Stearyl alcohol

270.49

270.49

1362907

204-017-6

2KR89I4H1Y

1610

5379

DTXSID8026935

Leaflets from ethanol|Unctuous white flakes or granules

29051700

20.2

8.22

White Flakes

0.8124 g/cm³ @ Temp: 59 °C

59.5 °C

210.5 °C @ Press: 15 Torr

185°C

1.4356 (estimate)

H2O: insoluble ;methanol: soluble 10mg/mL, clear, colorless

2-8°C

<0.01 mm Hg ( 38 °C)

9.3 (vs air)

Oral-Rat LD50: 20000 mg/kg

Flammable; burning produces irritating fumes

~8%

Faint

Bland

Henry's Law constant = 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

Faint characteristic odor & bland taste /stearyl alcohol usp/|SOLUBLE IN VEGETABLE OILS /STEARYL ALCOHOL USP/|Liquid molar volume = 0.33572 cu m/kmol|MP: 59.4 to 59.8 °C; BP: 210 °C at 15 mm Hg (pure substance)|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

842 °F (450 °C)|450 °C

I; II; III

UN 1986

-

24/25

RG2010000

Warehouse ventilated, low temperature and dry

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P273, P501

H412

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

Reacts with strong acids and strong oxidants.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: Stearyl alcohol is included in skin protectant drug products.

Combustible.

|Warning|H319 (59.32%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P337+P313, P391, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1688 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P264, P280, P302+P352, P321, P332+P313, and P362|Aggregated GHS information provided by 111 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Flammable when exposed to heat or flame...

Explosive limits , vol% in air: 1-8

To fight fire use foam, carbon dioxide, dry chemical.

Sweep spilled substance into containers. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place.

Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants and strong acids.

NO open flames.

Wear safety spectacles.

| 0 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, would offer no hazard beyond that of ordinary combustible materials.| 0 - Materials that will not burn under typical fire conditions, including intrinsically noncombustible materials such as concrete, stone, and sand.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

1-Octadecanol has been detected in industrial wastewater from the organics and plastics industry (184 ng/ul extract) and from textile mills (94 ng/ul extract)(1). 1-Octadecanol has been detected in wastewater from a specialty chemicals manufacturing plant at concentrations of 1-4 ppm(2). Emission rates in wood smoke for 1-octadecanol in mg/g of organic carbon were found to be 0.059 for red oak(3), 0.063 for yellow poplar(4), and 0.062 for mockernut hickory(4). 1-Octadecanol emission rates from road dust samples was 4.3 ug/g(5).

SEDIMENT: 1-Octadecanol was found in sediment from a small river and estuary system leading to the Providence River on which a specialty chemicals manufacturing plant was located at the following locations: near the plant (10 ppm), 1.5 km downstream (10 ppm), near a dam (5 ppm), and in a cove (1 ppm)(1). 1-Octadecanol was reported as extractable concentrations of 66-118 ng/g and bonded concentrations of 69-100 ng/g in anoxic continental slope sediment off southwestern Taiwan(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 1-Octadecanol was found in California at atmospheric concentrations of 2.5 ng/cu m, and 2.9 ng/cu m in Bakersfield and Fresno, respectively(1).|RURAL/REMOTE: 1-Octadecanol was found in California at an atmospheric concentrations of 0.4 ng/cu m in the Kern Wildlife Refuge(1).

Cigarette emission rate of 1-octadecanol was measured at 0.6 ug/cigarette(1).

practically nontoxic

LD50 Rat oral >5000 - 8000 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit dermal >3 g/kg|LD50 Rat oral 20 g/kg

1-Octadecanol emission rates from green leaf composite samples and dead leaves were 28 ug/g and 30 ug/g, respectively(1).

1-Octadecanol's production and use as a substitute for cetyl alcohol in pharmaceutical dispensing, in cosmetic creams, for emulsions, textile oils and finishes, as an antifoam agent, lubricant, chemical raw material(1), in perfumery, cosmetics, as an intermediate, surface active agent, and in resins(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams.

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+5(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1.1X10-3 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-octadecanol is expected to be immobile in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1-octadecanol from moist soil surfaces may be expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.41X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from a vapor pressure of 2.7X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(4), and its water solubility(2). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). 1-Octadecanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon it's vapor pressure(4). Biodegradation of 1-octadecanol may be an important fate process in soil based on a mixed shake flask culture study(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 1.8X10+5(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 1.1X10-3 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1-octadecanol is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediments(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 8.4X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), calculated from its water solubility(2) and vapor pressure, 2.7X10-6 mm Hg(4), values. Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 2.8 hours and 7 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 140 days if adsorption is considered (5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF value of 2.8X10+4(3), from its water solubility(2), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC). A percent theoretical oxygen demand value of 0.3 in 24 hrs using a Warburg test(7) suggests that biodegradation may not be an important fate process in water(7).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1-octadecanol, which has a vapor pressure of 2.7X10-6 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1-octadecanol is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 14 hours(3), calculated from its rate constant of 2.67X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC), that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase 1-octadecanol may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1-octadecanol with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 14 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). 1-Octadecanol is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2).

An estimated BCF value of 2.8X10+4 was calculated for 1-octadecanol(SRC), using an experimental water solubility of 1.1X10-3 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and a recommended regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is very high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

The Koc of 1-octadecanol is estimated as 1.8X10+5(SRC), using a water solubility of 1.1X10-3 mg/L at 25 °C(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1-octadecanol is immobile in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1-octadecanol is estimated as 8.41X10-4 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) from its experimental values for vapor pressure, 2.7X10-6 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 1.1X10-3 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1-octadecanol is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 6.5 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 7 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model pond is about 140 days when adsorption is considered(4). 1-Octadecanol's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1-Octadecanol is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: 1-Octadecanol was identified at 4 ppb in unidentified surface waters(1). 1-Octadecanol was identified in river water near a specialty chemicals manufacturing plant at concentrations of 0.007-0.16 ppm(2).|RAIN/SNOW/FOG: Snow surface analysis were done for 1-octadecanol at seven sites in the Antarctic in 1993/1994 season; Wood Bay at sea level (10 ng/L), Mt Melbourne at 200 meters above sea level (2 ng/L, detection limit), Vegetation Island at 220 meters above sea level (27 ng/L), Mt Melbourne at 600 meters above sea level (3 ng/L), McCarthy Ridge at 790 meters above sea level (4 ng/L), Mt Melbourne at 1130 meters above sea level (4 ng/L) and Hercules Neve at 2960 meters above sea level (24 ng/L)(1). Subsurface samples at McCarthy Ridge were analyzed at 17 ng/L at 1 meter deep, 25 ng/L at 2 meters deep and below detection limit at 3 meters deep(1). Subsurface samples taken at Hercules Neve gave 1-octadecanol results of 6 ng/L at 1 meter deep, below detection limit at 2 meters deep and 4 ng/L at 3 meters deep(1). 1-Octadecanol was identified at 5 of 10 snow sample sites in Russia and Finland; 0.98 ug/kg at Neulaniemi (Kuopio, Central-Eastern Finland), 0.23 ug/kg at Nellim (Lapland, Finland), 0.18 ug/kg at Muonio (Lapland, Finland), 0.41 ug/kg at Levi (Lapland, Finland) and 1.07 ug/kg at Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia)(2). 1-Octadecanol was identified in four of eight snow samples taken from Mt Sonnblick in the Austrian Alps at concentrations ranging from 10-36 ug/L(3).

1-Octadecanol has been qualitatively detected as a volatile component of fried bacon(1) and raw beef(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 508,134 workers (181,512 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 1-octadecanol in the US(1). Occupational exposure to 1-octadecanol may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1-octadecanol is produced or used. The general population can be exposed to 1-octadecanol through ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact and use of household goods, pharmaceuticals, and toiletries containing this compound(SRC).

Stearyl alcohol is found naturally in various mammalian tissues ... Results from several studies indicate that stearyl alcohol is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract.|Several studies indicate that /1-octadecanol/ is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. The entry of 14C-octadecanol into the thoracic lymph duct of the Sprague-Dawley rat was reported. Lymph flows and blood were monitored for radioactivity in different intervals following dosing. Intestinal radioactivity was determined in the intestinal homogenate which showed the percent absorbed radioactivity in the lymph was 56.6 +/- 14.0. Of this, more than half was found in the triglycerides of the lymph, 6 to 13 % in the phospholipids, 2 to 8% as the cholesterol esters, and 4 to 10% unchanged octadecanol. 90% of octadecanol was found in the lipomicrom fraction of the blood. The absorption of the compound appeared to be a function of its lipid solubility.

Stearyl alcohol ... is used in the biosynthesis of lipids and other naturally occurring cellular constituents and enters metabolic pathways for energy production. This fatty alcohol is readily converted to stearic acid, another common constituent of mammalian tissue.|From the absorbed fraction more than half was metabolized to triglycerides, 6-13% to phospholipids, 2- 8% to cholesterol esters, and 4-10% remained as unchanged octadecanol after 24h period, from dosing.

... Ethanol, 1-propanol, 1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-octanol had essentially the same effects on the mitochondrial ultrastructure: a mixed population of small and enlarged mitochondria with poorly developed cristae; 1-dodecanol induced ultrastructural changes of mitochondria of two distinct types: a mixed population of small and enlarged mitochondria with poorly developed cristae in some hepatocytes and remarkably enlarged mitochondria with well-developed cristate in others; and 1-octadecanol induced remarkably enlarged mitochondria in all hepatocytes.|... The reactivity of the fatty alcohols with cetrimide decreased with increasing chain length although branching on the tetradecanol and hexadecanol resulted in a higher reactivity. Adding 1-octadecanol to 1-hexadecanol resulted in an increased reactivity rising to a maximum for mixtures containing 20-40% w/w 1-octadecanol.|... Peak inhibition was recorded with saturated primary alcohols (64 microM) varying in chain length from 16 to 19 carbon atoms. The unsaturated alcohols (oleyl, linoleyl, and linolenyl) and the secondary alcohol (pentadecan-2-ol) were considerably less effective growth inhibitors. Stearic and palmitic acids were also ineffective.|After incubation of stationary phase Leishmania donovani with [1-14C]octadecanol, about 70% of the precursor was taken up within 3 hr. Wax esters and acyl moieties of glycerolipids contained most of the 14C-activity from 3 to 6 hr, because octadecanol was partly oxidized to stearate. Ether moieties were only weakly labeled. After 40 hr, 1-0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl diacylglycerols as well as 1-0-alkyl and 1-0-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamines contained nearly all of the radioactivity. Most of the label in the neutral ether lipids was located in the alkyl ether side chain, whereas, in the phosphatidylethanolamine fraction, most of the label was found in the alkenyl ether side chain.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Encourage patient to take deep breaths. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . /Irritating materials/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Early intubation at the first sign of upper airway obstruction may be necessary. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... .Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Irritating materials/|Basic Treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/|Advanced Treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques, with a bag-valve-mask device, may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Monitor for signs of hypoglycemia (decreased LOC, tachycardia, pallor, dilated pupils, diaphoresis, and/or dextrose strip or glucometer readings below 50 mg) and administer 50% dextrose if necessary ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Higher alcohols (>3 carbons) and related compounds/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The results of single-insult clinical patch testing indicate a very low order of skin irritation potential for stearyl alcohol with a sensitization rate of 19 of 3740 (0.51%) individuals.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A 24-hour single insult occlusive patch test with 100% stearyl alcohol produced mild irritation in 1 out of 80 human subjects.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Of 51 patients allergic to wool wax alcohols, 4 reacted to 20% stearyl alcohol in vaseline. Combined scores at 24, 48, and 72 hours showed reactions graded as ++ (erytheme and papeln or infiltrate) or +++ ( erytheme, infiltrate or rather papulovesicle). The authors concluded that free fatty alcohols play a major part in allergic reactions to wool wax. Stearyl alcohol is less allergic than 1-dodecanol or oleyl alcohol.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Patch test with 30% stearyl alcohol in petrolatum was assessed after 48 and 96 hours. The test was conducted during several one-year periods on large numbers of human subjects. In 1975-1976 one-year study out of 172 tested 2 showed allergic reaction (1.2%). In 1976-1977 one-year study out of 446 tested 1 showed allergic reaction (0.22%). In 1978-1979 one year study out of 824 tested 6 showed allergic reaction (0.73%). In 1979-1980 one year study out of 634 tested 6 showed allergic reaction (0.95%). ... According to the authors, the positive results above indicate a very mild sensitization potential.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... A woman who experienced oozing dermatitis on 2 separate occasions 2 yr apart after contact with green canvas being sewn into tents. Patch testing showed sensitivity to stearyl alcohol.

1-octadecanol

Stearyl alcohol USP...contains not less than 90% of stearyl alcohol, remainder consisting chiefly of cetyl alcohol.|Hydrophilic petrolatum USP /contains/ cholesterol 30 g, stearyl alcohol 30 g, white wax 80 g, & white petrolatum 860 g.|Hydrophilic ointment USP /contains/ methylparaben 0.25 g, propylparaben 0.15 g, sodium lauryl sulfate 10 g, propylene glycol 120 g, stearyl alcohol 250 g, white petrolatum 250 g, purified water 370 g.|Grades: Commercial; technical; USP.

All other basic organic chemical manufacturing|1-Octadecanol: ACTIVE|Alcohols, C18-32: ACTIVE|Stenol is a mixture of solid alcohols, principally stearyl alcohol.|/It is/ a surface-active agent used to stabilize emulsions & increase their ability to retain large quantities of water.

1-Octadecanol, when used as an additive in PVC food packaging, has been reported to migrate to medicinal powder and multiple compound tablets according to a ten day test at 40 °C.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Emollients|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives -> Flavoring Agents|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty alcohols [FA05]|Cosmetics -> Emollient; Emulsion stabilizing; Foam boosting; Opacifying; Refatting; Viscosity controlling

Flavoring Agents