Acetohydroxamic acid

75.07

75.07

1739019

208-913-8

4RZ82L2GY5

755855|176136|5073

DTXSID7022546

G - Genito urinary system and sex hormones

2924199090

49.3

-1.6

White to pale yellow Crystalline Solid

1.2±0.1 g/cm3

89-92 °C

231.4°C at 760 mmHg

1.421

soluble in water.

Hygroscopic, -20°C Freezer, Under Inert Atmosphere

Peritoneal-mouse LD50: 1300 mg/kg

Flammable; decomposes by heating to release toxic nitrogen oxide fumes

9.39 (aq soln)

8.7(at 25 °C)

8.7 (at 25 °C)|pKa= 8.70

II

3263

3

61-40

53-45-36/37/39-22

AK8157000

T

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

Moisture and Temperature Sensitive

P201-P308 + P313

H360

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Manufacturers, packers, and distributors of drug and drug products for human use are responsible for complying with the labeling, certification, and usage requirements as prescribed by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, as amended (secs 201-902, 52 Stat. 1040 et seq., as amended; 21 U.S.C. 321-392).

|Danger|H360 (100%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 48 companies from 6 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

moderately

Oral, rat: LD50 = 4.8gm/kg. Symptoms of overdose include anorexia, malaise, lethargy, diminished sense of wellbeing, tremor, anxiety, nausea, and vomiting.

Concurrent use of alcoholic beverages with acetohydroxamic acid has resulted in a nonpruritic, reddish, macular skin rash about 30 to 45 minutes after ingestion. The rash may be associated with a general feeling of warmth and tingling, and usually disappears spontaneously in 30 to 60 minutes.|Acetohydroxamic acid chelates iron and possibly other heavy metals with concurrent oral administration; this may result in reduced intestinal absorption of both; if iron therapy is indicated, parenteral administration of iron is recommended.|In vitro studies indicate that acetohydroxamic acid and methenamine have a synergistic effect in inhibiting increases in pH caused by urease-producing Proteus spp. and that acetohydroxamic acid potentiates the antibacterial effect of methenamine against these bacteria...

LD50 Mouse ip 2.5 g/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 5 g/kg|LD50 Rat oral 4.8 g/kg

No known binding

Used, in addition to antibiotics or medical procedures, to treat chronic urea-splitting urinary infections.

Enzyme Inhibitors|Acetohydroxamic acid is indicated in the prophylaxis of struvite calculi formation that is promoted by urease-producing bacteria such as Proteus. Its use may enhance effectiveness of urinary antibacterials, especially following surgical removal of existing stones. Use of acetohydroxamic acid also improves the possibility of reducing the frequency and rate of new stone formation. /Included in US product labeling/|Acetohydroxamic acid is indicated as an adjunct in the treatment of chronic, urea-splitting urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria. Its inhibition of urease activity decreases the urinary ammonia and alkalinity produced from the enzyme hydrolysis of urea. /Included in US product labeling/

Acetohydroxamic acid is not indicated for dissolution of existing calculi, replacement of indicated surgical treatment, urinary tract infections controllable by culture-specific oral antibacterials, or urinary tract infections caused by nonurease producing organisms.|Use of acetohydroxamic acid is contraindicated during pregnancy since studies in animals have shown it to cause leg deformities at doses of 750 mg/kg of body weight and above. At doses of 1500 mg/kg, exencephaly and encephalocele occurred. Also, cardiac, coccygeal, and abdominal-wall anomalies developed in pups of beagle dogs given 25 mg/kg a day during pregnancy.|It is not known if acetohydroxamic acid is distributed into breast milk. Although problems in humans have not been documented, its use is not recommended in breast-feeding mothers because of the potential for serious adverse effects in the nursing infant.|Headache, appearing during the first 48 hours of treatment, reportedly occurs in approximately 30% of patients receiving acetohydroxamic acid; however, several clinicians reported that mild, transient headache occurred in 70-75% of patients during initiation of therapy. Headache is generally mild, responsive to oral salicylate analgesics, and usually disappears spontaneously. Headache has not been associated with vertigo, tinnitus, or visual or auditory disturbances. Malaise occurs in about 20-25% of patients receiving the drug.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for ACETOHYDROXAMIC ACID (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Acetohydroxamic Acid, a synthetic drug derived from hydroxylamine and ethyl acetate, is similar in structure to urea. In the urine, it acts as an antagonist of the bacterial enzyme urease. Acetohydroxamic Acid has no direct antimicrobial action and does not acidify urine directly.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. (See all compounds classified as Enzyme Inhibitors.)

Well absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration.|Well absorbed from gastrointestinal tract.|Well distributed throughout body fluids.|Elimination: Renal- Unchanged, 36 to 65%; as acetamide, 9 to 14%. Respiratory - As carbon dioxide, 20 to 40%.|In rodents, about 55% of an intraperitoneal dose is excreted in urine as unchanged drug, 15% as acetamide, and 10% as acetate within 24 hours; approximately 7% of the dose is excreted by the lungs as carbon dioxide and less than 1% is excreted in feces within 24 hours.|In mice, highest concentrations of the drug occur in the liver and kidney, while the lowest concentrations occur in the brain.

35-65% of oral dose excreted unchanged in urine (which provides the drug's therapeutic effect).|...is metabolized to acetamide.

5-10 hours in patients with normal renal function|...increases with increasing dose and reportedly ranges from about 3.5-10 hours in patients with normal renal function.

Acetohydroxamic Acid reversibly inhibits the bacterial enzyme urease. This inhibits the hydrolysis of urea and production of ammonia in urine infected with urea-splitting organisms, leading to a decrease in pH and ammonia levels. As antimicrobial agents are more effective in such conditions, the effectiveness of these agents is amplified, resulting in a higher cure rate.|Inhibits the hydrolysis of urea and production of ammonia in urine infected with urea-splitting bacteria, by reversible inhibition of the bacterial enzyme urease, and by the chelation of nickel, an essential component of urease enzymes. Such enzyme inhibition results in reduction of both urine alkalinity and ammonia concentration. The effectiveness of antibacterial medication is then enhanced and the formation of urinary calculi reduced.

Treatment of overdose: Administration should be stopped. There is no known specific antidote for acetohydroxamic acid overdose. Recommended treatment consists of the following: Monitoring - Close monitoring of hematologic status; Specific Treatment - Symptomatic treatment as necessary. Blood transfusions if required. Dialysis (considered possible but not yet proven).

Acetohydroxamic acid was positive for mutagenicity in the Ames test.|Acetohydroxamic acid overdose has not been reported. However, if it should occur, concomitant reduction in platelets and/or white blood cells should be anticipated; reticulocyte count is likely to be elevated, and severe hemolysis may occur.

acetohydroxamic acid

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