydrogen cyanide. Other metal cyanides are similar. /Metal cyanides/|Fusion of mixtures of metal cyanides with metal chlorates, perchlorates, or nitrates ... causes a violent explosion. /Metal cyanides/|Contact with acids and acid salts causes immediate formation of toxic and flammable hydrogen cyanide gas. ... Cyanide may react with carbon dioxide in ... air to form toxic hydrogen cyanide gas. /Cyanides/

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic cyanides and barium oxides. (USCG, 1999)

|Danger|H300 (100%): Fatal if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P304+P340, P310, P320, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 157 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible / Water-Sensitive)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. Use water spray to reduce vapors or divert vapor cloud drift. Avoid allowing water runoff to contact spilled material. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. SMALL SPILL: Cover with DRY earth, DRY sand or other non-combustible material followed with plastic sheet to minimize spreading or contact with rain. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect material and place it into loosely covered plastic containers for later disposal. (ERG, 2016)

Safety goggles, protective clothing, self-contained breathing apparatus. Equipment should be approved for use around cyanides. (USCG, 1999)|Wear special protective clothing and positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus. /Hydrogen cyanide/|Where skin can be exposed ... protective clothing, including impervious hand protection, should be provided. ... /Cyanides/|SKIN: Butyl rubber gloves. Teflon, Responder, or Tychem Protective clothing. EYES: Safety goggles, face shield, or eye protection in combination with breathing protection. /Hydrogen cyanide/|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. /Hydrogen cyanide liquid or gas/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for Barium cyanide (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Not flammable

If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Do not use water on material itself. If large quantities of combustibles are involved, use water in flooding quantities as spray and fog. Use water spray to knock-down vapors ... Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material.|Barium cyanide does not burn, but contact with acids, acid salts, or carbon dioxide in air may produce highly flammable hydrogen cyanide gas. Extinguish fire using an agent suitable for type of surrounding fire ... If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Notify local health and fire officials and pollution control agencies. From a secure, explosion-proof location, use water spray to cool exposed containers. If cooling streams are ineffective (venting sound increases in volume and pitch, tank discolors or shows any signs of deforming), withdraw immediately to a secure position ... The only respirators recommended for fire fighting are self-contained breathing apparatuses that have full facepieces and are operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode.

Spill Handling: evacuate and restrict persons not wearing protective equipment from area of spill or leak until cleanup is complete. Remove all ignition sources. Collect powdered material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers. Ventilate area of spill or leak after clean-up is complete. It may be necessary to contain and dispose of this chemical as a hazardous waste. If material or contaminated runoff enters waterways, notify downstream users of potentially contaminated waters. Contact your Department of Environmental Protection or your regional office of the federal EPA for specific recommendations ...|Environmental consideration - land spill: Dig a pit, pond, lagoon, or holding area to contain liquid or solid material. /SRP: If time permits, pits, ponds, lagoons, soak holes, or holding areas should be sealed with an impermeable flexible membrane liner./ Cover solids with a plastic sheet to prevent dissolving in rain or fire fighting water.|Environmental consideration - water spill: Add caustic soda. Add calcium hypochlorite. Add sodium sulfate. Adjust pH to neutral. Use mechanical dredges or lifts to remove immobilized masses of pollutants and precipitates.|Waste cyanide salts from case hardening of steel are destroyed by reacting the salts at 650-700 deg with waste ferric hydroxide sludges from various sources. /Cyanide salts/|For more Cleanup Methods (Complete) data for Barium cyanide (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

If material not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. Do not use water on material itself.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors or dusts. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. ... Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|Where possible, enclose operations and use local exhaust ventilation at the site of chemical release. If local exhaust ventilation or enclosure is not used, respirators should be worn. Wear protective gloves and clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact ... Wear splash- (for liquids) or dust-proof chemical goggles and face shield unless full facepiece respiratory protection is worn.|... Attention to ... ventilation is necessary ... because of low permissible exposure level. ... Complete enclosure of process is recommended. /Cyanides/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for Barium cyanide (22 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or contact (skin, eyes) with vapors, dusts or substance may cause severe injury, burns, or death. Reaction with water or moist air will release toxic, corrosive or flammable gases. Reaction with water may generate much heat which will increase the concentration of fumes in the air. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Vapors may accumulate in confined areas (basement, tanks, hopper/tank cars etc.). Substance will react with water (some violently), releasing corrosive and/or toxic gases. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated or contaminated with water.|/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 157: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE/WATER -SENSITIVE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for Barium cyanide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Soluble barium compounds may cause local irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and skin. /Soluble barium cmpd (as barium)/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m). Skin Designation. /Cyanides, as CN/

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

P013; An acute hazardous waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate.|D003; /SRP:/ A waste containing barium cyanide may (or may not) be characterized a hazardous waste following testing for reactivity as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations.|D005; A waste containing barium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Barium/

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.54 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).|Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 1000 lb or 454 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b). /Barium/

P013; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when barium cyanide, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to federal and/or state hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any container or inner liner used to hold this waste or any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5(e)).|/SRP:/ D003; A solid waste containing barium cyanide may become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to testing for reactivity as stipulated in 40 CFR 261.23, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste.|D005; A solid waste containing barium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Barium/

highly toxic

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ First signs of cyanide toxicosis in sensitive birds appeared between 0.5 and 5 min after exposure, and included panting, eye blinking, salivation, and lethargy. In more-resistant species, such as domestic chickens, signs of toxicosis began 10 min after exposure. At higher doses, breathing in all species tested became increasingly deep and labored, followed by gasping and shallow intermittent breathing. Death usually followed in 15-30 min, although birds alive at 60 min frequently recovered. The rapid recovery of some birds exposed to cyanide may be due to the rapid metabolism of cyanide to thiocyanate and its subsequent excretion. Species sensitivity to cyanide was not related to body size but seemed to be associated with diet. Birds that feed predominantly on flesh, such as vultures, kestrels, and owls, were more sensitive to cyanide than were species that feed mainly on plant material--with the possible exception of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)--as judged by acute oral LD50 values. /Cyanide/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Cyanide adversely affects fish reproduction by reducing the number of eggs spawned, and the viability of the eggs by delaying the process of secondary yolk deposition in the ovary. Vitellogenin, a glycolipophosphoprotein present in plasma of fish during the process of yolk formation, is synthesized in liver under stimulation of estrogen and subsequently sequestered in the ovary; it is essential for normal egg development. ... Reproductive impairment in adult bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) has been reported following exposure to 5.2 ug CN/L for 289 days. ... /Cyanide/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Other adverse effects of cyanide on fish include delayed mortality, pathology, impaired swimming ability and relative performance, susceptibility to predation, disrupted respiration, osmoregulatory disturbances, and altered growth patterns. Free cyanide concentrations between 50 and 200 ug/L were fatal to the more-sensitive fish species over time, and concentrations >200 ug/L were rapidly lethal to most species of fish. Cyanide- induced pathology in fish includes subcutaneous hemorrhaging, liver necrosis, and hepatic damage. ... Free cyanide concentrations as low as 10 ug/L can rapidly and irreversibly impair the swimming ability of salmoneds in well-aerated water. ... /Cyanide/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Except for the more sensitive invertebrate species, such as Daphnia pulex and Gammorus pseudolimnaeus, invertebrate species are usually more tolerant of cyanide than are freshwater fish species, which have most acute values clustered between 50 to 200 ug/L. A long-term survival and two life cycle tests with fish gave chronic values of 7.9, 14, and 16 ug/l, respectively, with Gammarus pseudolimnqeus being comparable to fish in sensitivity and isopods being considerably more tolerant. /Free cyanide: Hydrogen cyanide and cyanide ion/|/PLANTS/ Adverse effects of cyanide on aquatic plants are unlikely at concentrations that cause acute effects to most species of freshwater and marine fishes and invertebrates. Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) can survive for at least 72 hr in nutrient solution containing up to 300 mg CN/L and can accumulate up to 6.7 g/kg dry weight (DW) plant material. On this basis, 1 ha of water hyacinths has the potential to absorb 56.8 kg of cyanide in 72 hr, and this property may be useful in reducing the level of CN in untreated wastewater from various electroplating factories, where concentrations generally exceed 200 mg CN/L. Cyanide may also affect plant community structure. Some algae, for example, metabolized CN at water concentrations <1 mg/L, but at concentrations of 1-10 mg/L, algal activity was inhibited, leaving a biota dominated by Actinomycetes--a filamentous bacterium. /Cyanide/

Workers with chronic diseases of kidneys, respiratory tract, skin, or thyroid are at greater risk of developing toxic cyanide effects than are healthy workers. /Cyanides/

The cyanide ion is readily absorbed after oral or parenteral admin. prolonged local contact with cyanide solution ... May result in absorption of toxic amount through skin. Part of absorbed cyanide is excreted unchanged by lung. Larger portion ... is converted by sulfurtransferase ... to relative nontoxic thiocyanate ion. /Cyanide/|In 30 days, 72% of (14)C from IP dose of (14)C-Cyanide to mice was excreted in urine and feces, 25% in expired air, and 3% was retained ... Peak excretion occurred within 10 min in expired air and within 6-24 hr in urine and feces. /Cyanide/|Cyanides are rapidly absorbed from skin and mucosal surfaces and are most dangerious when inhaled because toxic amounts are rapidly absorbed through bronchial mucosa and alveoli. /Cyanide/|Cyanide is distributed to all organs and tissues via the blood, where its concn in red cells is greater than that in plasma by a factor of two or three. /Cyanides/|Inhalation of cyanide salt dusts is dangerous because the cyanide will dissolve on contact with moist mucous membranes and be absorbed into the bloodstream. /Cyanide salts/

Conjugation of cyanide ion and sulfur donor is catalyzed by various sulfur transferases distributed in many animal tissues, liver particularly active. Source of sulfur donor for conjugation is probably thiosulfate.|/One of/ the major mechanisms for removing cyanide from the body is its enzymatic conversion, by the mitochondrial enzyme rhodanese (transsulfurase), to thiocyanate, which is relatively ... /less toxic/. /Cyanide/|/Cyanide/ ... Reacts ... With trivalent iron of cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria to form the cytochrome oxidase-CN complex ... The cytochrome-oxidase-CN complex is dissociable; the mitochondrial enzyme sulfurtransferase ... Mediates transfer of sulfur from thiosulfate to cyanide ion. Thus, thiocyanate is formed ... Kinetic studies indicate that the cleavage of the thiosulfate sulfur-sulfur bond is the rate-limiting step in this reaction. Relatively minor pathways incl combination with cystine to form 2-imino-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, oxidation to carbon dioxide & formate, & formation of cyanocobalamin. /cyanide/|Thiocyanate conjugation is true detoxification reaction which is accompanied by 200-fold reduction of toxicity. /Cyanide/|... Cyanide ion is conjugated with sulfur to form thiocyanate. ... Conjugation is catalyzed by ... Rhodanese which is widely distributed in most animal tissues ... /liver/ particularly active. ... Rhodanese mechanism is capable of detoxicating only limited amt of cyanide, such as are formed during normal metab. /another sulfur donor is 3-mercaptopyruvate. The enzyme, mercaptosulfur transferase is localized in cytosol/. /Cyanide//

Half-life for the conversion of cyanide to thiocyanate from a non-lethal dose in man is between 20 min and 1 hr. /Cyanide/

Cyanide has very high affinity for iron in ferric state. When absorbed /cyanide/ ... Reacts readily with ... iron of cytochrome oxidase in mitochondria; cellular respiration is thus inhibited & cytotoxic hypoxia results. Since utilization of oxygen is blocked, venous blood is oxygenated and is almost as bright red as arterial blood. Respiration is stimulated because chemoreceptive cells respond as they do to decreased oxygen. A transient stage of CNS stimulation with hyperpnea and headache is observed; finally there are hypoxic convulsions and death due to respiratory arrest. /Cyanide/|Single doses of cyanide produce alterations in pattern of brain metabolites consistent with decr in oxidative metabolism and incr in glycolysis. Decr in brain gamma-aminobutyric acid ... Have been ascribed to cyanide inhibition of glutamic acid decarboxylase. /Cyanide/|Corpora striata, hippocampus (H1), cortical gray matter and substantia nigra are commonly affected ... Cyanide also has propensity for damaging white matter, particulary corpus callosum ... /It/ inhibits cytochrome oxidase and produces cytotoxic anoxia, but also causes hypotension through its effects on heart. /Cyanide/|Presumably, the accumulation of cyanide in erythrocytes is a reflection of its binding to methemoglobin. /Cyanide/|... /There is a/ combined effect of pulmonary edema and the interference of cellular metabolism by the cyanide radical. /Cyanide ion/

INHALATION OR INGESTION: Exposure to cyanides can cause headache, vertigo, nausea, and vomiting may occur at low concentrations. High concentration causes difficult breathing, palpitation, paralysis, unconsciousness, respiratory arrest, cyanosis, and death. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Rash, desquamation and itching. (USCG, 1999)

CALL A DOCTOR IMMEDIATELY. INHALATION: Remove from exposure. Break amyl nitrate pearl in cloth and hold lightly under nose for 15 seconds. Repeat 5 times at 15-second intervals. Use artificial respiration if breathing stops. EYES: Wash eyes with copious quantities of water for a minimum of 20 minutes. SKIN: Wash with soap and water. INGESTION: If patient is conscious, induce vomiting and repeat until vomit is clear. Treat as for inhalation. (USCG, 1999)

Cyanide has several antidotes, with differing mechanisms of action and diverse toxicological, clinical, and risk-benefit profiles. ... Hydroxocobalamin is an antidote that seems to have many of the characteristics of the ideal cyanide antidote: rapid onset of action, neutralizes cyanide without interfering with cellular oxygen use, tolerability and safety profiles conducive to prehospital use, safe for use with smoke-inhalation victims, not harmful when administered to non-poisoned patients, easy to administer. /Cyanide/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Barium and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Barium and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Barium and Related Compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for Barium cyanide (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ /SRP: Toxicity from barium cyanide will be predominantly from cyanide./|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Short Term Exposure: This chemical can be absorbed through the skin, thereby increasing exposure. Barium cyanide is a deadly poison, can affect you when breathed and by passing through skin. Exposure can cause confusion, weakness, headaches, nausea, vomiting, gasping for air, collapse, and even death from cyanide poisoning. On contact with acids, acid mists, or acid salts, flammable hydrogen cyanide gas is formed which can cause rapid poisoning. Exposure to either form can affect the nervous system and cause hypokalemia, which can cause heart disorders. Long Term Exposure: Animal studies have found increased blood pressure and changes in the heart from ingesting barium over a long time. Can interfere with the normal functioning of the thyroid gland, causing goiter (enlarged thyroid).|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 1. Massive doses may produce, without warning, sudden loss of consciousness and prompt death from respiratory arrest. With smaller but still lethal doses, the illness may be prolonged for 1 or more hours. 2. Upon ingestion, a bitter, acrid, burning taste is sometimes noted, followed by a feeling of constriction or numbness in the throat. Salivation, nausea and vomiting are not unusual. ... 3. Anxiety, confusion, vertigo, giddiness, and often a sensation of stiffness in the lower jaw. 4. Hyperpnea and dyspnea. Respirations become very rapid and then slow and irregular. Inspiration is characteristically short while expiration is greatly prolonged. 5. The odor of bitter almonds may be noted on the breath or vomitus. ... 6. In the early phases of poisoning, an increase in vasoconstrictor tone causes a rise in blood pressure and reflex slowing of the heart rate. Thereafter the pulse becomes rapid, weak, and sometimes irregular. ... A bright pink coloration of the skin due to high concentrations of oxyhemoglobin in the venous return may be confused with that of carbon monoxide poisoning. /Cyanide/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ 7. Unconsciousness, followed promptly by violent convulsions, epileptiform or tonic, sometimes localized but usually generalized. Opisthotonos and trismus may develop. Involuntary micturition and defecation occur. 8. Paralysis follows the convulsive stage. The skin is covered with sweat. The eyeballs protrude, and the pupils are dilated and unreactive. The mouth is covered with foam, which is sometimes bloodstained. ... The skin color may be brick red. Cyanosis is not prominent in spite of weak and irregular gasping. In the unconscious patient, bradycardia and the absence of cyanosis may be key diagnostic signs. 9. Death from respiratory arrest. As long as the heart beat continues, prompt and vigorous treatment offers some promise of survival. /Cyanide/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Barium cyanide (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Barium cyanide (Ba(CN)2): ACTIVE

A FLUOROMETRIC MICRODIFFUSION METHOD IS DESCRIBED FOR DETERMINING CYANIDE IN BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS. THIS DETECTION IS BASED ON THE PRODUCTION OF FLUORESCENCE BY THE TREATMENT OF CYANIDE WITH P-BENZOQUINONE. /CYANIDE/|CYANIDE MAY BE LIBERATED FROM BIOLOGICAL FLUIDS /BLOOD, URINE/ BY ACIDIFICATION. THE EVOLVED CYANIDE IS ABSORBED IN ALKALI AND SODIUM CYANIDE THUS FORMED IS QUANTITATIVELY DETERMINED BY MEASURING THE ABSORBANCE OF CHROMOPHORES FORMED BY INTERACTION OF THE CYANIDE ION WITH SUITABLE REAGENTS ... /ANOTHER/ PROCEDURE PRESENTS A SENISITIVE GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CYANIDE IN BIOLOGICAL SPECIMENTS, BASED ON ITS CONVERSION TO CYANOGEN CHLORIDE USING CHLORAMINE-T. /CYANIDE/