Ferbam

416.494

415.917450

238-484-2

SKM8W5154H

0792

3077|2771

DTXSID8020624

Black or dark-colored fluffy powder|Black solid or powder|Dark brown to black solid.

2930200012

181.89000

3.08870

Ferbam is a dark brown to black odorless solid. Used as a fungicide. (NIOSH, 2016)

approx 0.6 kg/L

>180 °C (decomp)

129.4ºC at 760mmHg

32ºC

0.01 % (NIOSH, 2016)

0-6ºC

0 mm Hg (approx) (NIOSH, 2016)

Odorless

pH = 5.0

Decomposition >180 °C|Decomposes upon prolonged storage or in contact with moisture.

Thio and dithiocarbamates slowly decompose in aqueous solution to form carbon disulfide and methylamine or other amines. Such decompositions are accelerated by acids.

Thiocarbamate Esters and Salts/Dithiocarbamate Esters and Salts

FERBAM is a dithiocarbamate. Flammable gases are generated by the combination of thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates with aldehydes, nitrides, and hydrides. Thiocarbamates and dithiocarbamates are incompatible with acids, peroxides, and acid halides.

7.72 eV

Combustible Solid

Non-corrosive

UN3077 9/PG 3

3

R36/37/38;R50/53

26-36/37/39-61-60

NO8750000

Xi: Irritant;N: Dangerous for the environment;

Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidants.

P261-P273-P305 + P351 + P338-P501

H315-H319-H335-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Hydrolysis: Ferbam is hydrolyzed by alkali and is unstable to moisture, lime and heat. Ferbam can be incinerated. Recommendable methods: Incineration & landfill. Peer-review: Large amt should be incinerated in a unit with effluent gas scrubbing. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))|The following wastewater treatment technologies have been investigated for iron (Fe+2): Concentration process: Biological treatment. /Iron (Fe+2)/

Strong oxidizers, moisture.

WHO; Environ Health Criteria 78: Dithiocarbamate pesticides p.63 (1988) Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/ehc/ehc/ehc78.htm as of September 15, 2004.|FAO/WHO; Evaluation of the Toxicity of Pesticide Residues in Food: Ferbam (1996). Available from: http://www.inchem.org/documents/jmpr/jmpmono/v96pr06.htm as of September 15, 2004.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)|Combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Warning|H315: Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Danger|H315 (100%): Causes skin irritation [Warning Skin corrosion/irritation]|P260, P261, P264, P271, P273, P280, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P312, P320, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 96 companies from 9 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P271, P280, P281, P284, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P314, P320, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. (NIOSH, 2016)|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 50 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 5) Any dust respirator.|Respirator Recommendations: Up to 100 mg/cu m: (Assigned protection factor = 10) Any dust respirator except single-use and quarter-mask respirators. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned protection factor = 10) Any air-purifying respirator with a high-efficiency particulate filter. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection./(Assigned protection factor = 10) Any supplied-air respirator. Substance reported to cause eye irritation or damage; may require eye protection.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for FERBAM (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

It should be kept away from ignition sources because the decomp products are flammable.

/Use/ water spray, powder.

Ventilate area of spill. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation, or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing ferbam should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material.|Sweep spilled substance into sealable containers; if appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder, then remove to safe place. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. (Extra personal protection: P2 filter respirator for harmful particles).

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: Local exhaust ventilation should be applied wherever there is an incidence of point source emissions or dispersion of regulated contaminants in the work area. Ventilation control of the contaminant as close to its point of generation is both the most economical and safest method to minimize personnel exposure to airborne contaminants.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for FERBAM (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

... Dust irritating to eye, nose, throat, and skin.|May cause irritation to skin and to mucous membranes and rarely skin sensitization in man.|If inhaled, iron is a local irritant to the lung and gastrointestinal tract. /Iron compounds/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 15 mg/cu m (Total dust)|Vacated 1989 OSHA PEL TWA 10 mg/cu m is still enforced in some states.

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 10 mg/cu m.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Separated from strong oxidants, copper compounds, mercury compounds, alkaline materials and food and feedstuffs. Dry. Well closed.

Evaporation at 20 °C is negligible; a harmful concentration of airborne particles can, however, be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the central nervous system.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. The substance may have effects on the nervous system and thyroid.

NO open flames.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles.

Exposure to ferbam may cause alcohol intolerance.

LD50 Rat oral 1130 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse (male) ip 3000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat ip 2700 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral 3400 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation 0.4 mg/L/4 hr

Ferbam's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; it's use as a fungicide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC). Its production and use in rubber processing(2) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 300(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 130 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ferbam is expected to have moderate mobility in soil(SRC). Ferbam has a negligible vapor pressure(2) and is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces or from moist soil surfaces(SRC). Ferbam is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon a negligible vapor pressure(2). Ferbam degraded slowly in a sandy loam soil (half-life greater than 8 weeks)(4), indicating that biodegradation is not an important environmental fate process in soil(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 300(SRC), determined from a water solublity of 130 mg/L(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that ferbam may adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Ferbam has a negligible vapor pressure(2) and is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces or from moist soil surfaces(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from log Kow of -1.60(2) and a regression-derived equation(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process based on a measured half-life using a sandy loam soil of greater than 8 weeks(6).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), ferbam, which has a negligible vapor pressure at 20 °C(2), is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere. Particulate-phase ferbam may be removed from the air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Ferbam tends to decompose, releasing carbon disulfide(3), under the influence of air, moisture, and heat(2).

Ferbam ... /is/ inactivated nonbiologically in soils.|Ferbam, as a metal salt, has negligible vapor pressure(1) and is expected to exist in the atmosphere as an aerosol(SRC). Particulate ferbam may be removed physically from air by wet and dry deposition(SRC). Ferbam tends to decompose, releasing carbon disulfide(2), under the influence of air, moisture, and heat(1).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated for ferbam(SRC), using a log Kow of -1.60(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC), provided the compound is not altered physically or chemically once released into the environment.

The Koc of ferbam is estimated as 300(SRC), using a water solubility of 130 mg/L(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that ferbam is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. Using a soil TLC system (Hagerstown silty clay loam, 2.5% organic matter, 39.5% clay, pH 6.8) visualized by bioautography with 10 soil fungi and one alga, mean Rf values for analytical grade ferbam were 0.93, 0.64, 0.36, and 0.0(4).|Adsorption coefficient (Kd) = 300 mg/g

Ferbam has a negligible vapor pressure and is not expected to volatilize from water surfaces or from moist soil surfaces(1).

In the pregnant rats, a small but significant amount of radiolabel readily crossed the placenta into the fetus. In lactating rats, radiolabel was secreted into the milk, absorbed by the pups, and excreted in the pups' urine.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 3,205 workers are potentially exposed to ferbam in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to ferbam may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where ferbam is produced or used(SRC).

...The metabolism of Ferbam /was studied/ using 35S-labeled and 14C-labeled (at the methyl carbon) compound. Charles River female rats were given a single 500 mg/kg oral gavage dose of 35S or 14C ferric ferbam. Biliary excretion, blood distribution, placental transfer and milk secretion were studied. In rats dosed with 35S, at 24 hours post dosing, radioactivity in feces, urine, expired air, whole blood and bile amounted to 16.9, 22.7, 18.1, 0.6 and 1% of the applied dose, respectively. In rats dosed with 14C, at 24 hours post dosing, radioactivity in the same matrices amounted to 20.0, 42.9, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.4% of the applied dose, respectively. The total of whole blood, liver, kidneys, muscle and brain amounted to about 3.8% of the dose. Analysis of the expired air indicated that /carbon disulfide/ represented >99.9% of the sulfur containing metabolites in the expired air. A trace of COS was also detected. Analysis of urine indicated three ferbam metabolites: inorganic sulfate, dimethylammonium ion (dimethyl amine) and a glucuronide of /dimethyldithiocarbamide/. The authors concluded that after absorption, some of the /carbon disulfide/ is eliminated in the expired air, while the remainder is oxidized to inorganic sulfate. They also speculated that some of the N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate is absorbed intact and then conjugated with glucuronic acid. The authors speculated that the conversion of ferbam to N,N-dimethyldithiocarbamate followed by decomposition to diethylamide and /carbon disulfide/ probably takes place in the gut, since ferbam is known to decompose to /carbon disulfide/ and diethylamide under acidic conditions.|Ferbam does not appear to be stored in the tissues of rats or dogs, but feeding of ferbam to rats increased the skeletal stores of iron.|The disposition and metabolism of ferbam were studied in rats. Male rats weighing 125-275 g, pregnant rats on day 16 of gestation, and lactating rats 6 days post partum were given single oral doses of 500 mg/kg bw spiked with 24 uCi of either 35S- or 14C-labelled compound. The ferbam was suspended in 0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose. After dosing, each male rat was placed in a metabolism cage for examination of feces, urine, and expired air. At termination of the experiment, the rat was sacrificed for analysis of radiolabel. Bile was collected from some of the male rats. Five pups per lactating mother were left for nursing, and the dams and pups were sacrificed 24 hr after dosing. About 40-70% of the dose of labelled ferbam was absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract within the first 24 hr. In rats receiving 35S-ferbam, 23% of the radiolabel was found in urine, 18% in expired air, and 1% in bile; only small amounts were found in tissues, including blood, kidneys, muscle, and brain. In rats receiving 14C-ferbam, 43% of the radiolabel was found in urine and 1.4% in bile, whereas only 0.6% was recovered in expired air. The other tissues contained only small amounts of radiolabel. In the pregnant rats, a small but significant amount of radiolabel readily crossed the placenta into the fetus. In lactating rats, radiolabel was secreted into the milk, absorbed by the pups, and excreted in the pups' urine.|(35)S and (14)C labeled ferbams were administered as an oral dose to rats. After absorption through the gastrointestinal tract, (35)S activity was observed in urine (22.7%), expired air (18.1%), bile (1.O%), and small amounts in tissues. When (14)C ferbam was used, (14)C was found in urine (42.9%, bile (1.4%), expired air (0.6%), and small amounts in tissues. The metabolite in expired air was identified as carbon disulfide. In the urine, inorganic sulfate, a dimethylamine salt, and a dimethyldithiocarbamate glucuronide were identified.

...Given dimethyl-(14)C ferbam, 43% of radioactivity was found in urine as dimethylamine and dimethyldithiocarbamate glucuronide... .|Analysis of expired air from rats receiving ferbam indicated that the only expired ferbam metabolite was carbon disulfide. Metabolites in urine included inorganic sulfate, a salt of dimethylamine and glucuronide conjugate of dimethyldithiocarbamate.|(35)S and (3)H labeled ferbam were administered to sheep. The (35)S was not eliminated as carbon disulfide. Seventy six hours post treatment, about 12% of the (35)S and 62% of (3)H had been excreted. Although a number of metabolites, polar and non-polar, were observed, none were identified. Neither TMTD nor dimethylamine were present.|(35)S and (14)C labeled ferbams were administered as an oral dose to rats. After absorption through the gastrointestinal tract, (35)S activity was observed in urine (22.7%), expired air (18.1%), bile (1.O%), and small amounts in tissues. When (14)C ferbam was used, (14)C was found in urine (42.9%, bile (1.4%), expired air (0.6%), and small amounts in tissues. The metabolite in expired air was identified as carbon disulfide. In the urine, inorganic sulfate, a dimethylamine salt, and a dimethyldithiocarbamate glucuronide were identified.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for FERBAM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Exposure Routes: inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact Symptoms: Irritation eyes, respiratory tract; dermatitis; gastrointestinal disturbance Target Organs: Eyes, skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract (NIOSH, 2016)

Eye: If this chemical contacts the eyes, immediately wash the eyes with large amounts of water, occasionally lifting the lower and upper lids. Get medical attention immediately. Contact lenses should not be worn when working with this chemical. Skin: If this chemical contacts the skin, promptly wash the contaminated skin with soap and water. If this chemical penetrates the clothing, promptly remove the clothing and wash the skin with soap and water. Get medical attention promptly. Breathing: If a person breathes large amounts of this chemical, move the exposed person to fresh air at once. If breathing has stopped, perform mouth-to-mouth resuscitation. Keep the affected person warm and at rest. Get medical attention as soon as possible. Swallow: If this chemical has been swallowed, get medical attention immediately. (NIOSH, 2016)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Wash contaminating chemical from skin and hair with soap and water. Persons sensitive to thiram (rubber-sensitive) should be permanently removed from contact with compounds of this nature. Flush contaminant from eyes with fresh water for 10-15 minutes. If thiram or metallo dithiocarbamate compounds have been ingested: a) if vigorous emesis has not already occurred and victim is fully alert, give syrup of ipecac, followed by 1-2 glasses of water to induce vomiting (adults, 12 yr and older: 30 mL; children under 12: 15 mL). If consciousness level declines or vomiting has not occurred in 15 minutes, empty the stomach by intubation, aspiration, and lavage. /Dithiocarbamates and Thiocarbamates/|If /dithiocarbamates or thiocarbamates have/ ...been ingested: b) if consciousness level or respiration is depressed, empty the stomach by intubation, aspiration, and lavage, using all available means to avoid aspiration of vomitus: left lateral trendelenburg position, frequent aspiration of the pharynx and, in unconscious victims, tracheal intubation (using a cuffed tube) prior to gastric intubation. After aspiration of the stomach and washing with /SRP: isotonic saline in adults, tap water in children; instill 60-100 g activated charcoal in 8-10 oz water for adults; 30 g of charcoal in 3-4 oz water for children/ through the stomach tube to limit absorption of remaining toxicant. C) if the irritant properties of the toxicant fail to produce a bowel movement in 4 hr, administer sodium or magnesium sulfate as a cathartic... /Dithiocarbamates and Thiocarbamates/|Management of a reaction to ethanol, following absorption of a dithiocarbamate: a) administer 100% oxygen as long as the reaction continues. Oxygen usually gives substantial relief from the distressing symptoms of vasodilation and hypotension. Caution: if respiration is depressed, administer oxygen by an intermittent positive pressure breathing device and observe the victim closely to maintain pulmonary ventilation mechanically in case of apnea. /Dithiocarbamates and Thiocarbamates/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. /Iron and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for FERBAM (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ In humans, Ferbam dust is irritating to the eyes and the respiratory tract; it causes dermatitis in some individual.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ May cause ... renal damage.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Potential symptoms of overexposure are irritation of eyes and respiratory tract; dermatitis; GI disturbance.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Symptomatology (primary toxic reaction, not that induced by alcohol, as inferred in part from clinical reports of disulfiram overdoses): Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, weight loss. ... Headache, lethargy, dizziness, ataxia, confusion, drowsiness, emotional lability and coma. ...Reduction in blood pressure, not usually severe unless fluid and electrolyte deficits are extensive. Suppression of tendon reflexes. Hypotonia and, within a few hr or a few days, flaccid paralysis. ... Resp paralysis and death. Severe dermatitis and hepatitis probably represent hypersensitivity reactions. /Thiram/

ferbam

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation of its aerosol and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

irritation eyes, resp tract; dermatitis; gastrointestinal disturbance

Cough. Sore throat.

Dry skin. Redness. Pain.

Redness. Pain.

Eyes, skin, respiratory system, gastrointestinal tract

3.5X10+5 lbs a.i./yr used in US agriculture (1989)|In US, used on apples, cherries, cranberries, grapes, peaches, pears, raspberries, and tobacco (1987 Census of Agriculture)|30% is used on peaches, pears, cherries, apricots, plums, prunes, and nectarines; 25% is used on citrus fruit; 23% on other fruits and nuts; 15% on apples; 7% on field crops including vegetables and peanuts (1971).

Grades: 76% wettable powder; 87% technical powder.|Mixtures include: 'Trimanzone', wettable powder, ferbam + manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) + zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate).|Water dispersible granules|Often used in combinations with dithiocarbamates to extend the spectrum of activity.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for FERBAM (18 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Iron, tris(N,N-dimethylcarbamodithioato-.kappa.S,.kappa.S')-, (OC-6-11)-: ACTIVE|It is incompatible with copper or mercury compounds or alkaline pesticides.|... Used as fungicide to control diseases of plants, particularly those affecting apples & tobacco ... and is registered for use on about 75 agricultural and ornamental plants ... . Used on agricultural crops in USA ... .|Ferbam has a complex pattern of stimulatory and fungitoxic zones similar to other measured dimethyldithiocarbamate fungicides indicating that their degradation products (presumably in the original product or due to dissociation of the metal atom) may be identical as well as fungitoxic.

Product analysis is either by colorimetry or by acid hydrolysis, the liberated carbon disulfide being converted to dithiocarbonate which is estimated by titration with iodine. Residues may be determined by acid hydrolysis and suitable colorimetry of the liberated carbon disulphide.|Methods for chromatographic analysis of carbamates, including dithiocarbamate pesticides, have been reviewed. Ferbam residues have been determined by polarography, with a sensitivity of 80 ug/mL ... or 10-7 m ... .|Voltametric behavior of ferbam has ... been studied and might provide basis for analytical method. Rapid colorimetric method for est of ferbam residues on grains allows recoveries of 91-100% at levels of 10-1000 ug.

Agrochemicals -> Fungicides