Tungsten oxide (WO3)

231.83800

231.93600

215-231-4

DTXSID7032262

Canary yellow, heavy powder; dark orange when heated, regaining the original color on cooling|Yellow, rhombic crystals, or yellow-orange powder

2825901200

51.21000

-0.35640

Yellow powder

7.2 g/cm³

1472 °C

~1700ºC

H2O: insoluble ;SLIGHTLY SOL IN HYDROFLUORIC ACID

Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from incompatible substances. Keep containers tightly closed.

NONH for all modes of transport

-

R22; R36/37/38

S26-S36-S37/39

YO7760000

Xn

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, P501

H302

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

THE REACTION OF LITHIUM & TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE OCCURS AT ABOUT 200 °C WITH CONSEQUENT TEMPERATURE RISE TO 1030 °C.|Can react violently with /chlorofluorine, lithium, chlorine/.|THE REACTION BETWEEN TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE & CHLORINE TRIFLUORIDE IS ACCOMPANIED BY INCANDESCENCE.

A REVIEW WITH MANY REFERENCES ON THE METABOLISM & TOXICITY OF TUNGSTEN.[KAZANTZIS G; TOXICOLOGY OF METALS. TUNGSTEN; USEPA OFF RES DEV (REP) EPA EPA-600/1-77-022 TOXICOL MET VOL 2 PB-268 324 442 (1977)]

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 756 companies from 10 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P301+P312, P330, and P501

VENTILATION CONTROL: ONE OF THE MOST IMPORTANT ENGINEERING CONTROL MEASURES IS VENTILATION- EITHER GENERAL OR LOCAL EXHAUST. /TUNGSTEN/|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 5 mg/cu m. /Tungsten/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 15 Min Short-Term Exposure Limit: 3 mg/cu m. /Tungsten and insoluble compounds, as W/

In February 1976, the avg concn of particle-born tungsten in stack gases of two coal-burning units at a western state power plant ranged from 2.0 to 23.2 ug/cu m(1); the avg concn of tungsten born by particles in the power plant plume ranged from 0.0050 to 0.019 ug/cu m(1). Gases from three different municipal waste deposits in British Columbia, Canada were sampled and analyzed for volatile tungsten compounds, such as tungsten carbonyls (e.g., W(CO)4)(2). At these locations, volatile tungsten compounds were found in concns ranging from 0.005-0.01 ug of W per cu m(2).

ONLY VERY SMALL CONCN OF TUNGSTEN...IN ATMOSPHERE...RELATED TO INDUST EMISSIONS OR...NUCLEAR FALLOUT. LEVELS...USUALLY...LESS THAN 1.5 NG/CU M IN AIR. ...ISOTOPES...PRODUCED IN NUCLEAR EXPLOSIONS ON SOME OCCASIONS IN LARGE AMT. THESE...WIDELY DISTRIBUTED IN ENVIRONMENT PRIMARILY AS TUNGSTIC OXIDE.

In 1980, the concn of tungsten in municipal sewage sludges from 23 US cites ranged from 0.65-140 ppm dry wt(1). The mean concn of tungsten in sewage sludges from US cites was 19.4 mg/kg, dry wt (samples=16; range, 0.9-99.6 mg/kg, dry wt)(2). In Iowa, the mean concn of tungsten in sewage sludges was 4.3 mg/kg (samples=44; range, 0.5-62 mg/kg)(2). The concn of tungsten in incinerator ash from the Barcelona (Spain) Urban Waste Incinerator plant ranged from 5-21 ug/g(3).

One of rarer metals, comprises about 1.5 ppm of earth's crust. Chief ores are wolframite and scheelite. Found chiefly in China, Malaya, Mexico, Alaska, South America and Portugal. Scheelite ores mined in US...0.4-1.0% WO3.

The production and use of tungsten compounds as cutting tools, abrasion resistant surfaces, and forming tools (e.g., tungsten carbide); filaments (e.g., tungsten metal and alloys); catalysts (e.g., tungsten oxides, sulfides, and heteropoly complexes); thin films (e.g., tungsten disulfide); and dyes and pigments (e.g., organic tungsten)(1) may result in the release of tungsten to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Tungsten may be released to soil as a contaminate in phosphate fertilizers and manure(2,3). Only small concns of tungsten have been released into the atmosphere primarily by industrial emissions and nuclear fall-out(4).

ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Most tungsten compounds have low pressures at 25 °C and are expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase tungsten compounds may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition. (SRC)

Tungsten exists in several oxidation states, 0, 2+, 3+, 4+, 5+, and 6+(1,2). The most stable is 6+ with the lower states being relatively unstable(2). Tungsten exist as ions in combination with one or more elements, e.g., oxygen(1). Tungsten in natural waters is in the form of tungstate (i.e., WO4- 2) and other tungsten polyanions(3). There are no reports of tungsten organic complexes(3). Bivalent tungsten exists only as halogen compounds(1). Tungsten has a strong tendency to form complexes exemplified by a large series of heteropoly acids formed with oxides of phosphorus, arsenic, vanadium, and silicon, among others (e.g., phosphotungstic acid)(2). In addition, compounds of tungsten exist in which tungsten occurs in more than one valence state(2). Tungsten forms a series of oxyhalides (e.g., WOCl4, WO2Cl2, and WOBr4)(2).

Tungsten compounds are expected to exist as ions or insoluble solids in the environment(1) and therefore volatilization from moist soil and water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Tungsten compounds are not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces based upon their ionic character and low vapor pressures(SRC).

LARGE AMT OF DUST...RELEASED FROM CRUSHING AND MILLING OF ORES... IN LOADING AND EMPTYING FROM FURNACES OF GRAPHITE BOATS... DUST MAY BE PRODUCED DURING MIXING OF COMPONENTS AND ALSO IN SHAPING AND GRINDING OF PRODUCTS.

RATS WERE FED FOR A PERIOD OF 100 DAYS ON DIETS IN WHICH TUNGSTEN HAD BEEN INCORPORATED EITHER AS THE FINELY GROUND METAL, TUNGSTEN OXIDE, SODIUM TUNGSTATE OR AS AMMONIUM PARATUNGSTATE. THE PRINCIPAL SITES OF DEPOSITION WERE BONE & SPLEEN WITH TRACE QUANTITIES (LESS THAN 1.0 MG% AS SPECIFIED BY AUTHORS) IN KIDNEY & LIVER, & IN SOME ANIMALS IN BLOOD, LUNG, MUSCLE & TESTES. NO MARKED DIFFERENCE IN DISTRIBUTION OF TUNGSTEN WAS FOUND WITH THE DIFFERENT COMPD INGESTED.|...IN ANIMAL EXPERIMENTS, MUCH OF THE ABSORBED TUNGSTEN IS RAPIDLY EXCRETED IN THE URINE. ... THE RATE OF DECR IN BLOOD ACTIVITY FOLLOWING INHALATION OF TUNGSTIC OXIDE AEROSOL WAS SLOWER THAN THAT FOR INJECTED SODIUM TUNGSTATE, BUT THIS COULD BE ACCOUNTED FOR BY ACTIVITY ENTERING THE BLOOD FROM THE LUNG & THE GUT OVER AN EXTENDED PERIOD AFTER EXPOSURE.|...DIETARY METABOLIC STUDY IN RATS MADE ON TUNGSTIC OXIDE...EQUIVALENT TO 0.1% W...REVEALED AFTER 100 DAYS ON THE DIETS THAT BONE & SPLEEN RETAINED THE MOST W; CONCENTRATIONS AVERAGED 115 & 75 PPM... LESS THAN 10 PPM WAS PRESENT IN LIVER, KIDNEY, & SKIN. BLOOD, LUNG, TESTES, & MUSCLE SHOWED TRACES OF W IN OCCASIONAL INSTANCES. EXCEPT FOR A SINGLE INSTANCE IN EACH ORGAN, THE HEART, & UTERUS WERE FREE OF W...|RATS...FED...100 DAYS ON DIETS IN WHICH TUNGSTEN...AS FINELY GROUND METAL, /OR/ TUNGSTEN OXIDE... PRINCIPLE SITES OF DEPOSITION WERE BONE & SPLEEN WITH TRACE QUANTITIES (LESS THAN 1.0 MG %...) IN KIDNEY & LIVER & IN SOME ANIMALS IN BLOOD, LUNG, MUSCLE & TESTES.|IN RAT FOLLOWING INGESTION OF (185)W 40% OF DOSE...EXCRETED IN URINE AFTER 24 HR & ABOUT 58%...ELIMINATED IN FECES OR HAD REMAINED UNABSORBED IN GUT WITH ONLY 2% REMAINING IN TISSUES. ... FOLLOWING INHALATION OF A (181)W-LABELLED TUNGSTIC OXIDE AEROSOL BY BEAGLE DOGS, 60% OF INHALED ACTIVITY WAS DEPOSITED IN RESP TRACT.

THE METABOLISM OF TUNGSTIC OXIDE FOLLOWING INHALATION HAS BEEN DETERMINED IN DOGS BY THE USE OF RADIOLABELED (181)WO3. AFTER INHALATION OF (181)WO3 MIST OF 98 UCI/ML SPECIFIC ACTIVITY FOR 6 HR, 1.9 TO 8.0 UCI WAS DEPOSITED IN THE RESP TRACT, 60% OF WHICH WAS IN THE LOWER PART OF THE TRACT. ...ABOUT 69% OF THE ACTIVITY WAS LOST, WITH A BIOLOGIC T/2 OF 4 HR, NEXT 23% WITH T/2 OF 20 HR, 4.6% MORE WITH T/2 OF 6.3 DAYS, & 3% WITH T/2 OF 100 DAYS.|/IN DOGS FOLLOWING INHALATION OF (181)WO3 98 UCI/ML SPECIFIC ACTIVITY FOR 6 HR/ MEASUREMENTS MADE ON THE LOWER HALF OF THE BODY SHOWED...94% HAD A T/2 OF 9 HR & 4.1% A T/2 OF 6.3 DAYS, WITH THE REMAINING 1.6% OF THE RADIOACTIVITY WITH A T/2 OF 139 DAYS. RADIOACTIVITY WAS LOST RAPIDLY FROM THE BLOOD. ...THE LUNGS & KIDNEYS RETAINED MAXIMAL RADIOACTIVITY; OTHER TISSUES CONTAINED ONLY ABOUT 10% AS MUCH AS THESE ORGANS. IN TERMS OF TOTAL BODY BURDEN OF RADIOACTIVITY, MOST WAS FOUND IN THE SKELETON (37%), LUNGS (31%), KIDNEYS (15%), LIVER (9.7%), & SKELETAL MUSCLE (5.7%).|INHALED TUNGSTIC OXIDE IN DOGS REMOVED WITH BIOL T/2 OF LITTLE LESS THAN 9 HR FOR 94% OF ACTIVITY IN VISCERAL AREA WITH LONGEST T/2 OF 139 DAYS FOR 1.6% ACTIVITY.

Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poison A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in respiratory arrest. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start an IV with D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Watch for signs of fluid overload. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poison A and B/

tungsten oxide

All other basic inorganic chemical manufacturing|Tungsten oxide (WO3): ACTIVE|TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE-TITANIUM DIOXIDE CATALYST USED FOR THE REDUCTION OF NITROGEN OXIDES IN FLUE GAS TREATMENT.|AS CATALYST. NITROGEN OXIDES PRESENT IN EXHAUSTS OR IN INDUSTRIAL WASTE GASES ARE REDUCED BY PASSAGE OVER A CATALYST MASS CONTAINING IRON & TUNGSTEN OXIDES IN THE ATOMIC RATIO IRON:TUNGSTEN OF 1.0:0.005-0.8.|X-RAY CONTRAST MEDIA COMPRISE 10-50% TANTALUM, HAFNIUM, TUNGSTEN, ONE OF THEIR PURE OXIDES OR INSOL SALTS, OR A PARTIALLY PURIFIED ORE CONTAINING GREATER THAN OR EQUAL TO 1 OF THESE SUBSTANCES, & A VISCOUS LIQ CARRIER. THESE COMPOSITIONS CAN BE PREPD EASILY WITHOUT SPECIALIZED APPARATUS, SHOW A HIGH AFFINITY FOR X-RAY, & CAN BE USED WITH CONVENTIONAL X-RAY APPARATUS.

NIOSH Method 7074. Determination of Tungsten by Flame Atomic Absorption. This method is applicable to air samples. Detection limit = 0.100 mg/cu m (insoluble). Detection limit = 0.050 mg/cu m (soluble).|PHOTOMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING TUNGSTEN & ITS COMPD IN AIR.|ANALYTE: TUNGSTEN; MATRIX: AIR; RANGE: 5-2000 UG/CU M; PROCEDURE: FILTER COLLECTION, ACID DIGESTION, ICP-AES ANALYSIS. /TUNGSTEN/|ANALYTE: SOLUBLE & INSOLUBLE PARTICULATE TUNGSTEN & COMPOUNDS (AS W); MATRIX: AIR; RANGE: 0.14 TO 6.8 MG/CU M FOR SOL TUNGSTEN; 0.35 TO 17.4 MG/CU M FOR INSOL TUNGSTEN (FOR A 0.72 CU M SAMPLE); PROCEDURE: MEMBRANE FILTER COLLECTION FOR SOL TUNGSTEN, ACID ASH FOR INSOL TUNGSTEN, FLAME AAS ANALYSIS. /PARTICULATE TUNGSTEN & COMPD/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for TUNGSTEN TRIOXIDE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.