S-Propyl-N-butyl-N-ethylthiocarbamate

203.34

203.34

214-215-4

T1ECE7S074

3082|2902

DTXSID8021199

Colorless or yellow liquid

29302000

45.6

3.83

Amber Liquid

0.9458 g/cm³ @ Temp: 30 °C

<25 °C

142 °C @ Press: 20 Torr

124 DEG F (OPEN CUP)

1.4752 (589.3 nm 30℃)

Miscible with kerosene, methylisobutyl ketone, 4-methylpentan-2-one

0-6°C

8.85X10-2 mm Hg at 25 deg C

Oral-Rat LD50: 921 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 1652 mg/kg

Combustion produces toxic sulfur oxide and nitrogen oxide gas

Aromatic odor

Henry's Law constant = 2.37X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Amber liquid. BP: 142 °C at 21 mm Hg. Density: 0.9552 g/mL at 20 °C. log Kow = 9.6X10+3 at 25 °C. VP: 8.9C10-3 mm Hg at 25 °C. /Technical/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.94X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.

Thiocarbamate Esters and Salts/Dithiocarbamate Esters and Salts

PEBULATE is a thiocarbamate. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides.

Noncorrosive

UN30829/PG3

2

22-51/53

23-61

EZ0400000

Xn,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

HYDROLYZES IN HOT CONCENTRATED SULFURIC ACID

P273

H302-H411

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

USEPA/Office of Pesticide Programs; Reregistration Eligibility Decision Document - Pebulate 161 pp. EPA OPP-738-R-99-005 (November 1999). This document provides a thorough review of the scientific data underlying pebulate's registration and fulfills the EPA's requirement to determine whether pesticides containing the active ingredient pebulate are eligible for reregistration before calling in data on products.|World Health Organization; Thiocarbamate pesticides: A general Introduction. 49 pp (1987). This evaluation of the toxicity data includes: summary; identity, properties and analytical methods; sources of human and environmental exposure; environmental transport, distribution and transformation; enviromnental levels and human exposure; kinetics and metabolism; effects on organisms in the environment; effects on animals and in vitro test systems; effects on man; previous evaluations by international bodies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P301+P312, P330, P391, and P501|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 197 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|To protect workers, EPA requires the use of PPE (including coveralls, chemical-resistant gloves, and organic vapor respirators) for all chemigation mixers/loaders.|To protect workers, EPA requires the use of PPE (including coveralls, chemical-resistant gloves, and organic vapor respirators) for all mixer/loaders when preparing solutions for an application in the western states at the highest use rate (>6 lb ai/Acre).|EPA requires the use of PPE (including chemical-resistant gloves and coveralls) for all mixer/loaders when preparing solutions for an application in all states other than the western states (i.e., at rates of #6 lb ai/Acre).

FIRE POINT: 132 °C.

/For agricultural uses,/ drift or runoff may adversely affect nontarget plants. Do not apply directly to water, or to area where water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. Do not contaminate water when cleaning equipment or disposing of equipment washwaters

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|/For agricultural uses covered under the Worker Protection Standard/ do not enter or allow worker entry into treated areas during the restricted entry interval (REI) of 12 hours. PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water, is: coveralls, chemical-resistant gloves, and shoes plus socks. Note: persons assisting in mechanical transplanting in fields after Tillam 6-E has been applied are classified as handlers and must wear the personal protective equipment listed for handlers ... during and after expiration of the REI.|To protect workers, EPA requires closed mixing/loading systems for commercial operations that impregnate dry bulk fertilizer with pebulate.|To protect workers, EPA requires closed mixing/loading systems for commercial operations that combine pebulate (fluid formulation) with liquid fertilizer.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PEBULATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pebulate is irritating to eyes. No significant cutaneous irritation...

SOIL: Pebulate was found at concentrations from 21.3-67.8 ppm (adjusted for soil moisture content) in soil from a surface impoundment site in California(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: Pebulate was not detected in samples from an urban area north of Jackson, Hinds County, MS(1). The compound was detected, not quantified in air samples from Iowa City, Iowa, not detected in Minneapolis, Minnesota; all are within the Mississippi River Basin(2). All sampling took place from April through September, 1995(1,2).|RURAL/REMOTE: Pebulate was not detected in samples from an agricultural region - Rolling Fork, Sharkey County, MS(1). The compound was detected, not quantified in air samples from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, not detected in Princeton, Minnesota; all are within the Mississippi River Basin(2). It was detected, not quantified in Eagle Harbor, MI samples, which is removed from dense urban and agricultural regions and acted as the background site(2). All sampling took place from April through September, 1995(1,2).

moderately toxic

LD50 Rabbit dermal 4,640 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 921 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 1,120 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 1652 mg/kg

/BIRDS and MAMMALS/ An acute oral toxicity study using the technical grade of the active ingredient (TGAI) was required to establish the toxicity of pebulate to birds. The preferred test species is either mallard duck (a waterfowl) or bobwhite quail (an upland gamebird). Two subacute dietary studies are required to establish the toxicity of a pesticide to birds; the preferred test species are mallard duck and bobwhite quail. For acute oral and subacute dietary toxicity, pebulate is classified as practically nontoxic to avian species /based on an acute LD50 >2000 mg/kg in mallard ducks and subacute studies in bobwhite quail with an LC50 >5200 ppm and in mallard ducks and an LC50 >5606 ppm and a NOAEL of 650 ppm./ ... Due to the use pattern associated with pebulate (a single application with immediate soil incorporation), repeated exposure to residues is not expected and chronic toxicity data for avian species /was/ waived.|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Based on the data reviewed for pebulate /involving acute toxicity to bluegill sunfish, rainbow trout, mosquitofish, longnose killifish, and striped mullet,/ the pesticide is classified as slightly toxic to the freshwater and marine/estuarine fish species tested ... Pebulate is classified as only slightly to moderately toxic to freshwater aquatic invertebrates on an acute basis /from information available on the acute toxicity of this pesticide to the Water flea (Daphnia magna), the Scud (Gammarus fasciatus), and the White shrimp (Penaeus setiferous)/|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Pebulate was evaluated for its effect on organisms constituting base of marine food chain. It produced 23.8% decrease in productivity of natural phytoplankton community during 4-hr exposure at 1 ppm. ...EC50 (loss of equilibrium or death) of pebulate in Brown shrimp (Penaeus aztecus) is in excess of 1 ppm (highest level tested) after 48-hr exposure. EC50 (shell growth inhibition)... in oysters is >1 ppm (highest level tested) after 96-hr exposure.|/PLANTS/ For seedling emergence and vegetative vigor testing, the response of various plant species relative to a control, are measured at various levels relative to the use rate of the chemical. ... The results showed that pebulate runoff and drift to adjacent habitats may prove hazardous to certain families of nontarget terrestrial and semiaquatic plants (mainly grass related species). No risk to aquatic plants is predicted... Endangered species LOCs are exceeded for pebulate for acute hazard to endangered plants (grasses and sedges) for several uses.

Pebulate's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its former use in the US as an herbicide(1) resulted in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), Koc values ranging from 291(2) to 630(4) indicate that pebulate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of pebulate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 8.85X10-2 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(3). Pebulate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). A half-life of 36-60 days using an aerobic sandy loam soil(4) suggests that biodegradation is an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|TERRESTRIAL FATE: ...the organic matter and clay content of soil seem to affect the herbicidal activity of pebulate. Under conditions where pebulate was applied to dry soil without incorporation, its activity persisted for 1 or 2 months. ... The loss of pebulate from wet soil is related to the amt of moisture loss and is correlated to the amt of soil organic matter.|TERRESTRIAL FATE: Short persistence with a half-life of approx 2 weeks in moist loam soil at 21-27 °C ... Leaches fairly readily|TERRESTRIAL FATE: In Santa Cruz loamy sand, 2.6%, 59%, and 39% of the applied pebulate was found in the 0-3, 3-6, and 6-9 inch deep sections, respectively, 16 hours after incorporation in the top 2 inches when leached with 8 inches of water(1). Pebulate moves relatively slowly in soil when compared to other herbicides(2). A study using Hagerstown silty clay loam and Lakeland sandy loam calculated mobility factors for pebulate to be 2.3 and 2.2, respectively, where 1 indicates no movement and 6 indicates maximum movement(2). In Santa Cruz loamy sand, Coyote sandy loam, Sorrento loam, Bower's clay, and Egbert peat, pebulate leached 9, 9, 6, 6, and 3 inches, respectively, with 8 inches of water after being incorporated 2 inches deep at 10 lb/ac(3).|For more Environmental Fate (Complete) data for PEBULATE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of pebulate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.9X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 13 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Thiocarbamates, such as pebulate, are markedly resistant to chemical hydrolysis and concentrated acids at elevated temperatures are required for the hydrolysis of pebulate(2). Pebulate does not hydrolyze to a great extent, with >90% of the parent remaining after 30 days(3). Pebulate can only undergo hydrolysis at the thiocarbamate linkage in acidic solution to give a secondary amine as a hydrolysis product(2). It has been shown that thiolcarbamates, such as pebulate, degrade by ultraviolet light at an initial rate of 0.02 moles/minute with photolysis products being the corresponding formamide, dialkylamine, mercaptan, and disulfide(4). Therefore, pebulate may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC). It photodegraded very slowly (half-life of >30 days) in water and on soil(3). After 16 days of exposure, <10, 30, 17, and 30% of pebulate was lost in Rose Bengal, sandy loam (0.53% organic matter), sandy loam (2.2% organic matter), and sandy loam (6.3% orgaanic matter), respectively, through sunlight photolysis(5).

An estimated BCF of 120 was calculated for pebulate(SRC), using a log Kow of 3.83(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate(SRC).

630.96 L/kg|The Koc of pebulate has been reported at 427(1), 630(2), and 430(3). An average Koc value for a variety of organic carbon contents and concentration levels has been given as 719(4). Reported Freundlich Kd values of 1.24, 3.25, 4.46 and 7.44 mL/g correspond to Koc values of 422, 291, 446, and 576 mL/g, respectively(5). According to a classification scheme(6), these Koc values suggest that overall, pebulate is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC).|The movement...in soil was closely related to water solubility and...vapor pressures. To determine vapor losses...pebulate...was applied to dried soil at 4 lb/acre. The soil was held at 40 °C in a slow stream of air for 1 hr before analysis for residual herbicide. ...the lateral diffusion of /this/ herbicide in soil was...found to be not more than a few centimeters. The extent of diffusion was directly related to the vapor pressure.

The Henry's Law constant for pebulate is estimated as 2.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 8.85X10-2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 100 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that pebulate is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 12 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 8 days(SRC). Pebulate's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The compound volatilizes rapidly, with 40% of total applied to soil volatilized in 25 hours); therefore, volatilization appears to be an important route of pebulate dissipation(3). Pebulate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

GROUNDWATER: Pebulate was not detected in 303 groundwater samples collected from across 12 US midwestern states sampled during 1991(1). It was detected in 1.1% of 94 samples collected in 1992, detection limit of 0.008 ug/L(1). As a result of the National Water-Quality Assessment study conducted during 1993-195 in 20 major US hydrologic basins, pebulate was reported at a maximum detection 0.052 ug/L, detection limit 0.004 ug/L; % frequency of in land-use settings were: 0.4 (corn/alfalfa); 3.1 (corn); 1.2 (wheat)(2).|DRINKING WATER: Pebulate was detected in 3 out of 237 farm and private wells in Ontario, Canada during the years 1969-78 at concentrations between 1.1-10 ug/L which entered the wells during storm runoff(1). It was not detected in finished drinking water from the Arno River region in Italy; method detection limit of 0.010 ug/L(2). Pebulate was not detected in 81 US drinking water wells as reported in the Pesticides in Ground Water Database, designed for ground water monitoring of pesticides in the US(3).|SURFACE WATER: Pebulate was not detected in stormwater runoff collected in proximity to orchards within the Sacramento River Basin, CA (a 70,000 sq km basin with approx 8,000 sq km irrigated) during a January 12, 1994 storm, detection limit of 50 ug/L(1). It was not detected in samples from the Arno River in Italy, one of the largest rivers in Italy with a catchment area of approximately 8,200 sq km and where pesticides are used extensively for agriculture; method detection limit of 0.010 ug/L(2). Pebulate was not detected, detection limit 0.009 ug/L, in two tributary streams to the South Platte River, CO samples collected from April 1993 through April 1994(3). Monitoring of the Yakima River, WA from 1999-2000 resulted in 34 of 34 sites being negative for pebulate; detection limit 0.004 ug/L(4).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Pebulate was detected, not quantified in one rain sample from an urban area north of Jackson, Hinds County, MS. It was not detected in samples from an agricultural region - Rolling Fork, Sharkey County, MS(1). All sampling took place from April through September, 1995(1).

Occupational exposure to pebulate may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pebulate is produced. Monitoring data indicate that the general population had been exposed via inhalation. (SRC)

In the rat, pebulate was readily absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated, primarily in urine, feces, and CO2. Less than 3% was detected in total tissues. Major metabolites were identified in the urine as pebulate mercapturate, hydroxylated pebulate, butylamine and ethylbutylamine, hydroxyethylbutylamine, and hydroxylated pebulate mercapturate.|...About 50% of /SRP: labeled/ compound administered to rats was expired as carbon dioxide in three days, about 25% /SRP: of labeled compound/ was excreted in the urine and 5% in the feces.|In adult rats...tissue accumulation studies showed that pebulate was absorbed and distributed throughout whole body with highest concentrations in the liver and blood. The accumulation of radioactivity in most internal organs increased with increasing dosages... This relationship is approximately linear between the dosages used. The biological half life in these organs was between 2-3.6 days.|Pebulate, EPTC, cycloate, butylate and vernolate (each at 0.3 mg, replicated 4 times,) were administered one time only as emulsifiable concentrates (1/100 aqueous dilution of a (14)C-labelled) to non-occluded skin of CD Crl:CD(SD)BR rats (10/compound). Evaluation was 10 hours after treating. Recovery of radioactivity averaged 76.1%, 93.7%, 94.9%, 95.4% and 92.9% for EPTC, cycloate, butylate, pebulate and vernolate, respectively. The high proportion of the applied dose for all 5 thiocarbamates was from the non-occlusive cover, indicating that a large percentage of the applied dose volatilized from the skin surface (captured by active carbon filters). EPTC recovery was comparatively lower due to its greater volatility and the volatility occurred during dosing, rather than during the 10 hour exposure. Cycloate absorption (material found in systemic circulation) was 15.90%, compared with 9.9%, 7.35%, 5.76% and 4.0% for pebulate, vernolate, EPTC and butylate, respectively. For pebulate, radioactivity was recovered in the following percentages: skin wash, 4.26%; non-occlusive cover, 79.37%; application site, 1.72%; untreated skin, 0.09%; total not absorbed, 85.45%; urine, 3.11%; feces, 0.14%; cage wash, 0.40%; carbon dioxide, 1.32%; expired volatiles, 0.14%; carcass, 4.81%; total absorbed dose, 9.90%; total recovered, 95.35%.

In the rat, pebulate was readily absorbed, distributed, metabolized and eliminated, primarily in urine, feces, and CO2. Less than 3% was detected in total tissues. Major metabolites were identified in the urine as pebulate mercapturate, hydroxylated pebulate, butylamine and ethylbutylamine, hydroxyethylbutylamine, and hydroxylated pebulate mercapturate.|Analysis of /adult rat/ urine samples revealed an extensive labeling of urinary constituents, such as urea, and many amino acids. ... Identification of labeled volatile cmpd in the urine revealed the presence of 0.3-2.8% as unchanged pebulate, and also a small amount of (14)C propylmercaptan and (14)C propanol. These results indicated a hydrolytic cleavage of the thiocarbamate molecule to propylmercaptan which was further converted to propanol by transthiolation. The propanol was then oxidized to a C-3 acid and entered a metabolic pool. Hydrolysis of the urine sample with strong acid converted some nonvolatile labeled metabolites to steam-volatile, isooctane-extractable metabolites, indicating that the pebulate molecule had undergone conjugation.|Pebulate is metabolized to the sulfoxide by mouse liver microsome-NADPH system, living mice, and photolysis. It is metabolized to sulfoxone and carbon dioxide in living mice. After oxidation to the sulfoxide, cleavage by the GSH-S-transferase system occurred with...pebulate. Mercaptans were released. /From table/

In adult rats...tissue accumulation studies showed that pebulate was absorbed and distributed throughout whole body with highest concentrations in the liver and blood. The accumulation of radioactivity in most internal organs increased with increasing dosages... This relationship is approximately linear between the dosages used. The biological half life in these organs was between 2-3.6 days.

The thiocarbamates, such as pebulate (S-propyl butyl (ethyl) thiocarbamate) are a well-established class of herbicides. They inhibit fatty acid elongation, which is necessary for the biosynthesis of constituents of surface waxes and suberin and this has been proposed to be important for their toxicity.

Tech material is 95% pure

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

Skin decontamination. Skin contamination should be treated promptly by washing with soap and water. Contamination of the eyes should be treated immediately by prolonged flushing of the eyes with large amounts of clean water. If dermal or ocular irritation persists, medical attention should be obtained without delay. /Other herbicides/|Gastrointestinal decontamination. Ingestions of these herbicides are likely to be followed by vomiting and diarrhea due to their irritant properties. Management depends on: (1) the best estimate of the quantity ingested, (2) time elapsed since ingestion, and (3) the clinical status of the subject. Activated charcoal is probably effective in limiting irritant effects and reducing absorption of most or all of these herbicides. Aluminum hydroxide antacids may be useful in neutralizing the irritant actions of more acidic agents. Sorbitol should be given to induce catharsis if bowel sounds are present and if spontaneous diarrhea has not already commenced. Dehydration and electrolyte disturbances may be severe enough to require oral or intravenous fluids. ... If large amounts of herbicide have been ingested and the patient is seen within an hour of the ingestion, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... . If the amount of ingested herbicides was small, if effective emesis has already occurred, or if treatment is delayed, administer activated charcoal and sorbitol by mouth. /Other herbicides/|Intravenous fluids. If serious dehydration and electrolyte depletion have occurred as a result of vomiting and diarrhea, monitor blood electrolytes and fluid balance and administer intravenous infusions of glucose, normal saline, Ringer's solution, or Ringer's lactate to restore extracellular fluid volume and electrolytes. Follow this with oral nutrients as soon as fluids can be retained. /Other herbicides/|Supportive measures are ordinarily sufficient for successful management of excessive exposures to these herbicides ... . If the patient's condition deteriorates in spite of good supportive care, the operation of an alternative or additional toxicant should be suspected. /Other herbicides/

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Pebulate is irritating to eyes. No significant cutaneous irritation or percutaneous absorption.|/GENOTOXICITY/ Pebulate technical (purity = 97.1% ... ) was used at concentrations of 0 (DMSO), 15, 75, and 150 ug/mL with and without S-9 (from Aroclor 1254-induced male Alpk:APfSD rats) on human male and female lymphocytes for 3 hours. ... Female lymphocytes without S-9 were treated at 100 (not 150) ug/mL. Pebulate did not statistically increase the number of chromosomal aberrations or produce a positive response. /Purity = 97.1%/|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Pebulate is in the class of thiocarbamates ... and is a reversible cholinesterase inhibitor (that is, pebulate quickly binds to the cholinesterase active site, but is easily replaced by acetylcholine). ... The thiocarbamates, such as pebulate, are not particularly effective cholinesterase inhibitors; rather, they appear to be direct acting neurotoxic agents. Because the principal toxic effects observed by exposure to thiocarbamates are neurotoxicity (clinical signs, behavioral effects, and/or changes in motor activity) and neuropathology, these neurotoxic effects are often used for endpoint selection in risk assessments rather than cholinesterase inhibition. For this class of compounds, acetyl cholinesterase inhibition is not the primary toxicity concern.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ The in vivo inhibitory effect of several thiocarbamate herbicides at 8 mg/kg on aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and 40 mg/kg on acetaldehyde levels decrease in the order of thiobencarb, pebulate, vernolate and molinate > butylate and triallate >> cycloate. The percentage inhibition of liver aldehyde activity generally correlates with the elevation in blood and brain acetaldehyde under these treatment protocols. /It has been/ shown that the alcohol-aversion drug disulfiram is metabolized to S-methyl N,N-diethylthiocarbamate and its sulfoxide as the penultimate and ultimate metabolites inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase. Thus, the thiocarbamate herbicides and their metabolites are similar to the disulfiram metabolites not only in homologous structure but also in their potency range as aldehyde dehydrogenase inhibitors in vivo. On this basis some of the thiocarbamate herbicides may sensitize agricultural workers to ethanol intoxication.

pebulate

Emulsifiable concentrate, granules|TILLAM 6E--EMULSIBLE LIQUID CONTAINING 6 LB/US GALLON. TILLAM 10G--GRANULAR, CONTAINING 10 LB/100 LB GRANULES.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies Pebulate (technical grade) as Class II: moderately hazardous; Main Use: herbicide.|Controls both grassy, broadleaf weeds and nutsedge. Used for selective weed control in sugar beets, tobacco, and tomatoes.|SUGGESTED RATES OF USE ON SUGAR BEET 4-6 LB/ACRE BEFORE PLANTING; ON TOMATOES 4 LB/ACRE 3 WK AFTER SETTING OUT BUT BEFORE FRUIT SETS.|... /incorporation/ soon after application to prevent volatilization losses ... can be applied by conventional sprayer in water or liquid fertilizer, or impregnated on dry bulk, fertilizer|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for PEBULATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Gas chromatography with flame ionization detector.|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC DETERMINATION IN HERBICIDE FORMULATIONS.|THE DIRECT GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC BEHAVIOR OF CARBAMATE PESTICIDES WAS INVESTIGATED USING CARBOWAX 20M-MODIFIED SUPPORTS AND THE HALL ELECTROLYTIC CONDUCTIVITY DETECTOR.|TLC DETECTION OF HERBICIDAL THIOCARBAMATES AND THEIR METABOLITES. LIMIT OF DETECTION WAS 0.05 MUG FOR PEBULATE.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for PEBULATE (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Agrochemicals -> Herbicides|HERBICIDES