Ethyl thiocyanate

87.14

87.14

208-833-3

PF9AD5G86Z

8827

2929|2902

DTXSID7060259

Volatile liquid

29309070

49.1

0.97

Ethylthiocyanate is a liquid. Used as an agricultural insecticide. (EPA, 1998)

1.0071 g/cm³ @ Temp: 23 °C

-85.5 °C

146 °C

109 °F

1.471

Insoluble in water; miscible in ethanol, ethyl ether; soluble in chloroform

Flammables area

Oral-rat LDL0: 200 mg/kg; Intraperitoneal injection-mouse LD50 10 mg/kg

Flammable; emits toxic sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide gas when heated

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Isocyanates and Isothiocyanates

Nitric acid violently oxidized a thiocyanate solution [Bretherick, 1979 p. 121]. Caution should be exercised in treating a thiocyanate with an oxidizing agent such as a peroxide or chlorate as such mixtures have been known to explode.

III

3.2

UN 2929 6.1/PG 2

3

10-20/21/22-36/37/38

26-36/37-24/25-16

XK9900000

Xn

Treasury is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from oxidants, acids and food

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P261-P280-P305 + P351 + P338

H226-H302 + H312 + H332-H315-H319-H335

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

When heated to decomposition, it emits very toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen and sulfur. (EPA, 1998)

|Warning|H226 (100%): Flammable liquid and vapor [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 42 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

(Non-Specific -- Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Keep unnecessary people away; isolate hazard area and deny entry. Stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Wear positive pressure breathing apparatus and special protective clothing. Move container from fire area if you can do it without risk. Fight fire from maximum distance. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. (Non-Specific -- Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Small fires: dry chemical, carbon dioxide, water spray, or foam. Large fires: water spray, fog, or foam. (EPA, 1998)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 131 [Flammable Liquids - Toxic]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

(Non-Specific -- Pesticide, Liquid, n.o.s.) Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. For small spills, absorb with sand or other noncombustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. For large spills, dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)

... irritant to skin & eyes. ... /Aliphatic thiocyanates/

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Ethylthiocyanate is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 10,000 lbs.

most toxic

The thiocyanates have synergistic insecticidal effects in combination with DDT, carbaryl and organophosphates like parathion. /Aliphatic thiocyanates/

MLD mice oral 52 mg/kg|MLD mice subcutaneous 39.1 mg/kg|MLD mice intraperitoneal 18.3 mg/kg|MLD mice intravenous 6 mg/kg

Food-borne goitrogens are often characterized by the presence of sulfur and most are thiocyanates or closely related compounds. Because of their widespread occurrence in Cruciferae, eg, cabbage, kale, onions, cress, broccoli, cauliflower, rutabaga, turnip & radish, goitrogens are among the most common and longest recognized substances of toxic nature in the human food supply. ... It has ... been demonstrated that the quantity of the precursor found in plant materials is related to the available sulfur in the soil. /Goitrogens/

Ethyl thiocyanate's production and use in industry and research(1) as well as an intermediate for pesticides(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl thiocyanate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of ethyl thiocyanate from moist soil surfaces may be important(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.82X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). The potential for volatilization of ethyl thiocyanate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(4). Biodegradation data for ethyl thiocyanate are not readily available(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a recommended classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 15(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that ethyl thiocyanate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment in water(SRC). Ethyl thiocyanate may volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC) based on an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.82X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Estimated volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 16.8 hours and 191.1 hours, respectively(3,SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), an estimated BCF of 5.0(3,SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 1.22(6,SRC), suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation data for ethyl thiocyanate are not readily available(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ethyl thiocyanate, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 4.8 mm Hg at 25 °C(2,SRC), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase ethyl thiocyanate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 2.2 days(3,SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of ethyl thiocyanate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2.2 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). Ethyl thiocyanate is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of hydrolyzable functional groups(3) nor to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum.

An estimated BCF of 5.0 was calculated for ethyl thiocyanate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 1.22(1,SRC) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc for ethyl thiocyanate can be estimated to be about 15(SRC). According to a recommended classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that ethyl thiocyanate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for ethyl thiocyanate is estimated as 5.8X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This value indicates that ethyl thiocyanate will volatilize from water surfaces(2,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the estimated volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 17 hours(2,SRC). The estimated volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 8.0 days(2,SRC). Ethyl thiocyanate's Henry's Law constant(1,SRC) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of ethyl thiocyanate from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based on an estimated vapor pressure of 5 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

Occupational exposure may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ethyl thiocyanate is produced or used. (SRC)

This material is highly toxic if ingested. (EPA, 1998)

Note: Ethylthiocyanate is very readily absorbed through the skin. Signs and Symptoms of Ethylthiocyanate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of acute exposure to ethylthiocyanate may include low blood pressure, apnea (cessation of breathing), nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal cramping, skin rashes, and exfoliative dermatitis. Muscle weakness, excitement, confusion, delirium, convulsions, and coma may be observed. Visual and auditory hallucinations as well as coryza (nasal inflammation and discharge), nystagmus (involuntary rapid eye movements), irritability, and anuria (absence of excretion of urine) may also occur. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to ethylthiocyanate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to ethylthiocyanate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Rush to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to ethylthiocyanate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Rush to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of ethylthiocyanate is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age.Warning: Ingestion of ethylthiocyanate may result in sudden onset of seizures of loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4.The recommended dosages of Ipecac are: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children (1 to 2 g/kg in infants), 30 to 100 g ( 1 to 3-1/2 oz) in adults, with 125 to 250 ml (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 30 to 100 g ( 1 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adult. 6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

For immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If victim is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep victim quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/|For basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... Monitor for seizures and treat if necessary ... For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/|Emergency medical transportation should be rapid. Preferred destination is a facility with a hyperbaric chamber if exposure to cyanide-producing/cyanide-releasing compounds. /Isocyanates, aliphatic thiocyanates, and related compounds/

All /aliphatic thiocyanates/ have an appreciable percutaneous toxicity, although this is not regarded as an important hazard with the concentrations usually employed in agriculture. Primary irritation of skin and eyes due to local contact, however, is not a negligible hazard, and the undiluted liquids may produce very severe cutaneous reactions ... /Aliphatic thiocyanates/|... important qualitative distinctions are recognized among the various organic thiocyanates. ... ethyl ... thiocyanate .. /is a/ rapidly acting poison of high potency.|Food-borne goitrogens are often characterized by the presence of sulfur and most are thiocyanates ... /Goitrogens/ are among the most common and longest recognized substances of toxic nature in the human food supply. /Goitrogens/

Thiocyanic acid, ethyl ester: ACTIVE