Sodium pentachlorophenolate

288.32

285.828949

205-025-2

640L8FZO38

0532

2567

DTXSID4040264

White crystalline solid|Tan powder, pellets|Buff-colored flakes

2908199090

23.06000

5.09740

Sodium pentachlorophenate is a white or tan, powdered solid. It is soluble in water and may burn, but it is not easily ignited. It may be toxic by ingestion, inhalation and skin absorption. It is used as a fungicide, herbicide and as a disinfectant.

1.804g/cm3

145-146 °C @ Solvent: Methanol

309.5ºC at 760mmHg

133.7ºC

Solubility in water, g/100ml at 25°C: 33

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. ... Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Oral-rat LD50: 126 mg/kg;Oral-Mouse LD50: 197 mg/kg

Flammable; corrosive; burning releases toxic chloride fumes

Phenolic odor

Aqueous solution has alkaline reaction

Soluble in water.

Aryl Halides

SODIUM PENTACHLOROPHENATE is incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

II

6.1(a)

2567

24/25-26-36/37/38-40-50/53

1/2-22-36/37-45-61-60-52-28

SM6490000

T+,N

Treasury is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and food additives

Missing Phrase - N15.00950417-P260-P280-P302 + P352 + P310-P304 + P340 + P310-P305 + P351 + P338

H301-H310 + H330-H315-H319-H335-H351-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for sodium pentachlorophenol: Concentration process: Biological treatment.|Incineration of wastewater sprayed over chips or wood shavings is ... /used/. ... The incineration process /must/ be carefully controlled. ... /Although burning of chemical wastes is frequently recommended, the opinion is that incineration technology has not uniformly been sufficiently perfected to assure that hazardous products are not released into the environment during the incineration process./ ... Ultimate disposal of ... sludges /from chemical flocculation, biological treatment, and evaporation systems/ in the past has been landfills. ... PCP /may be degraded by microorganisms and photodecomposition/. /Pentachlorophenol/|Incineration (600-900 °C) coupled with adequate scrubbing and ash disposal facilities. Recommendable method: Incineration.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Reacts with strong oxidants. This generates fire and explosion hazard.

Sodium pentachlorophenate (for use as a preservative only) is an indirect food additive for use only as a component of adhesives.|Substances used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard products used in food packaging shall include: ... sodium pentachlorophenate as a slime control agent. Under the conditions of normal use these substances would not reasonably be expected to migrate to food, based on available scientific information and data.

USEPA; Chem Profile: Sodium Pentachlorophenate (1985). Aspects covered in this data sheet: chemical identity; exposure limits; physicochemical properties; fire and explosion hazards; reactivity; health hazards; uses; handling of spills or releases.|Chemical Review: Sodium Pentachlorophenate. Dangerous Prop Indust Mater Rep 6 (2): 5-30 (1986). A review of sodium pentachlorophenate toxicology, health hazards, and safety precautions while handling the cmpd.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Irritating vapors and toxic gases, such as hydrogen chloride, polychlorodibenzodioxins and carbon monoxide, may be formed when involved in fire. (USCG, 1999)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 65 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Aggregated GHS information provided by 38 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P262, P264, P270, P271, P280, P281, P284, P301+P310, P302+P350, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P310, P314, P320, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P361, P362, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 154 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Non-Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Full covering clothing, chemical protective gloves and goggles. Where dust is present, use approved dust respirator. (USCG, 1999)|Wear safety goggles or face shield.|Protective gloves, protective clothing.|... Following challenge with a 4.2% sodium pentachlorophenate soln, only the Best (natural rubber) glove allowed breakthrough; this only 30 sec after exposure. Neither the Dayton (5 hr), Playtex (7.5 hr), Edmont (15.5 hr), nor Granet (15.5 hr) gloves had been permeated following completion of testing after the listed duration.

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide, or dry chemical. Use water spray to absorb vapors. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources.

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.|1.Ventilate area of spill; 2. Collect spilled material in most convenient & safe manner, deposit in sealed containers for reclamation ... liquid containing pentachlorophenol should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or similar material. /Pentachlorophenol/|Biological treatment is principal secondary treatment method but other ... methods employed at some wood preservative plants are carbon absorption, membrane filtration ... and oxidation by chlorine, hydrogen peroxide, and ozone. The reduction in concn of pentachlorophenol (PCP) ... /in biological treatment/ is thought to occur by adsorption upon biomass rather than by degradation. /Pentachlorophenol/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Clothing should be removed immediately if a soln ... has been spilled on it. All clothing worn during one spraying operation should be laundered before re-use. Routine precautions include washing hands, arms, and face with soap and water before eating, drinking, or smoking. At end of day, workman should shower and change into clean clothing.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. ... Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Avoid breathing fumes from burning material.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire or Explosion: Non-combustible, substance itself does not burn but may decompose upon heating to produce corrosive and/or toxic fumes. Some are oxidizers and may ignite combustibles (wood, paper, oil, clothing, etc.). Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated.|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Solids and concn soln may ... produce skin irritation. ... ... In the eye it causes inflammation. ... Dusts are also irritating to the nose and pharynx.|Fine dusts and sprays of pentachlorophenol or sodium pentachlorophenate will cause painful irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract.|All chlorophenol ... dusts are ... irritating to the respiratory tract. /Chlorophenols/

Personal protection: chemical protection suit including self-contained breathing apparatus. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from food and feedstuffs. See Chemical Dangers. Well closed. Keep in a well-ventilated room.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. Inhalation may cause lung oedema. The substance may cause effects on the cardiovascular system and central nervous system. Exposure at high levels could cause unconsciousness and death. The effects may be delayed. Medical observation is indicated.

May cause chloracne. The substance may have effects on the central nervous system, kidneys and liver. Tumours have been detected in experimental animals but may not be relevant to humans.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles or face shield.

highly toxic

Inhibition of sulfation of the phenolic compound harmol (7-hydroxy-1-methyl-9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indole) by pentachlorophenol (PCP) was studied in the Wistar rat: PCP was administered in various ways to find a convenient method for long-term inhibition of sulfation. High doses of PCP or sodium pentachlorophenolate (NaPCP) in the diet (350 ppm) or NaPCP in the drinking water (1.4 mM) of Wistar rats for one week inhibited the sulfation of harmol by 30-45%. The plasma concentration of PCP in rats with NaPCP (1.4 mM) in their drinking water was highest (270 uM) in the period that the animals were kept in the dark and consumed food and water. This is explained by a rapid elimination: the elimination of PCP from plasma, after intravenous administration, showed a biphasic disappearance curve with half-lives of 2.17 and 7.24 hrs, respectively. This is much faster than in Sprague-Dawley rats. A log-linear correlation was found between the plasma concentration of pentachlorophenol and the inhibition of harmol sulfation. Although administration of NaPCP to rats in their drinking water inhibited the sulfation of harmol only by 45%, it inhibited the sulfation of the carcinogenic arylhydroxamic acid N-hydroxy-2-acetylaminofluorene by 70-75%.

LD50 Rat oral 126 mg/kg|LD50 Rat sc 66 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 197 mg/kg|LC50 Mouse inhalation 240 mg/cu m/2 hr|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Juvenile Chinook salmon were exposed continuously to sodium pentachlorophenate at 2 levels (0.05 and 0.50 the 96 hr LC50 of 0.078 mg/L) after they were infected experimentally via ip injection with kidney disease bacteria grown in culture. Five groups of fish received the toxicant and disease treatments, singly or in combination; a 6th group of fish was maintained as a control. In the combined treatments, toxicant exposure at the 0.05 and 0.50 levels lagged behind the bacterial infection by 5 and 6 days, respectively. Few mortalities occurred in fish exposed for 5 wk to the 0.05 and 0.50 levels of the toxicant alone. A marked synergism was apparent when treatment with sodium pentachlorophenate at 0.50 the 96 hr LC50 was combined with bacterial kidney disease. All fish in this treatment group died on the 14th day postinjection and the 8th day of toxicant exposure. The symptomatic indexes of these fish kidney diseases were not pronounced, consisting of a moderately distended abdomen and slight enlargement of the kidney and hind gut.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The 96 hr MLD for 2 wk old Sheepshead minnow fry was 516 ug/L; for Pinfish larvae 38 ug/L; for 24 hr Grass shrimp larvae 649 ug/L. It caused abnormal development of oyster embryos, the 48 hr EC50 being 40 ug/L.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity of sodium pentachlorophenol to tadpoles of Bufo japonicus was determined under lab conditions. The 24 hr mean lethal concentrations were 0.14 and 0.18 ppm when tested in 1 and 2 L tanks, respectively. Each tank contained 40 tadpoles.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The effect of sublethal concentrations (0.0028-0.0083 mg/L) of sodium pentachlorophenate on the enzymes succinic dehydrogenase, pyruvic dehydrogenase, and lactic dehydrogenase in the brain, liver, and gills of Notopterus notopterus after 15 and 30 days exposure was studied. Succinic dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase were inhibited, while lactic dehydrogenase was stimulated significantly at most concentrations. Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase and pyruvic dehydrogenase and the stimulation of lactic dehydrogenase activity indicate the development of anaerobic conditions at the cellular level in pollutant-stressed fish.|For more Ecotoxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Individuals suffering from kidney and liver diseases have a lowered resistance and should /be protected from exposure/.

Pentachlorophenol sodium salt's former USA production may have resulted in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its former use in the USA for the long-term protection of wood from fungi, in drilling muds, water treatment in cooling towers, and in paints(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

Pentachlorophenate disappeared from the water of microcosms simulating some of the characteristics of littoral zones during the first 6 wk after exposure to a single application of 41 ug/l (14)C-labeled sodium pentachlorophenate. Concn of inorganic (14)C in water samples increased during this period and subsequently declined. The total (14)C residues in the water declined approx 2% per day throughout the experiment and radioactive residues in macrophytes increased linearly between days 1 and 35, reaching concn greater than 700 times the initial concn in water. Concn of (14)C residues in macrophytes dropped rapidly after the 8th week of the experiment. Some (14)C pentachlorophenate was degraded to (14)C carbon dioxide and photosynthetic fixation of (14)C carbon dioxide occurred. At the end of the experiment, 40-43% of the radioactivity was present in benthic sediments and approx 5% was recovered in scrapings of mineral precipitates and algae from the walls of the microcosms. About 40% of the applied radioactivity was not detected in microcosm components and was presumably lost to the atmosphere during the 180 day exposure period.

602.56|Rainbow trout exposed to waterborne sodium pentachlorophenate averaging 35 and 660 ng/L for about 115 days accumulated levels of pentachlorophenate that were related to the concentration and duration of exposure. Pentachlorophenate levels in organs (liver and gall bladder), the remaining fish, and the percent of total pentachlorophenate in the organs remained relatively uniform among the control fish over the 115 day period. Fish exposed to 35 ng/L contained slightly higher pentachlorophenate levels with a higher percentage found in the organs. The highest levels of pentachlorophenate occurred in fish exposed to 660 ng/L where concentration in the organs averaged 2200 ug/kg after 115 days. Thus, uptake from water is an important pathway for the accumulation of pentachlorophenate by rainbow trout.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 16,153 workers (1,615 of these were female) were potentially exposed to pentachlorophenol, sodiuim salt in the US(1). Occupational exposure to pentachlorophenol, sodium salt may have occurred through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pentachlorophenol, sodium salt was produced or used. General population exposure should be low or non-existent since pentachlorophenol, sodium salt is no longer used in the US (1993)(2).

Fatal poisoning of infants was traced to improper laundering of diapers and bedding with material containing sodium pentachlorophenate (and other chlorinated phenols). The tissue levels of one infant that died were about 20-34 ppm, with blood levels of 120 ppm or more. Asymptomatic infants had levels in serum to 26 ppm.

Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS. (See all compounds classified as Environmental Pollutants.)|Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. (See all compounds classified as Enzyme Inhibitors.)|Pesticides used to destroy unwanted vegetation, especially various types of weeds, grasses (POACEAE), and woody plants. Some plants develop HERBICIDE RESISTANCE. (See all compounds classified as Herbicides.)|Pesticides designed to control insects that are harmful to man. The insects may be directly harmful, as those acting as disease vectors, or indirectly harmful, as destroyers of crops, food products, or textile fabrics. (See all compounds classified as Insecticides.)|Chemicals used to destroy pests of any sort. The concept includes fungicides (FUNGICIDES, INDUSTRIAL); INSECTICIDES; RODENTICIDES; etc. (See all compounds classified as Pesticides.)|Substances which, when ingested, inhaled, or absorbed, or when applied to, injected into, or developed within the body in relatively small amounts may, by their chemical action, cause damage to structure or disturbance of function. (From Dorland, 27th ed) (See all compounds classified as Poisons.)|Chemical agents that uncouple oxidation from phosphorylation in the metabolic cycle so that ATP synthesis does not occur. Included here are those IONOPHORES that disrupt electron transfer by short-circuiting the proton gradient across mitochondrial membranes. (See all compounds classified as Uncoupling Agents.)

... Pentachlorophenol was found in the liver, blood, and urine /of those fatalities who had been exposed to pentachlorophenol and sodium salt mixture/.|Distribution in tissues of rabbit 24 hr after 1 oral dose of sodium pentachlorophenate equiv to 94 mg of pentachlorophenol: urine & feces 70.6% stomach & intestine 6.76%; muscle 6.42%; skin 2.22%; blood 1.90%; liver & gallbladder 0.743%; kidneys 0.267%; heart, lung & testes 0.171%; cns 0.096%. /From table/|... Based on the half-life following a single exposure of rats to an aerosol of the sodium salt, the body burden of pentachlorophenol did not increase following as many as 5 daily exposures. The results suggested that prior exposure increased the ability of animals to eliminate the cmpd. Excretion seemed insufficient to account for observed effect.|Pentachlorophenol ... can be absorbed through skin & from GI tract. Each /of 2 rabbits/ was given 1 oral dose of sodium salt (0.25% aq soln) equivalent to 37 mg pentachlorophenol/kg ... of the admin quantities of pentachlorophenol, 92 & 91%, respectively, were recovered. Bulk of the material was found in urine & about 4 & 7%, respectively, were present in GI tract. Remainder was well distributed throughout the tissues. Only traces of pentachlorophenol are excreted in conjugated form in the urine of the ... rabbit. /Pentachlorophenol/|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The major metabolic processes degrading PCP or its sodium salt are as follows: (a)methylation to yield the methylether of PCP, pentachloroanisole; (b)acylation of the hydroxyl group resulting in pentachlorophenol acetate; (c)dechlorination to tetrachlorophenols; and(d)hydroxylation to tetrachlorodihydroxybenzenes. The metabolites originating from these initial steps are subject to further transformations... Thus, a number of substances may arise, which accumulate to different extents; the limiting step is the ring fission to chlorinated aliphatic compounds such as tetrachloromuconic acid. Further dechlorination may result in further transformations of the aliphatic compounds to form low molecular substances such as acetic acid or succinate, which then enter the tricarboxylic acid cycle.|In urine of rabbit orally admin pentachlorophenol, pentachlorophenyl sodium beta-glucuronide and chloranil were found. Chloranil was also observed in internal organs of mice 2 hr after ip injection.|Pentachlorophenol yields octachlorobiphenylquinone in horseradish. /From table; pentachlorophenol/|Unchanged pentachlorophenol is excreted in the urine of rabbit, rat, mouse, and monkey. In addition to free pentachlorophenol, rats excrete tetrachloro-p-hydroquinone and trichloro-p-hydroquinone. ... Both metabolites as well as the parent cmpd are excreted free and as glucuronides. /Pentachlorophenol/|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

To study the mechanism of thyroid hormone action disrupted mechanism by pentachlorophenol in FRTL-5 cells. In the study solvent control group (DMSO), positive control group in iodide uptake measurements (perchlorate sodium) and three pentachlorophenol groups were designed. FRTL-5 cells were treated at the doses of 0.1 ug/mL, 0.3 ug/mL and 0.5 ug/mL of pentachlorophenol for 24 hours. The proliferation of FRTL-5 cells was assayed by 3H - TdR, and the concentrations of thyroglobulin in culture were assayed by RIA. In iodide uptake measurements, and the (125)I uptake of FRTL-5 cells was tested in 12 hr and 24 hr. Pentachlorophenol had no effect on the proliferation of FRTL-5 cells, and the concentrations of thyroglobulin in culture were decreased at the levels of group 0.3 ug/mL and 0.5 ug/mL. The iodide uptakes of FRTL-5 cells were significantly increased at the levels of group 0.33 ug/mL and 0.5 ug/mL in 12 hr. Perchlorate sodium made significant decreases of the iodide uptake of FRTL-5 cells in 12 hr and 24 hr. The mechanism of the thyroid hormone action disrupted by pentachlorophenol may be associated with descreasing thyroglobulin in FRTL-5 cells. /Pentachlorophenol/|Chlorinated phenols ... are very effective (... in vitro) as uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. They thus prevent incorporation of inorganic phosphate into ATP without effecting electron transport. As a result of this action, which is believed to occur at mitochondrial /membrane/, cells continue to respire but soon are depleted of ATP necessary for growth. /Chlorophenols/|The chlorophenols ... act at the sites of adenosine triphosphate production and decrease or block it without blocking the electron transport chain. Thus the poisons uncouple phosphorylation from oxidation. Free energy from the electron transport chain then converts to more body heat. As body temp rises, heat-dissipating mechanisms are overcome and metabolism is speeded. More adenosine diphosphate and other substrates accumulate, and these substrates stimulate the electron transport chain further. The electron transport chain responds by using up more and more available oxygen (increasing oxygen demand) in an effort to produce adenosine triphosphate, but much of the free energy generated is liberated as still more body heat. Oxygen demand quickly overcomes oxygen supply, and energy reserves become depleted. /Chlorophenols/|... Effective uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation. At low concn (10-5 m) pentachlorophenol prevents the uptake of inorganic phosphate associated with the oxidation of alpha-ketoglutarate. In phosphate-deficient systems, alpha-ketoglutarate oxidation is stimulated by pentrachlorophenol (PCP). PCP greatly enhances liberation of inorg phosphate from ATP in fresh mitochondrial prepn, but ... no effect upon atpase prepared from disintegrated mitochondria. Suggested effect of PCP may be one of altering permeability of mitochondria rather than direct effect on atpase. /Pentachlorophenol/|A study of magnesium adenosine triphosphitase and sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphitase from various tissues of the rat revealed very complex reactions, suggesting that pentachlorophenol uncouples oxidative phosphorylation at low concn and inhibits it at high concn and that sodium, potassium adenosine triphosphitase is the locus of action of the poison. /Pentachlorophenol/

... Pentachlorophenol available after about 1973 contained only 1 ppm of the hexachloro- and 26 ppm of the octachlordibenzo-p-dioxin. /Pentachlorophenol/|Fourteen technical pentachlorophenol and three sodium pentachlorophenate samples were obtained from several manufacturers and analyzed for various chlorinated phenolic impurities. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography with an electrochemical (coulometric mode) detector was used for qualitative and quantitative determinations. 2,4-Dichlorophenol, 3,5-dichlorophenol, 2,3,4-trichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, 3,4,5-trichlorophenol, 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, and 2,3,4,5-tetrachlorophenol were detected as contaminants in the various samples.

Exposure can cause irritation of eyes, nose and throat. May cause weakness, excessive sweating, headache, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and difficulty in breathing. (USCG, 1999)

Signs and Symptoms of Sodium Pentachlorophenate Exposure: Signs and symptoms of sodium pentachlorophenate exposure include skin irritation, irritation and burning of eyes, numbness and opacity of the cornea, upper respiratory tract irritation, pain in chest, coughing, sneezing, rapid breathing, difficulty in breathing, and bronchitis. Contact dermatitis may be observed after severe exposure. Profuse sweating, headache, weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, nausea, cardiac dilatation, tachycardia (rapid heart beat), and cardiac failure may occur. High fever may be present, and exposed individual may experience an intense thirst, although this may be masked by nausea and vomiting. Declining alertness may progress to stupor, convulsions, and coma. Ingestion may be followed by delayed scar tissue formation, which may later cause problems with swallowing and stomach filling and emptying. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to sodium pentachlorophenate may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium pentachlorophenate. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Rush to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to sodium pentachlorophenate exposure. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas with soap and water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Rush to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of sodium pentachlorophenate is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Ingestion of sodium pentachlorophenate may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Artificial respiration may be needed. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse skin with plenty of water or shower. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Supportive treatment and hyperthermia control. There is no specific antidote to the poisoning; therefore treatment is supportive in nature including oxygen, fluid replacement, and most importantly, fever control. Reduce elevated body temperature by physical means. Administer sponge baths and use fans to increase evaporation.18 In fully conscious patients, administer cold, sugar-containing liquids by mouth as tolerated. Cooling blankets and ice packs to body surfaces may also be used. Antipyretic therapy with salicylates is strongly contraindicated as salicylates also uncouple oxidative phosphorylation. Other antipyretics are thought to be of no use because of the peripherally mediated mechanism of hyperthermia in poisoning of this nature. Neither the safety nor the effectiveness of the other antipyretics has been tested. Administer oxygen continuously by mask to minimize tissue anoxia. Unless there are manifestations of cerebral or pulmonary edema or of inadequate renal function, administer intravenous fluids to restore hydration and support physiologic mechanisms for heat loss and toxicant disposition. Monitor serum electrolytes, adjusting IV infusions to stabilize electrolyte concentrations. Follow urine contents of albumin and cells, and keep an accurate hourly record of intake/output to forestall fluid overload if renal function declines. Caution: In the presence of cerebral edema and/or impaired renal function, intravenous fluids must be administered very cautiously to avoid increased intracranial pressure and pulmonary edema. Central monitoring of venous and pulmonary wedge pressures may be indicated. Such critically ill patients should be treated in an intensive care unit. /Pentachlorophenol/|Skin decontamination. Flush the chemical from eyes with copious amounts of clean water. Perform skin decontamination ... . /Pentachlorophenol/|Cardiopulmonary monitoring. In severe poisonings, monitor pulmonary status carefully to insure adequate gas exchange, and monitor cardiac status by ECG to detect arrhythmias. The toxicant itself and severe electrolyte disturbances may predispose to arrhythmias and myocardial weakness. ... /Pentachlorophenol/|Neurological. To reduce production of heat in the body, control agitation and involuntary motor activity with sedation. Lorazepam or other benzodiazepines should be effective, although use of these drugs in these poisonings has not been reported. If lorazepam is chosen, administer slowly, intravenously. /Pentachlorophenol/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Skin irritation ... /results/ from a relatively brief, single exposure to an approximately /10%/ solution ... A 1% solution may cause irritation if contact is repeated. A solution containing 0.1% or less, may result in adverse effects after prolonged contact.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its sodium salt /were formally/ used in wood preservatives. Little is known about the effects on man when being chronically exposed. Only vague skin symptoms, such as rashes, acne and cutaneous infections /have been/ described.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Fine dusts and sprays ... cause painful irritation to the eyes and upper respiratory tract. Atmospheric concn appreciably greater than 1 mg/cu M of air will cause ... /painful irritation in nose of/ uninitiated person. Concn as high as 2.4 mg/cu m can be tolerated by those who are accustomed to material. At concn below 1 mg/cu m/ no noticeable effects are experienced ... severe intoxications, including fatalities, have been reported from ... uncontrolled use of pentachlorophenol soln for the destruction of weeds or termites, including the treatment of wood ... /with/ mixt of ... pentachlorophenol & ... sodium pentachlorophenate.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The signs and symptoms of severe systemic intoxication include loss of appetite, respiratory difficulties, anesthesia, hyperpyrexia, sweating, dyspnea, and rapidly progressive coma. Autopsy revealed inflamed gastric mucosa, congestion of the lungs, edema in the brain, cardiac dilatation, centrilobular degeneration in liver, & mild degeneration of renal tubules /in those exposed to an 80% pentachlorophenol & 20% sodium pentachlorophenate solution/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pentachlorophenate, Sodium

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation, through the skin and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. See Ingestion.

MAY BE ABSORBED! Redness. Pain. Further see Inhalation.

Redness. Pain.

Grades: technical, powder, pellets, or briquettes.|WEEDBEADS|DOW DORMANT FUNGICIDE|SANTOBRITE|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Phenol, 2,3,4,5,6-pentachloro-, sodium salt (1:1): ACTIVE|As of 1993, phenate has not been used in the United States /as a pesticide/. In other countries, where antimicrobial needs are high, the phenate is employed for its antifungal and antimicrobial activities, i.e. applied directly to the surfaces of freshly sawed timber to prevent fungal growth and sap staining|Trade marks include ... Dowicide G (Dow), Santobrite (Monsanto) for the sodium salt - neither company now manufactures or markets these products.

Determination of sodium pentachlorophenolate in the atmosphere by thin-layer chromatography. The method is based on a reaction between sodium pentachlorophenolate and silver on a thin layer of silica gel.|EPA Method 8040. Method for the determination of phenols in solid waste by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (FID) or derivatization to pentafluorobenzyl- bromide (PFB) derivatives followed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (ECD). ECD is used to reduce detection limits of some phenols and/or interferences. Under the prescribed conditions for pentachlorophenol, the method detection limit is 7.4 ug/L using FID and 0.59 ug/L using ECD. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to analyte concentration and essentially independent of the sample matrix. /Pentachlorophenol/|EPA Method 8250. Packed Column Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry Technique for the determination of semivolatile organic compounds in extracts prepared from all types of solid waste matrices, soil, and groundwater. This method is applicable to quantify most neutral, acidic, and basic organic compounds that are soluble in methylene chloride and capable of being eluted with derivatization as sharp peaks from a gas chromatographic packed column. Under the prescribed conditions, pentachlorophenol has a detection limit of 3.6 ug/L. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix. /Pentachlorophenol/|EPA 8270. Capillary Column GC/MS. This method is used for the determination of semivolatile organic compounds in extracts prepared from all types of solid waste matrices, soils, and groundwater. This method is applicable to quantify most acidic, basic, and neutral organic compounds that are soluble in methylene chloride and are capable of being eluted without derivatization as sharp peaks from a capillary column (DB-5 or equivalent). The Practical Quantitation Limit for pentachlorophenol is 50 ug/L in ground water and 3300 ug/kg in low soil/sediment. The precision and a method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix. /Pentachlorophenol/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for PENTACHLOROPHENOL, SODIUM SALT (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A GC method for determining pentachlorophenol and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol in biological fluids was developed. Samples analyzed were urine, water, serum, or fish, tissue. Urine and water samples were digested at 100 °C for 1 hr in a sealed vial and later were extracted with toluene. Serum samples were acidified and then digested and extracted as above. Fish tissue was homogenized, acidified to pH 2, and rehomogenized; the emulsion was extracted with methylene chloride, extracted with alkali, and finally with toluene and digested as above. All samples were treated with an internal standard, diluted as appropriate, and subjected to gas chromatography at 300 °C using fused silica capillary columns. Samples were injected at 1 microliter volume and detection of compounds was facilitated by electron capture at 350 °C. A calibration standard of pure pentachlorophenol and tetrachlorophenol were run; the time of chromatographic run was 1 hour. Good resolution of the compounds was achieved. Concentrations as low as 0.5 ppb wre detected by this method for the two compounds. The precision of the method was 7.5% for tetrachlorophenol and 1.2% for pentachlorophenol. The upper limit of detection was 200 ppb. Samples of water, urine, serum, and fish tissue contained detectable concentrations of the two compounds. Corrections were made to compensate for instrument drift. The compounds were sensitive to chemical activity within the injection port and column; deactivation was necessary by treating with 10 microliter portions of hexamethylsilane and trimethylchlorosilane. ...|Chlorinated phenols in urine are ... detected by electron-capture gas chromatography using a double support-bonded diethylene glycol succinate column ... Avg recoveries of >80% were obtained. /Chlorinated phenols/

HERBICIDES