Butyl lactate

146.18

146.18

205-316-4

6533

1993

DTXSID7042196

Water-white, stable liquid|Clear, colorless to white liquid

2918110000

46.5

1.1

Clear colorless Liquid

0.9837 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-28 °C

186 °C

157 °F

1.42-1.422

H2O: 42 g/L (25 ºC)

Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well-ventilated place.

0.4 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

5.04 (vs air)

Oral-Rat LD50: >5000 mg/kg; subcutaneous-mouse LDL0: 11000 mg/kg

Combustible in case of fire, high temperature and strong oxidants; burning produces irritating smoke

Mild, transient odor

Henry's Law constant = 1.92X10-6 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Specific gravity: 0.974-0.984 at 20 °C/20 °C|Combustible|Volatility at 25 °C: 590 ppm v/v|Weight per gallon: 8.15 lbs (68 °F)|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for n-Butyl lactate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Insoluble in water.

Alcohols and Polyols

BUTYL LACTATE is an ester. Esters react with acids to liberate heat along with alcohols and acids. Strong oxidizing acids may cause a vigorous reaction that is sufficiently exothermic to ignite the reaction products. Heat is also generated by the interaction of esters with caustic solutions. Flammable hydrogen is generated by mixing esters with alkali metals and hydrides. Avoid contact with strong oxidizing agents and strong bases. Will not polymerize (USCG, 1999).

382 °C (720 °F)

Class IIIA Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 140°F and below 200°F.

77.4 cal/g at 20 °C

I; II; III

1993

2

36/37/38

26-36-37/39

OD4025000

Xi

Completely packed, lightly placed; storeroom ventilated, away from open flames, high temperature, and stored separately from oxidants

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P210, P261, P271, P273, P280, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, P501

H227

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Strong acids & bases, strong oxidizers, heat, sparks, open flames.|Can react with oxidizing materials.

Combustible. Extinguish with dry chemical, CO2, or alcohol foam. Use water spray to "knock down" vapors and cool exposed containers. (USCG, 1999)|Flammable - 2nd degree

|Warning|H315 (98.96%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1932 companies from 14 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P261, P271, P280, P304+P340, P312, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|P210, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P312, P321, P332+P313, P362, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 128 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Immiscible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). All equipment used when handling the product must be grounded. Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. A vapor-suppressing foam may be used to reduce vapors. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. Use clean, non-sparking tools to collect absorbed material. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Water spray may reduce vapor, but may not prevent ignition in closed spaces. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|Personnel protection: Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots, and goggles.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substances; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for n-Butyl lactate (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Flammable when exposed to heat or flame

Extinguishing methods: Alcohol Foam|If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide.|Use alcohol foam, foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.|Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Special protective equipment for fire-fighters: Wear self contained breathing apparatus for fire fighting if necessary.

Personal precautions: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Environmental precautions: Do not let product enter drains. Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Soak up with inert absorbent material and dispose of as hazardous waste. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing vapors. Keep upwind. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for n-Butyl lactate (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A skin irritant.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 5 ppm (25 mg/cu m)

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

practically nontoxic

LD50 Rat subcutaneous 12 g/kg /SRP: 12,000 mg/kg/|LD50 Mouse subcutaneous 11,000 mg/kg

n-Butyl lactate's production and use as a solvent for nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, oils, dyes, natural gums, many synthetic polymers, lacquers, varnishes, inks, stencil pastes, antiskinning agent, chemical (intermediate), perfumes, dry-cleaning fluids, and adhesives(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-butyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of n-butyl lactate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 0.40 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 3.846X10+4 mg/L(4). n-Butyl lactate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Using the Closed Bottle test, n-butyl lacate exhibited 22-39% degradation in 5 days(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that n-butyl lactate is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 0.40 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 3.846X10+4 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 23 and 170 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 0.80(7) and a regression-derived equation(8), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Using the Closed Bottle test, n-butyl lacate exhibited 22-39% degradation in 5 days(9), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), n-butyl lactate, which has a vapor pressure of 0.4 mm Hg at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase n-butyl lactate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 1.5 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 7.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). n-Butyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of n-butyl lactate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 7.0X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1.5 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 0.95 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 85 and 8.5 days at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). n-Butyl lactate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for n-butyl lacate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 0.80(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of n-butyl lactate can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that n-butyl lactate is expected to have very high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for n-butyl lactate is estimated as 2.0X10-6 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 0.4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 3.8X10+4 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that n-butyl lactate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 23 days hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 170 days(SRC). n-Butyl lactate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). n-Butyl lactate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 5,342 workers (1,381 of these were female) were potentially exposed to n-butyl lactate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to n-butyl lactate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where n-butyl lactate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to n-butyl lactate via inhalation and dermal contact with consumer products containing n-butyl lactate(SRC).

n-Butyl lactate was detected in expired air at a rate of 3.4 ug/hr of 1 of 8 male subjects, median age of 38(1).

VAPOR: Headache, coughing, possible sleepiness, nausea or vomiting, or dizziness may result. LIQUID: Irritating to skin and eyes. (USCG, 1999)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, immediately wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, immediately remove the clothing, wash the skin with soap and water, and get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist respirations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Activated charcoal is not effective ... . Do not attempt to neutralize because of exothermic reaction. Cover skin burns with dry, sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation, at the first sign of upper airway obstruction, may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Organic acids and related compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Prolonged exposures to n-butyl lactate at concentrations of approx. 7 ppm with short, peak exposures of 11 ppm resulted in headache and irritation of the pharyngeal and laryngeal mucosa, with coughing, in all workers. Some workers complained of sleepiness and headache in the evening after work; occasional nausea and vomiting were experienced. Complaints of irritation of the conjunctiva were not confirmed by examination. Routine blood and urine clinical analyses were normal. Some symptoms of exposure (headache, coughing, pharyngitis) were related to air concentrations of 4 ppm measured with a personal monitoring device. However, when exposure concentrations were below 1.4 ppm, no signs or symptoms of butyl lactate exposure occurred, and medical examinations were negative.

n-butyl lactate

inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; drowsiness, headache, central nervous system depression; nausea, vomiting

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, central nervous system

Grade: Technical, 95% min.|The commercial grade contains condensation products and its physical and chemical properties will vary

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Propanoic acid, 2-hydroxy-, butyl ester: ACTIVE

Method: OSHA PV2080; Procedure: gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector; Analyte: butyl lactate; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.05 ppm (30.0 mg/cu m).

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