Cadmium sulfide

144.48

145.875

215-147-8

0404

2570

Yellow-orange hexagonal crystals|Light-yellow or orange-colored cubic or hexagonal crystals.|Yellow or brown powder|Dimorphic, existing in the sphalerite (cubic) and wurtzite (hexagonal) crystal structures.

2830909000

32.1

0.64570

LIGHT YELLOW OR ORANGE CRYSTALS OR YELLOW-TO-BROWN POWDER.

4.8 g/cm³

980 °C (sublm)

4℃

INDEX OF REFRACTION: 2.506; 2.529

H2O: Insoluble ;soluble in acid, very slightly soluble in ammonium hydroxide.

2-8°C

Oral-rat LD50: 7080 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 1166 mg/kg

Thermal decomposition releases toxic sulfur oxides, containing cadmium fumes

Can be polished like a metal. It is an n-type semiconductor.|beta-Cadmium sulfide can be transformed to alpha-cadmium sulfide by heating at 750 °C in a sulfur atmosphere.|Sublimes at 980 °C|Oxidized to the sulfate, basic sulfate and eventually the oxide on heating in air to 700 °C, especially in the presence of moisture.|log Ksp = -14.36 at 25 °C and 1 atm. (This value was determined for long equilibrium times and is as much as 2 orders of magnitude for published values for fresh precipitates.)

III

6.1

UN 3077 9/PG 3

3

45-22-48/23/25-53-62-63-68-50/53-67-65-48/20/22-38-11

53-45-61-60-62-36/37-16

EV3150000

T,N,F

The warehouse is low-temperature, ventilated and dry

P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P273, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P314, P330, P405, P501

H302

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D006, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D006, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Cadmium/|SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The reaction between iodine monochloride & cadium sulfide ... is vigorous.

National Toxicology Program. Eleventh Report on Carcinogens (2005). The Report on Carcinogens is an informational scientific and public health document that identifies and discusses substances (including agents, mixtures, or exposure circumstances) that may pose a carcinogenic hazard to human health. Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds are listed as known to be human carcinogens. /Cadmium and Cadmium Compounds/[Available from, as of July 31, 2009: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/eleventh/profiles/s028cadm.pdf]

Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P273, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P314, P330, P405, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P273, P281, P301+P312, P308+P313, P314, P330, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 259 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H341: Suspected of causing genetic defects [Warning Germ cell mutagenicity]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P307+P311, P308+P313, P314, P321, P405, and P501|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P309+P311, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P405, and P501

If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide. /Cadmium compounds, NOS/

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. All contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ First Aid: Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Do not use mouth-to-mouth method if victim ingested or inhaled the substance; give artificial respiration with the aid of a pocket mask equipped with a one-way valve or other proper respiratory medical device. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. For minor skin contact, avoid spreading material on unaffected skin. Keep victim warm and quiet. Effects of exposure (inhalation, ingestion or skin contact) to substance may be delayed. Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. /Cadmium compound/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Spill or Leak: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. /Cadmium compound/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Fire: Small fires: Dry chemical, CO2 or water spray. Large fires: Dry chemical, CO2, alcohol-resistant foam or water spray. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire control water for later disposal; do not scatter the material. Fire involving tanks or car/trailer loads: Fight fire from maximum distance or use unmanned hose holders or monitor nozzles. Do not get water inside containers. Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. /Cadmium compound/|/GUIDE 154: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC AND/OR CORROSIVE (NON-COMBUSTIBLE)/ Evacuation: ... Fire: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. /Cadmium compound/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for CADMIUM SULFIDE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing. Separated from strong oxidants, strong acids and food and feedstuffs. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed, especially if powdered.

May cause mechanical irritation to the eyes.

The substance may have effects on the kidneys, bones and respiratory tract. This may result in kidney impairment, osteoporosis (bone weakness) and chronic inflammation of the respiratory tract. This substance is carcinogenic to humans.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety goggles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection if powder.

Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Cadmium sulfide is included on this list.

The major hazards encountered in the use and handling of cadmium sulfide stem from its toxicologic properties. Toxic primarily by ingestion and inhalation, exposure to this yellow, orange, red, or brown crystalline substance may occur from its use as a pigment for coloring glass, soaps, textiles, paper, rubber, inks, ceramic glazes, fireworks, and epoxy resins. Effects from exposure may include headache, shortness of breath, chest pain, kidney damage, liver damage, emphysema, chronic bronchitis, and pulmonary edema (possibly resulting in death). Processes and operations which may release cadmium fumes or dust should be enclosed and fitted with exhaust ventilation. In activities where over-exposure is possible, workers should wear a high efficiency particulate filter respirator or self-contained breathing apparatus. Protective clothing also should be worn. Preferably this should include disposable one piece suits (close-fitting at the ankles and wrists), gloves, hair covering, and overshoes. These should be removed before leaving work. If contact should occur, immediately wash contaminated skin with large amounts of water. Do not eat, smoke, or drink in work areas. Cadmium sulfide presents only a moderate fire hazard (when in the form of dust) if exposed to heat, flame, or by chemical reaction with oxidizing agents, metals, hydrogen azide, zinc, selenium, or tellurium. Wear a self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting such fires. Cadmium sulfide should be stored in cool, well-ventilated areas, out of direct rays of sun, and away from combustibles and other fire hazards. Should hazardous concentrations of cadmium sulfide are accidentally released, remove all ignition sources, ventilate the area, and collect the released material in closed containers for disposal. Before implementing land disposal of waste cadmium sulfide, consult environmental regulatory agencies for guidance.

D006; A waste containing cadmium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Cadmium/

D006; A solid waste containing cadmium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Cadmium/

moderately toxic

CADMIUM SULFIDE (15 MG DOSES) WAS ADMIN INTRATRACHEALLY TO RATS ONCE WEEKLY FOR 6 WK IN ADDN TO INTRATRACHEAL ADMIN OF 0.5 ML 10% URETHANE SOLN. ADMIN LED TO EVOLUTION OF LUNG FIBROSIS AFTER 12 MO.

LD50 Rat oral 7080 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 1166 mg/kg

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ The toxicity of chemicals in sediments is influenced by the extent that chemicals bind to the sediment. It is shown that acid volatile sulfide (AVS) is the sediment phase that determines the LC50 for cadmium in the marine sediments tested. Although it is well known that metals can form insoluble sulfides, it apparently has not been recognized that AVS is a reactive pool of solid phase sulfide that is available to bind with metals. Amphipod sediment toxicity tests were conducted in the laboratory and the observed amphipod LC50s on a normalized cadmium concentration basis, [Cd]/[AVS], is the same for sediments with over an order of magnitude difference in dry weight normalized cadmium LC50s. Because other toxic metals also form insoluble sulfides, it is likely that AVS is important in determining their toxicity in sediments as well. Most freshwater and marine sediments contain sufficient acid volatile sulfide for this phase to be the predominant determinant of toxicity. The other sorption phases are expected to be important only for low AVS sediments, for example, fully oxidized sediments. From the point of view of sediment quality criteria the other sorption phases would be important for metals with large partition coefficients and large chronic water quality criteria.

/Occurs in/ a greenockite (cadmium sulfide) ore containing zinc sulfide ...|Cadmium compounds are naturally occurring, albeit relatively rare, and are widely distributed in the earth's crust; crustal abundance is between 0.1 and 0.5 ppm(1,2). Several minerals of cadmium have been identified, the most common of which is greenockite, CdS(2). Cadmium is usually found in zinc ores in which the CdS crystals are isomorphic to the zinc mineral sphalerite, ZnS(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 42,562 workers (16,685 of these were female) were potentially exposed to cadmium sulfide in the US(1).|/CADMIUM/ SULFIDE MIGHT BE FOUND AS AN ATMOSPHERIC CONTAMINANT IN FACTORIES WHERE IT IS EMPLOYED; BUT IT WOULD PROBABLY NOT BE FOUND IN ATMOSPHERE OF ELECTRONIC COMPONENT PLANTS BECAUSE THERE IT IS GENERALLY USED IN A SLURRY FORM.

/TREATMENT OF SEBORRHEA CAPITIS/ ... LESS TOXIC THAN SELENIUM SULFIDE & LESS IRRITATING TO THE SKIN. ... LESS LIKELY TO INDUCE EXCESSIVE OILINESS OF THE SCALP, DISCOLORATION OF GRAY HAIR, & LOSS OF HAIR. ... SHOULD BE USED WITH THE SAME PRECAUTIONS AS OUTLINED FOR SELENIUM SULFIDE. /FORMER USE/|Dermatologic /Former use/|MEDICINAL INGREDIENT IN SHAMPOO /FORMER USE/

AFTER A YR OF FEEDING 1 PPM CADMIUM (AS CADMIUM SULFIDE (CDS) OR CD CONTAINED IN ROLL SHELL LIVER) IN CA DEFICIENT DIET OF FEMALE RATS, ACCUM RATE IN LIVER & KIDNEY WAS 0.33-0.48%, WHEREAS THAT OF WATER SOL CD CMPD & CD FED AS CD POLLUTED RICE WAS 0.43-0.57%.|Rats were exposed 6 hr/day over 10 days to 0.3 mg/cu m of water soluble cadmium chloride and 0.2, 1.0 and 8.0 mg/cu m of insoluble cadmium sulfide, then killed at intervals over a 3-month period for serial measurements of lung, renal and fecal cadmium. Cadmium chloride and high-dose cadmium sulfide animals showed a transient increase in lung weight. Clearance of both compounds was biphasic. Approximately 40% of deposited material was cleared during the 10-day exposure period. For cadmium chloride, only 9% of the lung burden was cleared rapidly after the last exposure (half-life 1.0 days) and 47%. slowly (half-life 87 days), leaving a residual lung burden of 44%. For cadmium sulfide, 41% of the lung burden was cleared rapidly (half-life 1.4 days) and 40% slowly (half-life 42 days), leaving a final residue 19%. In the cadmium sulfide high-dose group, the retention of cadmium sulfide in the lung was greater than that in the cadmium sulfide low-dose groups, indicating that clearance mechanisms may possibly have been impaired in the high-dose group by too great a lung burden. For both compounds, fecal cadmium was initially high. Renal accumulation of cadmium was substantial for cadmium chloride during the exposure period and continued over the following months until it represented approximately 35% of the total cadmium cleared from the lung. For cadmium sulfide, renal accumulation was only 1% of the amount cleared from the lung. The bioavailability of cadmium from cadmium sulfide is thus poor, the majority being cleared from the lungs and excreted in the feces. However, the bioavailability of inhaled cadmium sulfide measured as cadmium in the kidney is greater than the bioavailability of orally ingested cadmium sulfide.

/The objective of this study was/ to fully understand the cytotoxicity of after-degradation /quantum dots/ (QDs)...Biomimetic method was proposed to synthesize cadmium sulfide (CdS) QDs. Thereafter MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay was conducted to evaluate their cytotoxicity. ...toxicity mechanism /was studied using/ intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement with /dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate/ DCFH-DA, glutathione (GSH) measurement with /5,5'-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid); Ellman reagent/ DTNB, and cellular cadmium assay using atomic absorption spectrometer. Microsized CdS were simultaneously tested as a comparison. MTT assay results indicated that CdS QDs are more toxic than microsized CdS especially at concentrations below 40 ug/mL. While microsized CdS did not trigger ROS elevation, CdS QDs increase ROS by 20-30% over control levels. However, they both deplete cellular GSH significantly at the medium concentration of 20 ug/mL. In the presence of /N-acetyl cysteine/ NAC, cells are partially protected from CdS QDs, but not from microsized particles. Additionally, nearly 20% of cadmium was released from CdS nanoparticles within 24 hr, which also accounts for QDs' toxicity. Intracellular ROS production, GSH depletion, and cadmium ions (Cd(2+)) release are possible mechanisms for CdS QDs' cytotoxicity. .../It is/ also suggested that with QD concentration increasing, the principal toxicity mechanism changes from intracellular oxidative stress to Cd(2+) release.

Carcinogens

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Cadmium and Related Compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Cadmium and Related Compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Cadmium and Related Compounds/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Cadmium sulfide is sometimes used as a yellow tattoo pigment, which is deposited intradermally. Local phototoxic reactions may take place when the skin is exposed to ultraviolet light and are probably connected with the marked photoconducting properties of cadmium sulfide. Of 24 patients with yellow tattoos ... 18 experienced skin swelling when exposed to sunlight.|/GENOTOXICITY/ INCUBATION OF HUMAN LEUKOCYTES WITH CADMIUM SULFIDE (6.2X10-2 UG/ML) CAUSED FORMATION OF CHROMOSOMAL ABERRATIONS, INCL CHROMATID BREAKS, ISOCHROMATID BREAKS, TRANSLOCATION & DICENTRIC CHROMATIDS.

Biocadmio

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.

Cough.

Redness. Pain.

Consumption of cadmium pigments in the industrialized countries in 1990: plastics, 90%; ceramics, 5%; other, 5%. /Cadmium pigments/

Grade: Technical, NF, highpurity (single crystals).|Cadmium sulfide - purities: > 98-99.999%; phosphor (luminescent) grade, 99.99-99.999%|Pigment Yellow 37, CI 77199 (CdS)|Pigment Yellow 35, CI 77117 (cadmium sulfide lithopone: CdS/ZnS/BaSO4, CdS/BaSO4)|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for CADMIUM SULFIDE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Cadmium sulfide (CdS): ACTIVE|A pure inorganic photoconductor has been developed consisting of uniform arrays of hexagonal microcrystallites of cadmium sulfide, each about 70 nm in diameter. These are produced by a sputtering process and are layered in a thin coat approximately 350 nm thick. They sustain a uniform charge of about 30 V. Each crystallite ... /acts/ like an independent photodiode. Coated on a substrate, such layer serves as a panchromatic film, suitable for high-resolution.|Occurs in nature as the mineral greenockite.|Cadmium sulfide may be prepared in color ranging from white to deep orange-red depending on the preparative method and resultant particle size of the material. The smaller the particle size the lighter the coloration and glass colored with cadmium sulfide is colorless when first cast from the melt where the particle size of the cadmium sulfide is less than 2 nm. Upon annealing at 700 °C, yellow-orange color develops as the particle size increases as a result of aggregation in the glass matrix.|Cadmium pigments are expensive and, where applicable, the lithopone forms are used. Lithopones are the concentrated pigments prepared with coprecipitated barium sulfate which acts as an extender. Lithopones contain ca 40 wt% concentrated pigment and ca 60 wt% barium sulfate.|Cadmium forms a number of salts, of which the sulfate is the most common; the sulfide is used as a yellow pigment

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens