Sodium tetraborate

201.22

201.981171

215-540-4

8191EN8ZMD

1229

DTXSID2034388

Colorless glassy solid; hygroscopic|Light grey, vitreous granules|White to gray powder; becomes opaque on exposure to air

28401100

92.27000

-2.10280

White Solid

2.367 g/cm³

741 °C

1575°C

1575°C

1.501

H2O: 26 g/L (20 ºC)

Store at +5°C to +30°C.

Negligible at 20 °C

Odorless

pH = 9.3 at 20 °C (3% solution)

Heat of formation (glass): -32566 MJ/mol; heat of formation (alpha crystalline form): -3.2767 MJ/mol; heat of solution: -213.8 kJ/kg; heat of fusion: 81.2 kJ/mol|Molar heat capacity: 186.8 J/K mol at 25 °C|White, free-flowing crystals, hygroscopic; forms partial hydrate in damp air; mp: 741 °C; density: 2.367; slightly soluble in cold water /Anhydrous sodium tetraborate/|Hygroscopic

Noncombustible Solid

Solutions are not a corrosion hazard to ferrous metals

UN 1760 8/PG 2

1

62-63-36/38-36/37/38-61-60

36/37-24/25-26-36-23-45-53

ED4588000

Xn,Xi,T

Stable. Incompatible with powdered metals.

P201-P280-P305 + P351 + P338-P308 + P313

H319-H360FD

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Incompatible with alkaloidol salts, mercuric chloride, zinc sulfate, and other metallic salts.|Moisture [Note: Forms partial hydrate in moist air].

USEPA/OWRS; Quality Criteria for Water 1986 Boron (1986) EPA 440/5-86-001

Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H360 (100%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]|P201, P202, P281, P308+P313, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 75 companies from 5 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|H360FD: May damage fertility; May damage the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]|H320: Causes eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P281, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P307+P311, P308+P313, P312, P314, P321, P337+P313, P403+P233, P405, and P501

In case of fire in the surroundings, use appropriate extinguishing media.

Protective gloves.|Wear goggles or face shield when handling|(See protection codes)

Noncombustible

Sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. (Extra personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles). /table/

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should wash daily at the end of each work shift.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.

... Acute irritant effects when in contact with ... mucous membranes of eyes ... /Borates, tetra, Sodium salts/|... May produce irritation of the nasal mucous membranes, the respiratory tract, and eyes. /Boron compounds/

Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states. /Borates, tetra, sodium salts/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted avg: 1 mg/cu m.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Dry. Well closed.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly , especially if powdered.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system and kidneys. This may result in impaired functions.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the upper respiratory tract and testes. Animal tests show that this substance possibly causes toxicity to human reproduction or development.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

The acute oral LD50 in rats is 4500-5000 mg/kg and the intradermal LD50 in rabbits is 10,000 mg/kg. Individuals are likely to be exposed to boric acid from industrial manufacturing or processing. Local tissue injury from boric acid exposure is likely due to caustic effects. Systemic effects from boric acid poisoning usually occur from multiple exposures over a period of days and involve gastrointestinal, dermal, CNS, and renal manifestations. Gastrointestinal toxicity include persistent nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, epigastric pain, hematemesis, and blue-green discoloration of the feces and vomit. Following the onset of GI symptoms, a characteristic intense generalized erythroderma follows. Management of mild to moderate toxicity should be supportive. In case of severe toxicity, dialysis may be required in addition to supportive treatment.

LD50 Rabbit dermal >1055 mg/kg|LD50 Rat oral 2660 mg/kg bw|LC50 Rat inhalation >2 mg/cu m/4 hr.

/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Acute toxicity evaluations of waterborne sodium tetraborate resulted in 48 hr LC50 values of 141 and 1376 mg boron for neonate Daphnia magna and fourth instar Chironomus decorus, respectively. Chronic sublethal studies demonstrated a significant decrease in C. decorus growth rate at 20 mg B/L. Further studies showed that increasing water hardness (10.6 to 170 mg/L as CaCo3) and sulfate (10.2 to 323.4 mg SO4-2/L) concentrations did not affect boron toxicity to D. magna. These results, in conjunction with a review of the literature, suggest that aquatic macrophytes may be more sensitive to boron than macroinvertebrates...|/AQUATIC SPECIES/ Laboratory studies were undertaken to evaluate the toxicity of waterborne boron to two key freshwater macroinvertebrates and to evaluate the effects of water hardness and sulfate on boron toxicity. Acute toxicity evaluations of waterborne sodium tetraborate resulted in 48 hr LC50 values of 141 and 1376 mg B/L for neonate Daphnia magna and fourth instar Chironomus decorus, respectively. Chronic sublethal studies demonstrated a significant decrease in C. decorus growth rate at 20 mg B/L. Further studies showed that increasing water hardness (10.6 to 170 mg/L as CaCO3) and sulfate (10.2 to 325.4 mg SO4(-2)/L) concentrations did not affect boron toxicity to D. magna.

No protein binding reported.

SODIUM TETRABORATE, Na2B4O7, USUALLY OCCURS AS BORAX, WHICH IS THE DECAHYDRATE MINERAL DEPOSITED BY EVAPORATION OF SALT LAKES IN TERTIARY PERIODS. IT IS ALSO MINED AS MINERALS COLEMANITE ... & KERNITE ...

Terrestrial Fate: Average persistence at recommended rates is one or more years, depending on soil type and rainfall. Less persistent in acid soils and in high rainfall areas.

Accumulates in the plant

Adsorbed by mineral portion of soil. Slowly leached.

Sodium borate and boric acid are used in various cosmetic products, including make-up, skin and hair care preparations, deodorants, moisturizing creams, breath fresheners, and shaving creams; concentrations may be up to 5%(1).

No FDA- or EMA-approved therapeutic indications on its own.

MEDICATION (VET): Has been used as antiseptic, detergent, astringent for mucous membrane|MEDICATION (VET): Has been used as an exptl growth promoter in poultry feeds.|/Exptl Ther:/ The in vivo spermicidal action of a pharmacological association consisting of 0.080 g of sodium tetraborate decahydrate, 0.075 g lactic acid, 0.020 g 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate, 0.005 g sodiopropionate, and hydrosoluble excipient 1820 g polyethylene glycol in the form of vaginal containers, has been investigated. The study is part of a more general investigation of alternative systems to the use of estro-progestins. The experimental scheme applied in the present study provided for the use of this association in 28 volunteer couples who were definitely fertile and during the pre- and postovulatory periods. A normal postcoital test was carried out on each, with samples taken from the posterior fornix and cervical canal using a speculum. The results showed that the preparation possesses profound spermicidal activity and is therefore considered a useful alternative to oral contraceptives. /Sodium tetraborate decahydrate/

Boric acid exhibits minimal bacteriostatic and antifungal activities. Boric acid is likely to mediate antifungal actions at high concentrations over prolonged exposures.

Boric acid is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, open wounds, and serous cavities but displays limited absorption in intact skin. Following intraperitoneal injection in mice, the peak concentration was reached in about 1.0-1.5 hr in the brain whereas the value was 0.5 hr in other tissues.|Regardless the route of administration, boric acid predominantly undergoes rapid renal excretion of >90% of total administered dose as unchanged form. Small amounts are also excreted into sweat, saliva, and feces. Following administration as ointment, urinary excretion of boric acid accounted for only 1% of the administered dose.|Volume of distribution ranges from 0.17 to 0.5 L/kg in humans, where large amounts of boric acid are localized in brain, liver, and kidney.|A case report of acute boric acid poisoning following oral ingestion of 21 g of boric acid presents the total body clearance of 0.99 L/h before hemodialysis.|The pharmacokinetics of boron was studied in rats by administering a 1 mL oral dose of sodium tetraborate solution to several groups of rats (n=20) at eleven different dose levels ranging from 0-0.4 mg/100 g bw as boron. Twenty-four-hour urine samples were collected after boron administration. After 24 hr the average urinary recovery rate for this element was 99.6-7.9. The relationship between boron dose and excretion was linear (r=0.999) with a regression coefficient of 0.954. This result suggests that the oral bioavailability (F) of boron was complete. Another group of rats (n=10) was given a single oral /intubation/ of 2 mL of sodium tetraborate solution containing 0.4 mg of boron/100 g bw. The serum decay of boron was followed and found to be monophasic. The data were interpreted according to a one-compartment open model. The appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated as follows: absorption half-life, t1/2a=0.608-0.432 hr; elimination half-life, t1/2=4.64-1.19 hr; volume of distribution, Vd=142.0-30.2 mL/100 g bw.; total clearance, Ctot=0.359 - 0.0285 mL/min/100 g bw. The maximum boron concentration in serum after administration (Cmax) was 2.13-0.270 mg/L, and the time needed to reach this maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.76-0.887 hr. ...Results suggest that orally administered boric acid is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream. Boric acid in the intravascular space does not have a strong affinity to serum proteins, and rapidly diffuses to the extravascular space in proportion to blood flow without massive accumulation or binding in tissues. The main route of boron excretion from the body is via glomerular filtration. It may be inferred that there is partial tubular resorption at low plasma levels.|/Ten/ rats (n=10) were given a single oral injection of 2 mL of sodium tetraborate solution containing 0.4 mg of boron/100 g bw. The serum decay of boron was followed and found to be monophasic. The data were interpreted according to a one-compartment open model. The appropriate pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated as follows: absorption half-life, t1/2a=0.608-0.432 hr; elimination half-life, t1/2=4.64-1.19 hr; volume of distribution, Vd=142.0-30.2 mL/100 g bw.; total clearance, Ctot=0.359 - 0.0285 mL/min/100 g bw. The maximum boron concentration in serum after administration (Cmax) was 2.13-0.270 mg/L, and the time needed to reach this maximum concentration (Tmax) was 1.76-0.887 hr. ...Results suggest that orally administered boric acid is rapidly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract into the blood stream. Boric acid in the intravascular space does not have a strong affinity to serum proteins, and rapidly diffuses to the extravascular space in proportion to blood flow without massive accumulation or binding in tissues. The main route of boron excretion from the body is via glomerular filtration. It may be inferred that there is partial tubular resorption at low plasma levels.|Excretion occurs primarily in the urine.

No metabolic pathways reported.

According to human cases of poisoning, the elimination half-life of boric acid ranges from 13 to 24 hours.

Information regarding the mechanism of action of boric acid in mediating its antibacterial or antifungal actions is limited. Boric acid inhibits biofilm formation and hyphal transformation of _Candida albicans_, which are critical virulence factors. In addition, arrest of fungal growth was observed with the treatment of boric acid.

(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest.

Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if nescessary. treat coma, seizures, hypotension, and renal failure if they occur. There is no specific antidote. Administer activated charcoal (although boric acid is not well absorbed). Consider gastric lavage for large ingestions. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/|Hemodialysis is effective and is indicated after massive ingestions and for supportive care of renal failure. Peritoneal dialysishas not proved effective in enhancing elimination in infants. /Boric acid, Borates, and Boron/|In acute poisonings, if a large amount has been ingested and the patient is seen within one hour of exposure, gastrointestinal decontamination should be considered ... .It is important to keep in mind that vomiting and diarrhea are common, and severe poisoning may be associated with seizures. Therefore induction of emesis by syrup of ipecac is probably contraindicated in these exposures. Catharsis is not indicated if diarrhea is present. /Boric acid and Borates/|If ingestion of borate has been massive (several grams), or has extended over several days, administer intravenous glucose and electrolyte solutions to sustain urinary excretion of borate. Monitor fluid balance and serum electrolytes (including bicarbonate capacity ) regularly. Monitor cardiac status by ECG. Test the urine for proteins and cells to detect renal injury, and monitor serum concentration of borate. Metabolic acidosis may be treated with sodium bicarbonate. If shock develops, it may be necessary to infuse plasma or whole blood. Administer oxygen continuously. If oliguria (less than 25 to 30 mL urine per hour) occurs, intravenous fluids must be slowed or stopped to avoid overloading the circulation. Such patients should be referred to a center capable of providing intensive care for critically ill patients. /Boric acid and Borates/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for SODIUM TETRABORATE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ This study (1) charted chemosensory feel, denoted chemesthesis here, to dusts of calcium oxide (1 to 5 mg/m(3)), sodium tetraborate pentahydrate [sodium borate] (5 to 40 mg/m(3)), and calcium sulfate (10 to 40 mg/m(3)); (2) examined correlates of the chemesthetic sensations; and (3) sought to illuminate the basis for potency. Twelve screened men exercised against a light load while they breathed air in a dome fed with controlled levels of dust for 20 min. Measured parameters included nasal resistance, nasal secretion, minute ventilation, heart rate, blood oxygenation, mucociliary transport time, and chemesthetic magnitude, calibrated to pungency of carbon dioxide. Subjects registered time-dependent feel from exposures principally in the nose, secondarily in the throat, and hardly in the eyes. Calcium oxide had the greatest potency, followed by sodium borate, with calcium sulfate a distant third. Of the physiological parameters, amount of secretion showed the best association with chemesthetic potency. That measure, as well as mucociliary transport time and minute ventilation, went into calculation of mass of dust dissolved into mucus. The calculations indicated that the two alkaline dusts increased in equal molar amounts with time. At equal molar concentrations, they had, to a first approximation, equal chemesthetic magnitude. On the basis of mass concentration in air or dissolved into mucus, calcium oxide and sodium borate differed in potency by a factor just above five, equal to the difference in their molecular weights.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptoms of poisoning: Nausea, diarrhea, rashes, CNS depression, and coma.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ An intravenous dose of 14-20 g of sodium borate was administered for the purposes of neutron capture therapy to 10 patients, who experienced immediate nausea, vomiting, defecation, and occasionally seizures and respiratory depression.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Inhalation: Cough, shortness of breath, sore throat, nose bleed. /from table/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for SODIUM TETRABORATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

disodium borate, heptahydrate

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, skin, upper respiratory system; dermatitis; epistaxis (nosebleed); cough, dyspnea (breathing difficulty)

Cough. Sore throat. Shortness of breath.

Redness.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system

FIBERGLASS INSULATION, 43%; GLASS ADDITIVE, 18%; PORCELAIN ENAMELS AND CERAMIC GLAZES, 15%; ANTIFREEZE, 5%; ALGICIDE, 2%; FLAME RETARDANT, 1%; OTHER USES, 16% (1975)

GRADES: Technical (99% sodium tetraborate): standard; fine granular form; glass or fused|Single Active Ingredient Products: Emulsifiable concentrate 0.28%; Granular 100%; Bait/liquid ready to use 5%. Multiple Active Ingredient Products: Soluble concentrate/liquid 11.41% +1 other active ingredient.

Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting|Boron sodium oxide (B4Na2O7): ACTIVE|Borate is the accepted common name for the metal salts of boric acid which comprise the following family of chemicals: sodium tetraborate decahydrate, sodium tetraborate pentahydrate, sodium tetraborate (anhydrous borax), disodium octaborate (anhydrous), disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, and sodium metaborate. /Borates/

In plant material: (b) ignite with barium hydroxide, extract ash with dilute acetic acid & determine Colorimetrically with p-nitrobenzeneazo-1,8-dihydroxynaphthalene-3,6-disulfonic acid: Austin CM & Mchargue JS, J Assoc of Agric Chem 31: 427 (1948).|Method: NIOSH 500, Particulates Not Otherwise Regulated, Total; Procedure: gravimetric (filter weight); Analyte: airborne particulate material; Matrix: air; Detection Limit: 0.03 mg per sample.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Enzymes and Enzyme Stabilizers|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Food additives|Agrochemicals -> Herbicides, Insecticides, Molluscicides