Ferrous oxalate

143.863

143.914597

208-217-4

DZP4YV3ICV

DTXSID4060159

2917119000

80.3

Ferrous oxalate is an odorless yellow solid. Insoluble in water and denser in water. Sinks in water. (USCG, 1999)

2.3 at 68° F (USCG, 1999)

190ºC

365.1°C at 760 mmHg

188.8ºC

Slightly soluble

RHOMBIC /DIHYDRATE/|Yellow crystals /Ferrous oxalate dihydrate/|Sugar, glycerin, & many organic hydroxy acids hinder precipitation. In neutral solution, soluble carbonates, phosphates, & oxalates produce precipitation. /Ferrous salts/

Insoluble in water.

Salts, Basic

Weak inorganic reducing agents, such as FERROUS OXALATE, react with oxidizing agents to generate heat and products that may be flammable, combustible, or otherwise reactive.

III

6.1

UN3288

P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P312, P322, P330, P363, P501

H302

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Evolves carbon monoxide on heating

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Iron fume or iron oxide fume may form in fire. (USCG, 1999)

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P312, P322, P330, P363, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 45 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Not Classified

Dust mask; goggles or face shield; protective gloves (USCG, 1999)

SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|All ... /iron/ preparations should be kept in child-proof bottles. /Iron preparations/

If inhaled, iron is a local irritant to the lung and gastrointestinal tract. /Iron compounds/

...There is concern that the individual with metabolic defects that impair the ability to regulate iron absorption will be at risk from excessive exposure to iron, primarily as a result of acceleration of accumulation of iron in the body and an earlier onset of clinical symptoms of the disease. /Iron salts/

/EXPTL THER/ Iron resorption was tested on 20-25 days old piglets. ...This drug /(Ferosol-1 ferrous oxalate antianemic powder including copper, zinc and cobalt) was also tried/ on newborn piglets while watching their weight gain and calculation /of/ daily weight gain. This data was used to estimate indirect impact of Ferosol-1 on metabolism of piglets. ...After administration of Ferosol-1 to piglets, iron concentration in their serum increased from 35.03 +/- 0.66 to 54.88 +/- 6.63 umol/L, hemoglobin concentration increased to 96.4 +/- 2.5 g/L, erythrocyte number increased to 4.4 +/- 0.14 x 10+12/L. The same data of control piglets were respectively 83.7 +/- 3.1 g/L and 3.52 +/- 0.3 x 10+12/L. /Ferosol-1/|/EXPTL THER/ Experiments with piglets showed good assimilation and metabolism of iron (II) in antianemic powder Ferosol-1. In order to improve this drug, manganese, calcium (Ferosol-2, 1 composition) and ascorbic acid (Ferosol-2, 2 composition) were added. ...Iron resorption was /measured in/ 20 day old piglets. Antianemic effectiveness of Ferosol-2 was evaluated on newborn piglets watching their weight. ...Iron in Ferosol-2 was found to be well assimilated in gastrointestinal tract of piglets, easily gets into blood and joins albumen of plasma. After administration of Ferosol-2 to piglets increased iron concentration in blood serum was observed for 3 hours (1 composition) and 6 hours (2 composition). Experimental data showed increased resorption of iron in Ferosol-2, 2 composition due to ascorbic acid. Components of Ferosol-2 are well assimilated and join erythropoetic processes. Ferosol-2 leads to quicker weight gain as well as significantly higher amount of hemoglobin and red blood cells in piglets. /Ferosol-2/

...Bioavailability of Ferosol-1 /(a ferrous oxalate antianemic powder including copper, zinc, and cobalt) was determined/ by giving it to rabbits with experimental posthemorrhagic anemia. ...Iron from Ferosol-1 was found to be well assimilated and to take place in hemopoetic processes of rabbit. /Ferosol-1/|In hemochromatosis and other disorders associated with iron overload, a significant fraction of the total iron in plasma circulates in the form of low molecular weight complexes not bound to transferrin. Efficient and unregulated clearance of this form of iron by the liver may account for the hepatic iron loading and toxicity that characterize these diseases. ...This possibility /was tested/ by examining the hepatic removal process for representative iron complexes in the single-pass perfused rat liver. Hepatic uptake of both ferrous and ferric 55Fe from ultrafiltered human serum was found to be highly efficient and effectively irreversible (single-pass extraction of 1 microM iron, 58-75%). Similar high efficiencies were seen for iron complexed to specific physiologic and nonphysiologic coordinators, including histidine, citrate, fructose, oxalate and glutamate, and tricine. Because of lower plasma flow rates, single-pass extraction of these iron complexes in vivo should be even greater. Autoradiography confirmed that most iron had been removed by parenchymal cells. Hepatic removal from Krebs-tricine buffer was saturable with similar kinetic parameters for ferrous and ferric iron (apparent Km, 14-22 microM; V max, 24-38 nmol/min/g liver). These findings suggest that high levels of non-transferrin-bound iron in plasma may be an important cause of hepatic iron loading in iron overload states.

Inhalation of dust may cause irritation of nose and throat. Ingestion causes burning pain in throat and stomach; mucous membranes turn white; can also cause vomiting, weak pulse, collapse, and death. Dust irritates eyes and may irritate skin on prolonged contact. (USCG, 1999)

(must be prompt) INHALATION: move to fresh air; get medical attention if any symptoms persist. INGESTION: give immediately by mouth a dilute solution of any soluble calcium salt (calcium lactate, lime water, chalk solution, or even milk); large amounts of calcium are required; give gastric lavage with dilute lime water; consult physician. Watch for edema of the glottis and delayed constriction of esophagus. EYES: flush with water for at least 15 min. SKIN: flush with water. (USCG, 1999)

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations as needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover chemical bums with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Oxalate and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the unconscious patient. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with lactated Ringer's /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Watch for signs of fluid overload. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Oxalate and Related Compounds/|Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Treat shock caused by hemorrhagic gastrointestinitis aggressively with intravenous crystalloid fluids, and replace blood if needed. Patients are often markedly hypovolemic owing to gastrointestinal losses and third spacing of fluids into the intestinal wall and interstitial space. Treat coma, seizures, and metabolic acidosis if they occur. For seriously intoxicated victims (eg, shock, severe acidosis, and/or serum iron > 500-600 mcg/dL) administer deferoxamine. Monitor the urine for the urine for the characteristic orange or pink deferoxamine-iron complex. Therapy may be stopped when the urine returns to normal or when the serum iron level decreases to the normal range. Prolonged deferoxamine has been associated with adult respiratory distress syndrome and Yersinia sepsis.|Activated charcoal is not effective. Ipecac is not recommended, because it can aggravate iron-induced gastrointestinal irritation and interfere with whole bowel irrigation. Consider gastric lavage if product was a liquid formulation or tablets were chewed. Do-not use phosphate-containing solutions for lavage; these may result in life-threatening hypernatremia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. Bicarbonate and deferoxamine lavage are of doubtful efficacy. Deferoxamine lavage is not effective and may enhance iron absorption. Whole-bowel irrigation is very effective for ingested tablets and may be considered first-line treatment, especially if large numbers of tablets are visible on plain abdominal x-ray. Massive ingestions may lead to concretions or bezoars. Repeated or prolonged whole-bowel irrigation may remove tablets. Endoscopy or surgical gastrotomy is rarely required.|Hemodialysis and hemoperfusion are not effective for removing iron but may be necessary to remove iron-deferoxamine complex in patients with renal failure. Exchange transfusion is occasionally used for massive pediatric ingestions but is of questionable efficacy.

Ferosol-1: Antianemic powder including copper, zinc, and cobalt. Ferosol-2: antianemic powder including copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese, and calcium (sometimes ascorbic acid also).

Iron, [ethanedioato(2-)-.kappa.O1,.kappa.O2]-: ACTIVE