Isopropyl myristate

270.45

270.45

203-751-4

0RE8K4LNJS

406280

DTXSID0026838

Liquid of low viscosity|Colorless oil

29159080

26.3

7.17 (est)

Clear Liquid

0.8532 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

3 °C (approx)

192.6 °C @ Press: 20 Torr

>230 °F

n 20/D 1.434(lit.)

Miscible with alcohol. Immiscible with water and glycerol.

2-8°C

<1 hPa (20 °C)

LD50 orally in Rabbit: > 10000 mg/kg LD50 dermal Rabbit > 5000 mg/kg

Practically odorless

Henry's Law constant = 2.34X10-2 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Dissolves many waxes, cholesterol, lanolin; decomposes at 208 °C; boiling point: 192.6 °C at 20 mm Hg, 140.2 °C at 2 mm Hg; density: 0.7942 g/cu cm at 99 °C|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.92X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

I; II; III

6.1

NONH for all modes of transport

-

36/37/38

26-36

XB8600000

Xi

Isopropyl myristate is resistant to oxidation and hydrolysis, and does not become rancid. It should be stored in a well-closed container in a cool, dry place and protected from light.

Stable. Combustible. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.

P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, P362

H315

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

European Commission, ESIS; IUCLID Dataset,Isopropyl Myristate (110-27-0) (2000 CD-ROM edition) contains information on use, toxicology, and environmental effects of this chemical as supplied to the European Union by industry.[Available from, as of May 12, 2010: http://esis.jrc.ec.europa.eu/]|Opdyke DLJ; Monograph on fragrance raw materials; Food Cosmet Toxicol 14 (4): 307-38 (1976). Prepn, cosmetic and perfume uses, legal status of use in food, metab, carcinogenic potential, pharmacology, and toxicology of isopropyl myristate are reviewed.

|Warning|H315 (99.79%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3011 companies from 8 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

A human skin irritant.

SEDIMENT: Isopropyl myristate was detected, not quantified, in sediment collected from 6 sites (out of 7) in the German Bight in 1998(1).

Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available.

Addn of Polysorbate 80 to alcohols ethanol, butanol or octanol in isopropyl myristate soln reduced their permeability constant when they were initially poorly sol in pure solvent.|The permeability constants for percutaneous absorption of propylene glycol & water in human excised skin were 3.2x10-6 cm/hr & 5.5x10-6 cm/hr, respectively. In isopropyl myristate, the permeability constants incr approx 250-fold to 1.1x10-3 cm/hr.

LD50 Rat oral >16 mL/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 49.7 mL/kg|LD50 Rat ip 79.5 mL/kg|LD50 Mice ip 50.2 mL/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin 5 g/kg

Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available.

Isopropyl myristate's production and use in cosmetic and topical medicinal preparations(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.2X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isopropyl myristate is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of isopropyl myristate from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.34X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), using a fragment constant estimation method(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Isopropyl myristate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.35X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(4). Isopropyl myristate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 94% of its chemical oxygen demand in 28 days using a municipal waste water inoculum in the closed bottle test(5), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.2X10+4(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that isopropyl myristate is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 2.34X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), developed using a fragment constant estimation method(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 4.9 hours and 6.5 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 99 days when adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 2800(SRC), from an estimated log Kow of 7.17(7) and a regression-derived equation(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high, provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.14X10-2 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 10 years and 1 year at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(8). Isopropyl myristate, present at 100 mg/L, reached 94% of its chemical oxygen demand in 28 days using a municipal waste water inoculum in the closed bottle test(9), suggesting that biodegradation may be an important environmental fate process(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), isopropyl myristate, which has a vapor pressure of 9.35X10-5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase isopropyl myristate is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 20 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.92X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase isopropyl myristate may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Isopropyl myristate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of isopropyl myristate with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.92X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 20 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 2.14X10-2 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 10 years and 1 year at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). Isopropyl myristate does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3), and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 2800 was calculated in fish for isopropyl myristate(SRC), using an estimated log Kow of 7.17(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of isopropyl myristate can be estimated to be 1.2X10+4(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that isopropyl myristate is expected to be immobile in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for isopropyl myristate is estimated as 2.34X10-2 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) using a fragment constant estimation method(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that isopropyl myristate is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4.9 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 6.5 days(SRC). Isopropyl myristate's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 99 days when adsorption is considered(3). Isopropyl myristate is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 9.35X10-5 mm Hg(4).

SNOW: In early March 1999, isopropyl myristate was detected in snow collected from Moscow State University, a clean city area in Moscow, Russia, at a concn of 0.28 ug/kg; it was not detected (detection limit not specified) in snow from 9 other sites around central Finland, Lapland and Russia(1).

According to the 2006 TSCA Inventory Update Report, the number of persons reasonably likely to be exposed in the industrial manufacturing, processing, and use of isopropyl myristate is 100-999; the data may be greatly underestimated(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 113,871 workers (61,855 of these were female) were potentially exposed to isopropyl myristate in the US(1). Occupational exposure to isopropyl myristate may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where isopropyl myristate is produced or used. Use data indicate that the general population may be exposed to isopropyl myristate via dermal contact due to its use in cosmetics and topical medicinal preparations(SRC).

The primary medical indication for which isopropyl myristate is formally used as an active ingredient in a patient care product is as a non-prescription pediculicide rinse.|FDA Label

... Isopropyl myristate 50% in cyclomethicone solution (Full Marks Solution - SSL International) is a new fluid treatment with a physical mode of action that uses a 10-minute contact time /for treatment of head lice.|/Experimental Therapy/ ... A pediculicide rinse, 50% isopropyl myristate (IPM), was assessed in two phase 2 trials conducted in North America. The first trial was a nonrandomized (proof of concept) trial without a comparator conducted in Winnipeg, Canada. The second trial, conducted in the United States, was an evaluator-blinded, randomized superiority trial comparing 50% IPM rinse with a positive control (RID; pyrethrin 0.33%, piperonyl butoxide 4%). The primary end points were to determine the safety and efficacy of 50% IPM as a pediculicide rinse. METHODS: Subjects meeting inclusion criteria were enrolled in the above-mentioned trials with efficacy end points 7 and 14 days post-treatment. Subjects were also evaluated on days 0, 7, 14, and 21 for the presence of erythema and edema using the Modified Draize Scale. Other comments associated with the safety evaluation (ie, pruritus) were collected. RESULTS: IPM was found to be effective in the proof of concept study and comparator trial using a positive control. IPM was also well tolerated, with minimal adverse events. All adverse events were mild, resolving by completion of the study. CONCLUSION: Data suggest that IPM is a safe and effective therapy for the treatment of head lice in children and adults. IPM's mechanical mechanism of action makes development of lice resistance unlikely.|... Due to their distinct advantages such as enhanced drug solubility, thermodynamic stability, facile preparation, and low cost, uses and applications of microemulsions have been numerous. Recently, there is a surge in the exploration of microemulsion for transdermal drug delivery for their ability to incorporate both hydrophilic (5-fluorouracil, apomorphine hydrochloride, diphenhydramine hydrochloride, tetracaine hydrochloride, and methotrexate) and lipophilic drugs (estradiol, finasteride, ketoprofen, meloxicam, felodipine, and triptolide) and enhance their permeation.... Besides surfactants, oils can also act as penetration enhancers (oleic acid, linoleic acid, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, etc.). ...|/Experimental Therapy/ Alpha-tocopherol (AT) is the vitamin E homologue with the highest in vivo biological activity. AT protects against the carcinogenic and mutagenic activity of ionizing radiation and chemical agents, and possibly against UV-induced cutaneous damage. For stability consideration, alpha-tocopherol is usually used as its prodrug ester, alpha-tocopherol acetate (ATA), which once absorbed into the skin is hydrolyzed to alpha-tocopherol, the active form. ... Permeation studies were conducted using modified Franz diffusion cells and human cadaver skin as the membrane. Specifically, 5% (w/w) alpha-tocopherol acetate was formulated in the following vehicles: ethanol, isopropyl myristate, light mineral oil, 1% Klucel gel in ethanol, and 3% Klucel gel in ethanol (w/w). ... The permeabilities of ATA through human cadaver skin were 1.0x10-4, 1.1x10-2, 1.4x10-4, 2.1x10-4, and 4.7x10-4 cm/hr for the ethanol solution, isopropyl myristate solution, light mineral oil solution, 1% Klucel gel, and 3% Klucel gel, respectively. The results show that the formulation had relatively minor effects on the permeability coefficients of ATA through cadaver skin in all cases except for the isopropyl myristate solution.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Isopropyl myristate (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

One must, however, look carefully for an intensification of possible risks related to the method of application, the condition of the skin, the site of application, supporting therapeutic measures or changes in the composition of the vehicle. Lanolin, cetyl alcohol and myristyl alcohol, sorbitol, isopropyl-myristate as well as polyethylene glycols (PEG) penetrate the skin like active substances...|Many enhancers are concentration-dependent; therefore, optimal concentration for effective promotion should be determined. The delivery rate is dependent on the type of the drug, the structure and ingredients of the carrier, and on the character of the membrane in use. Each formulation should be examined very carefully, because every membrane alters the mechanism of penetration and can turn an enhancer to a retarder.|Cosmetics continue to be used by acne-prone individuals. ... The data presented were gleaned from the rabbit ear assay, which is not an ideal animal model but is the best we have. If an ingredient is negative in the rabbit ear assay, we feel it is safe on the acne-prone skin. A strong, positive ingredient or cosmetic should be avoided. Ingredient offenders include isopropyl myristate and its analogs, such as isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl isostearate, butyl stearate, isostearyl neopentanoate, myristyl myristate, decyl oleate, octyl stearate, octyl palmitate or isocetyl stearate, and new introductions by the cosmetic industry, such as propylene glycol-2 (PPG-2) myristyl propionate...|... How the alternative use of three lipophilic excipients ... , differing in their polarity indexes (medium chain triglycerides (MG), decyl oleate (DO), and isopropyl myristate (IPM), respectively), affects the colloidal structure of the alkylpolyglucoside-based vehicles and in vitro permeation profiles of two model drugs: diclofenac sodium (DC) and caffeine (CF), both sparingly soluble in water /were investigated/ . ... Varying of lipophilic excipient influenced noteworthy variations in the colloidal structure demonstrated as different rheological profiles accompanied to the certain degree by different water distribution modes, but notably provoked by drug nature (an amphiphilic electrolyte drug vs. nonelectrolyte). In vitro permeation data obtained using ASC membranes in an infinite dose-type of experiment stressed the importance of the vehicle/solute interactions in case of small variation in formulation composition, asserting the drug properties in the first hours of permeation and rheological profile of the vehicles in the later phase of experiment as decisive factors...

Isopropyl myristate is an emollient vehicle that is effective at enhancing the penetration of other medical agents that may be incorporated into the vehicle as active agents. In one study, a 50:50 isopropanol-isopropyl myristate binary enhancer synergistically increased the transport of estradiol across a two-layer human epidermis in vitro.

Dermal absorption of isopropyl myristate is predicated to be 0.00020 mg/cm2/event, which is considered a very low absorption rate. In a study, topically applied isopropyl myristate was largely retained in the stratum corneum. It was not detected in the receptor fluid of flow-through diffusion cells in in-vitro skin permeation experiments using human epidermis (stratum corneum and viable epidermis) and dermis of varying thickness.|Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available.|Four monkeys were exposed for 5 sec to the spray of an aerosol antiperspirant containing 14C-labelled isopropyl myristate. Two animals were sacrificed immediately after exposureand the other two were sacrificed 24 hr later. The distribution of carbon-14 in the exhaled air and in several tissues indicated that only 0.25% of the dose sprayed at the animals was absorbed; about 10% of this reached the lower respiratory tract. Some 85% of the absorbed isopropyl myristate was eliminated in 24 hr, mainly as exhaled carbon dioxide; very little labeled material reached any tissues other than the lungs.|In whole body autoradiography in hairless mice, there was no visible penetration into the skin or organs, whereas microautoradipgraphy with guinea pigs showed local penetration. Isopropyl myristate penetrated to the greatest extent. Percutaneous absorption was examined in Angora rabbits by microautoradiography simultaneously with skin irritation potential by histological method. Isopropyl myristate was distributed into the skin both trans-epidermally and trans-follicularly immediately after 24 hr application. Isopropyl myristate is thought to penetrate into human skin also, though it is known to generate no erythema on the skin. Isopropyl myristate was found to be distributed into almost all organs by means of whole body autoradiography when it was injected sc into mice. The extracts from the liver and kidney were determined to be a fatty acid and a triglyceride. Isopropyl myristate was easily distributed into the organs and metabolized.

Any isopropyl myristate that is absorbed is likely to be hydrolyzed to its component compounds of isopropylalcohol and myristic acid.|The myristates can be expected to undergo chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis to myristic acid and the corresponding alcohol.|Like other high molecular weight aliphatic esters, the myristates are readily hydrolyzed to the corresponding alcohols and acids which are then further metabolized.

Readily available information regarding the pharmacokinetics of isopropyl myristate is not available.

As a pediculicide, isopropyl myristate is capable of physically coating the exoskeleton bodies of lice. This physical coating subsequently immobilizes the lice and works to dissolve the wax covering on the insect exoskeleton and blocks the insects' airways, leading to death by dehydration. Although this physical action of isopropyl myristate results in little lice resistance (given the lack of immunologic or chemical activity in this mechanism of action), the substance is also not ovicidal, which means any eggs that may have been laid by lice would not be affected. Moreover, isopropyl myristate is capable of eliciting its pediculicide action in a contact time of only 10 minutes per each necessary administration.

The commercial product may contain small amounts of esters of palmitic and other saturated fatty acids.|Myristic acid and other free fatty acids are present at a maximum concentration of 1.0%, and unsponifiable material is present at a maximum concentration of 0.2%. There are no known dilutents, solvents, or adhesives present.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ /In a/ repeated Patch-test 1.28-1.70 g isopropyl myristate was applied for 24 hr every other day for 15 applications to 50 health volunteers. In each case a 48 hr challenge application was given 3 wk later. The study has failed to detect any sensitizing potential.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A bath oil containing 42.9% isopropyl myristate was tested for photo-con tact allergenicity on seven men and 18 women. Applications of 5 uL/sq cm under an occlusive patch for 24 hours, followed by three minimal erythema doses of irradiation from a Xenon Solar Simulator, were repeated twice a week for three weeks. A challenge patch followed by 25-30 mW/sq cm UVA for five minutes from the solar simulator fitted with a Schott WG345 filter was performed 10 days after the last induction exposure. No evidence of photo-contact allergenicity was observed.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A phototoxicity study with a bath oil formulation containing 42.9% isopropyl myristate was conducted on one man and nine women. The material was applied undiluted at 5 uL/sq cm under occlusive patches. Sites were irradiated after 6 and 24 hours with a 150-watt Xenon Solar Simulator fitted with Schott WG345 filter to eliminate UVB radiation, giving a total UVA irradiance of 25-30 mW/sq cm. No evidence of phototoxicity was observed.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Four separate human sensitization studies testing an aerosol antiperspirant concentrate containing 52-58% isopropyl myristate produced no reactions indicative of sensitization in a total of 320 subjects.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Isopropyl myristate (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

isopropyl myristate

ALMOST 100% AS EMOLLIENT AND EMULSIFIER (EST) (1976)

Grade: Double-distilled from coconut oil.|The commercial product usually appears as a mixture of myristate with small amounts of esters of palmitic and other saturated fatty acids.

All other chemical product and preparation manufacturing|Tetradecanoic acid, 1-methylethyl ester: ACTIVE

GAS AND LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY WERE USED TO ISOLATE ISOPROPYL MYRISTATE FROM BULGARIAN ROSE OIL.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Solvents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; -> JECFA Functional ClassesFood Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT; -> JECFA Functional Classes|Flavoring Agents -> JECFA Flavorings Index|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty esters [FA07] -> Wax monoesters [FA0701]|Cosmetics -> Binding; Emollient; Skin conditioning; Solvent

Flavoring Agents|Flavouring Agent -> FLAVOURING_AGENT; Food Additives -> CARRIER_SOLVENT;