Diphenyl ether

170.21

170.21

1364620

202-981-2

3O695R5M1U

0791

174083|19311

3077

DTXSID9021847

Colorless crystals or liquid|Colorless, crystalline solid or liquid (above 82 degrees F)

2902909090

9.2

4.2

Diphenyl oxide appears as colorless liquid with a mild pleasant odor. May float or sink in water. Freezing point is 81°F. (USCG, 1999)

1.08 g/cm³

28 °C

259 °C

>230 °F

1.5795-1.5815

H2O: insoluble ;alcohol: soluble (lit.)

2-8°C

<1 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

>5.86 (25 °C, vs air)

Oral-Rat LD50: 3370 mg/kg

Combustible in case of open flame, high temperature, strong oxidant; burning emits irritating smoke

0.8-1.5%(V)

Geranium-like odor

9.60e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

Henry's law constant = 2.8X10-4 atm cu m/mole at 25 °C (est)

pK(BH+) = 5.79 at 25 °C /negative logarithm of ionization constant of protonated base/

UNPLEASANT & PUNGENT ODOR. ...ATMOSPHERIC CONCN BETWEEN 0.1 & 1 PPM CAN...BE DETECTED BY SMELL, WHICH IS A USEFUL WARNING PROPERTY. /DOWTHERM/|Heat of fusion = 4.115 kcal/mol|Liquid molar volume = 0.160758 cu m/kmol|Heat of formation = 4.4300X10+7 J/kmol|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for DIPHENYL ETHER (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Insoluble in water.

Ethers

DIPHENYL OXIDE can react with oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992). A vigorous reaction occurred between the ether and chlorosulfuric acid.

1148 °F (USCG, 1999)|1144 °F (618 °C).|610 °C

-1466.63 kcal/mol at 25 °C

8.09 eV

Lower flammable limit: 0.7% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 6.0% by volume|Flammability limits = 0.8 to 1.5 vol%|Combustible Solid Class IIIB Combustible Liquid: Fl.P. at or above 200°F.

15.99 kcal/mol at 25 °C

Critical temperature = 763.00 deg K; Critical pressure = 3.1300X10+6 Pa

Ⅲ

9

UN 3077 9/PG 3

2

51/53-36/37/38-39/23/24/25-23/24/25-36/38-36

60-61-57-37/39-26-45-36/37

KN8970000

N,Xi,T

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

Explosive when mixed with air

Stable under recommended storage conditions.

P273-P305 + P351 + P338

H319-H411

SRP: Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in air, soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations. If it is possible or reasonable use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination.|Product: Offer surplus and non-recyclable solutions to a licensed disposal company. Contact a licensed professional waste disposal service to dispose of this material. Contaminated packaging: Dispose of as unused product.|Dissolve or mix the material with a combustible solvent and burn in a chemical incinerator equipped with an afterburner and scrubber. All federal, state, and local environmental regulations must be observed.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

Incompatible materials: Strong oxidizing agents.|Strong oxidizers may cause fires and explosions. Attacks some plastics, rubber, and coatings.|Strong oxidizers. /Vapor/

This chemical is combustible. (NTP, 1992)|Combustible.

|Warning|H319 (81.41%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 2217 companies from 39 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H319: Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|H303: May be harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P305+P351+P338, P312, P332+P313, and P337+P313|H400: Very toxic to aquatic life [Warning Hazardous to the aquatic environment, acute hazard]|P273, P391, and P501

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with alcohol followed by washing with a strong soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical under refrigerated temperatures, and keep it away from oxidizing materials. (NTP, 1992)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: No recommendation is made specifying the need for the worker to change clothing after the work shift. (NIOSH, 2016)|Goggles or face shield; rubber gloves.|Eye/face protection: Safety glasses with side-shields conforming to EN166. Use equipment for eye protection tested and approved under appropriate government standards such as NIOSH (US) or EN 166(EU).|Skin protection: Handle with gloves.|Body Protection: Impervious clothing. The type of protective equipment must be selected according to the concentration and amount of the dangerous substance at the specific workplace.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for DIPHENYL ETHER (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Combustible when exposed to heat or flame.

Moderate when exposed to heat or flame...|Explosive limits , vol% in air: 0.8-15

Suitable extinguishing media: Use water spray, alcohol-resistant foam, dry chemical or carbon dioxide.|Advice for firefighters: Wear self-contained breathing apparatus for firefighting if necessary.|If material involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible.|Dry chemical, carbon dioxide. Water or foam may cause frothing.

Accidental release measures: Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency procedures: Use personal protective equipment. Avoid dust formation. Avoid breathing vapors, mist or gas. Ensure adequate ventilation. Avoid breathing dust.; Environmental precautions: Prevent further leakage or spillage if safe to do so. Do not let product enter drains. Discharge into the environment must be avoided.; Methods and materials for containment and cleaning up: Pick up and arrange disposal without creating dust. Sweep up and shovel. Keep in suitable, closed containers for disposal.

Precautions for safe handling: Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Further processing of solid materials may result in the formation of combustible dusts. The potential for combustible dust formation should be taken into consideration before additional processing occurs. Provide appropriate exhaust ventilation at places where dust is formed.|Appropriate engineering controls: Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practice. Wash hands before breaks and at the end of workday.|Gloves must be inspected prior to use. Use proper glove removal technique (without touching glove's outer surface) to avoid skin contact with this product. Dispose of contaminated gloves after use in accordance with applicable laws and good laboratory practices. Wash and dry hands.|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for DIPHENYL ETHER (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Inhalation may cause irritation of eyes, skin, and respiratory system.|Contact of liquid with eyes causes mild irritation. Prolonged exposure of skin to liquid causes reddening and irritation.|A skin and eye irritant.

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 ppm (7 mg/cu m). /Vapor/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hour Time-Weighted Average: 1 ppm (7 mg/cu m). /Vapor/

Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Collect leaking and spilled liquid in sealable containers as far as possible. Absorb remaining liquid in sand or inert absorbent. If solid: sweep spilled substance into containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants. Store in an area without drain or sewer access. Provision to contain effluent from fire extinguishing.

A harmful contamination of the air will not or will only very slowly be reached on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is mildly irritating to the eyes, skin and upper respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis.

NO open flames.

Use ventilation. Use local exhaust.

Protective gloves.

Wear safety spectacles.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. Diphenyl oxide is produced, as an intermediate or a final product, by process units covered under this subpart.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 1 - Materials that must be preheated before ignition can occur. Materials require considerable preheating, under all ambient temperature conditions, before ignition and combustion can occur.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Diphenyl ether has been detected at concentrations > 100 ppb in 1 of 63 effluents collected from chemical manufacturing plants across the US(1). Wastewater samples collected from a small specialty chemicals manufacturing plant on the Pawtuxet River (RI) during 1975 and 1976 contained diphenyl ether concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 0.20 ppm(2,3). In Delaware diphenyl ether was present in digested and dewatered sludge obtained from a Georgetown WWTP in July 2000 at trace amounts and in digested and dewatered sludge obtained from a Willmington WWTP October 2002 at concentration of 99.6 ug/g(4). Diphenyl ether has been identified in advanced waste water treatment facility samples collected from Orange County, CA (Jan-Feb 1976)(5).|Diphenyl ether was listed as 57 of the 99 most frequently detected compounds at US hazardous waste sites monitored for 2 years prior to 1989(1). The compound has been detected in wastewater effluents from municipal waste water treatment facilities(2,3), textile finishing plants(4), organic chemical and plastic manufacturing plants, soap and detergent facilities, and electronic facilities(5). Diphenyl ether is reportedly released to the atmosphere in emissions from combustion, phthalic anhydride manufacture, and turbine engines(6). The detection of diphenyl ether in river water samples adjacent to hazardous waste disposal areas in Niagara Falls, NY indicates that leaching is a source of environmental contamination(7). Possible sources of release to environmental waters include spent heat exchange chemicals and byproduct from phenol manufacture(8).

INDOOR: Diphenyl ether was identified at a concentration of 9.24 ng/cu m in 24hr total suspended particulate matter samples collected from the Lanyuan Hotel, Xigu District in Lanzhou City, China in March 2003(1).

Diphenyl ether has been reported as one of the top 99 most frequently detected chemicals at hazardous waste sites from data collected for 2 years and complied in 1989(1). Diphenyl ether has been qualitatively detected in organic material from advanced waste water treatment facility samples collected from Orange County, CA (Jan-Feb 1976)(2).

moderately toxic

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Diphenyl ether exists as a colorless crystalline solid or liquid with a unpleasant odor. It is insoluble in water and soluble in ether, benzene and acetic acid. The odor is extremely unpleasant. It is used in large quantities in soap perfumes and its main application is as a heat transfer medium (eutectic mixture with diphenyl) and as a chemical intermediate for reactions such as halogenation, acylation, alkylation; it is also used as a dye carrier. Employed as a processing aid in the production of polyesters. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: Contact with a commercial product containing diphenyl ether has caused burning of the eyes, irritation of the respiratory tract, and severe nausea along with skin irritation. Oral exposure to a commercial product containing this chemical has caused severe degenerative changes in the liver and kidney. Prolonged exposure of skin to liquid causes reddening and irritation. Occupational exposure to diphenyl ether occurs through dermal contact and inhalation of vapor. Its use in various soap, detergent, creams, lotion, and perfume formulations results in general population exposure through inhalation and dermal contact. Diphenyl ether was detected in collected composite adipose tissue. ANIMAL STUDIES: In acute oral exposures of diphenyl ether to rats, injury to the liver, spleen, kidney, thyroid and intestinal tract was observed. Undiluted diphenyl ether is irritating to rabbit skin. Erythema and exfoliation of skin was noted.

LD50 Rat oral 2830 mg/kg body weight (95% confidence limits 2490-3210 mg/kg).|LD50 Rat oral 3.99 g/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 4.0 g/kg (total mortality)|LD50 Guinea pig oral 1.0 g/kg (total survival)

Diphenyl ether reportedly occurs in lemon balm oil(1).

Diphenyl ether's production and use in perfumery, particularly soaps, heat-transfer medium resins for laminated electrical insulation and as a chemical intermediate(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Approximately 67% is used in making heat-transfer fluids; approximately 100,000 lbs used annually in fragrance products(2).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 1950(2), indicates that diphenyl ether is expected to have low mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of diphenyl ether from moist soil surfaces may be an important fate process(SRC) given its Henry's Law constant estimated as 2.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 2.25X10-2 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 18 mg/L(4). Diphenyl ether is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 2.25X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(3). A 6.3% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), a Koc value of 1950(2), indicates that diphenyl ether is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces may be expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.25X10-2 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 18 mg/L(5). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4 hours and 6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(6), experimental BCF values of 195, 470 and 590, suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC). A 6.3% of theoretical BOD using activated sludge in the Japanese MITI test(5) suggests that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), diphenyl ether, which has a vapor pressure of 2.25X10-2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase diphenyl ether is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 3 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 9.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Diphenyl ether contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of diphenyl ether with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 9.8X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Diphenyl ether is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(3). Diphenyl ether contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

316.23|Using a 4-day exposure period, a diphenyl ether steady-state BCF of 195 was measured in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)(1). A steady-state BCF of 470 has also been reported for rainbow trout after 7 day exposure period at 16 ug/L(2). Using a 4-day exposure period a BCF of 590 was measured in rainbow trout(3). BCF ranges of 112-583 and 49-594 were calculated using carp (Cyprinus carpio) which were exposed to 0.3 and 0.03 ppm, respectively, over an 8-week period(4). According to a classification scheme(5), these data suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is moderate to high(SRC).

1.95e+03 L/kg|A Koc of 1950 for diphenyl ether can be determined(SRC) from a measured soil/water partition coefficient (Kd) of 12.4 in an Australian soil (organic matter content of 1.09%)(1). A log Koc of 3.29 has been reported(2), corresponding to a Koc of 1949(SRC). According to a classification scheme(3), these Koc values suggest that diphenyl ether is expected to have low mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for diphenyl ether is estimated as 2.8X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.25X10-2 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 18 mg/L(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that diphenyl ether is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6 days(SRC). Diphenyl ether's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). Diphenyl ether is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure of 2.25X10-2 mm Hg(1).

GROUNDWATER: Diphenyl ether concns as high as 1 ug/L have been detected in ground waters sampled in the Netherlands (dates and sites not reported)(1).|DRINKING WATER: Diphenyl ether has been qualitatively detected in drinking water samples collected from Cincinnati, OH (Jan 1980), Miami, FL (Feb 1976), and Philadelphia, PA (Feb 1976). Diphenyl ether levels of 3 ng/L have been reported for tap water samples collected in Oct 1973 in Switzerland(2).|SURFACE WATER: Diphenyl ether has been identified in water samples collected from the River Lee in Great Britain at concentrations >0.1 ug/L(1). Surface water samples collected from the Pawtuxet River (RI) during 1975 and 1976 near a small specialty chemicals manufacturing plant contained diphenyl ether concentrations ranging from 0.0002 to 0.005 ppm(2,3). Diphenyl ether concentrations of 48 ng/L (in surface samples) and 8 ng/L (30-m depth) have been reported for Lake Zurich samples collected in Oct 1973(4,5). Diphenyl ether has been detected at concentrations below 10 ppb in samples collected from the St. Clair River, Kanawha River, and the Ohio River(6).

Diphenyl ether has been qualitatively detected in the volatile aroma components of roasted beef(1).

According to the 2012 TSCA Inventory Update Reporting data, 6 reporting facilities estimate the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed during the manufacturing, processing, or use of diphenyl ether in the United States may be as low as 50 workers and as high as 99 workers per plant; the data may be greatly underestimated due to confidential business information (CBI) or unknown values(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 90,789 workers (33,945 of these are female) were potentially exposed to diphenyl ether in the US(1). Occupational exposure to diphenyl ether may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where diphenyl ether is produced or used. The most likely pathway by which the general public is exposed to diphenyl ether is by inhalation and dermal contact due to it's use as a fragrance in soaps, detergents, creams, lotions, and perfumes(SRC).

As part of the USEPA's National Human Adipose Tissue Survey (NHATS), diphenyl ether was detected in 40 of 44 composite adipose tissue collected for fiscal year 1982(1).

The absorption of diphenyl ether after oral uptake is up to 90% in rats and rabbits and is independent of the administered dose. The data on dermal absorption are somewhat conflicting. After semi-occlusive application of 10-1,000 mg/kg to the clipped skin of rats, almost 20% of the dose was absorbed as measured by the amount excreted in urine. However, in a diffusion experiment only 0.3% (rat skin) or 0.2% (human skin) of diphenyl ether penetrated the skin in vitro. The higher absorption in the in vivo experiment may have been caused by the vehicle (diethyl phthalate) and some oral uptake after removal of the occlusion plaster.|After intraperitoneal injection in rats, diphenyl ether was distributed into all organs and tissues within 1 hour with maximum concentrations in liver, lung, kidney and spleen.|... Phenyl ether, when injected into the rabbit, was excreted in the urine as p-hydroxyphenyl phenyl ether and none was excreted as the unchanged ether. /Route not specified/

... In the rabbit no cleavage of the ether linkage /of phenyl ether/ occurs. The major metabolite was the p-hydroxylated ether, which is excreted both unconjugated (15%) and conjugated with glucuronic acid (63%) and sulfuric acid (12%). Another metabolite was also isolated from the rabbit urine and fairly well identified as di(p-hydroxyphenyl) ether.|Subcellular fractions of trout liver homogenate metab diphenyl ether mainly to 4 hydroxy derivates with traces of other compounds including 3 hydroxy derivates and possibly 4,4'-dihydroxy derivates.|The bacterium Sphingomonas sp strain SS3, which utilizes diphenyl ether as source of carbon and energy, was enriched from soil samples of an industrial waste deposit. During diphenyl ether degradation in batch culture experiments, phenol and catechol were produced as intermediates which were then channeled into the 3-oxoadipate pathway. The initial step in the degradation follows the recently discovered mechanism of 1,2-dioxygenation, which yields unstable phenolic hemiacetals from diphenyl ether structures.|Screening of selected fungi proved Cunninghamella echinulata most suitable for research on hydroxylation of biphenyl oxide. The process depended on cultivation conditions and yielded up to 76% 4-hydroxybiphenyl oxide and about 6% 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl oxide.

0.81 Days

Inhalation may cause nausea because of disagreeable odor. Contact of liquid with eyes causes mild irritation. Prolonged exposure of skin to liquid causes reddening and irritation. Ingestion produces nausea. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

Rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible).

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Ethers and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Provide a low-stimulus environment. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Treat frostbite by rapid rewarming ... . /Ethers and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orortracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Ethers and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Diphenyl oxide was evaluated for sensitization in humans following the Maximization Test. The test material was mixed into petrolatum N.F. at 4% concentration. The test material was applied to the same forearm sites under occlusion for five alternate-day 48-hour periods. Each application of the test material was preceded by treatment of the patch site with 5% aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate under occlusion. Following a ten day rest period challenge patches of the test material were applied to fresh sites on the scapular backs under occlusion for 48 hours. The challenge sites were pretreated for one hour with 10% aqueous sodium lauryl sulfate. Clinical evaluations were made at 48 and 72 hours. Diphenyl oxide did not produce any cases of contact allergy.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation exposure of subjects to 7-10 ppm (50-71 mg/cu m) of an eutectic mixture of biphenyl and diphenyl ether produced a strong emetic effect and irritation. The emetic response is presumably due to the presence of biphenyl because short-term exposure to 5 ppm of perfume-grade diphenyl ether (99.9 % pure) was "well tolerated".|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Acute intoxication /by Dowtherm/ is possible from accidental ingestion, resulting in severe degenerative lesions in liver & kidneys, which are irreversible if dose is very large. /Dowtherm/|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ /Diphenyl ether/ does not present an appreciable hazard to health as ordinarily used.|/OTHER TOXICITY INFORMATION/ Some experiments on materials that consisted largely of /diphenyl ether/ have indicated that vapor concentrations that can occur at ordinary room temperatures present no hazard of systemic injury. ... Such concentrations are quite low because of the lower vapor pressure of the material ... and such concentrations have an odor that may be disagreeable.

diphenyl ether

inhalation, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, nose, skin; nausea

Sore throat. Cough.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

Approximately 67% is used in making heat-transfer fluids; approximately 100,000 lbs used annually in fragrance products

Grades: technical; perfume; industrial.|Usual concns in final products: soap, 0.05%; detergent, 0.005%; creams, lotions, 0.05%; perfume, 0.15%|Eutectic heat-transfer mixture composed of 73.5% diphenyl oxide and 26.5% biphenyl...marketed under product names Dowtherm A (Dow Chemical), Therminol VP-1 (Monsanto), Thermex (Imperial Chem), Therm S-300 (Nippon Steel Chemical), Diphyl (Bayer), and Gilotherm (Progil)

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|Benzene, 1,1'-oxybis-: ACTIVE

Method: NIOSH 1617, Issue 1; Procedure: gas chromatography with flame ionization detector; Analyte: phenyl ether; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.7 ug/sample.|Method: OSHA PV2022; Procedure: gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector; Analyte: diphenyl ether; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: not provided.|EAD Methods 1625-BNW, 1625-S, Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Isotope Dilution GCMS. Capillary GC/MS, detection limit 10 ug/L (water), 12 ug/kg (soil)|Method: EPA-EAD 1625; Procedure: gas chromatography/mass spectrometry; Analyte: diphenyl ether; Matrix: water; Detection Limit: 10 ug/L.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Fragrances|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index

Flavoring Agents