4-Nitrophenol Safety Data Sheets

Acute toxicity - Category 4, Oral

Acute toxicity - Category 4, Dermal

Acute toxicity - Category 4, Inhalation

Specific target organ toxicity – repeated exposure, Category 2

If inhaled

Following skin contact

Following eye contact

Following ingestion

Inhalation or ingestion causes headache, drowsiness, nausea, and blue color in lips, ears, and fingernails (cyanosis). Contact with eyes or skin causes irritation; can be absorbed through skin to give same symptoms as for inhalation. (USCG, 1999)

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Toxic oxides of nitrogen and fumes of unburned material may form in fires. Behavior in Fire: Decomposes violently at 279°C and will burn even in absence of air. (USCG, 1999)

Use water spray, powder, foam, carbon dioxide. In case of fire: keep drums, etc., cool by spraying with water.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered sealable containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Spill or leak procedures: Shovel into suitable dry container.

NO open flames. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust. Handling in a well ventilated place. Wear suitable protective clothing. Avoid contact with skin and eyes. Avoid formation of dust and aerosols. Use non-sparking tools. Prevent fire caused by electrostatic discharge steam.

Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. Well closed.... KEEP ALL FLAMMABLES AWAY FROM AREA WHERE OXIDIZING AGENTS ARE STORED. ... AREA ... KEPT COOL & VENTILATED, & SHOULD BE FIREPROOFED.

Occupational Exposure limit values

Biological limit values

Eye/face protection

Skin protection

Respiratory protection

Thermal hazards

May explode on heating. Decomposes on heating. This produces toxic fumes including nitrogen oxides. Mixtures with potassium hydroxide are explosive.

no data available

Will burn even in absence of air.Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air.4-NITROPHENOL is a slightly yellow, crystalline material, moderately toxic. Mixtures with diethyl phosphite may explode when heated. Decomposes exothermally, emits toxic fumes of oxides of nitrogen [Lewis, 3rd ed., 1993, p. 941]. Decomposes violently at 279°C and will burn even in absence of air (USCG, 1999). Solid mixtures of the nitrophenol and potassium hydroxide (1:1.5 mol) readily deflagrate [Bretherick, 5th Ed., 1995].

no data available

Mixtures with diethyl phosphite may explode when heated.

Decomposes violently @ 279 deg c ...

Acute toxicity

• Oral: LD50 Rat (male) oral 191 mg/kg (95% confidence limits 131-303 mg/kg)
• Inhalation: LD50 Rat inhalation > 4.7 mg/L/4 hours
• Dermal: no data available

Skin corrosion/irritation

Serious eye damage/irritation

Respiratory or skin sensitization

Germ cell mutagenicity

Carcinogenicity

Reproductive toxicity

STOT-single exposure

STOT-repeated exposure

Aspiration hazard

• Toxicity to fish: LC50; Species: Lepomis macrochirus (bluegill); Conditions: static, unmeasured; Concentration: 8,280 ug/L for 24 hr
• Toxicity to daphnia and other aquatic invertebrates: LC50 - Daphnia magna - 24 mg/L - 24 h.
• Toxicity to algae: EC50 - Chlorella vulgaris - 6.97 mg/L - 6 h.
• Toxicity to microorganisms: no data available

PURE CULTURE: Pseudomonas strains capable of mineralizing 2,4-dichlorophenol and p-nitrophenol (PNP) in culture media were isolated from soil. A Pseudomonas able to mineralize 5.0 ug p-nitrophenol/mL in culture did not mineralize the compound in sterile or nonsterile lake water. The bacterium destroyed p-nitrophenol in sterile sewage and enhanced p-nitrophenol mineralization in nonsterile sewage. When added to the surface of sterile soil, the bacterium mineralized little of the p-nitrophenol present at 5.0 ug/g, but it was active if mixed well with the sterile soil.[Goldstein RM et al; Appl Environ Microbiol 50 (4): 977-83 (1985)] Full text: PMC291779

BCF values of 2.5 to 7.8 were measured for carp (Carprinus carpio) exposed to 0.02 ppm and 0.2 ppm 4-nitrophenol over a 6-8 week incubation period(1). The BCF value of 4-nitrophenol was reported as 79 in fathead minnows(2) and 58 in golden orfe(3). According to a classification scheme(4), these BCF values suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low to moderate.

The sorption of benzoic acid, nitrobenzene, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, and naphthalene was determined for 10 Danish soils in laboratory studies(1); measured equilibrium isotherms were of nonlinear Freundlich type for nearly all combinations of soil test compounds(1); adsorption was significantly correlated with the organic carbon content of the soils tested(1); Koc values in the 10 soils ranged from 56 to 530 with an average Koc 210(1); no significant correlations with pH and cation exchange capacity were observed(1). The Koc of 4-nitrophenol was reported as 55 in Brookston clay loam(2) and a log Koc of 1.7 was reported in a second study(3). The increasing content of copper in two Chinese soils was shown to limit 4-nitrophenol adsorption(4). In sorption studies using peat, 4-nitrophenol had measured Koc values of 96 (when 4-nitrophenol was in the neutral state) and 16 (when 4-nitrophenol existed as anionic species)(5). Using a reference soil from Germany, 4-nitrophenol had Koc value of 148 in a soil column leaching test(6). A Koc of 26 was measured in one sediment sample from China(7). A median literature Koc value of 234 (log Koc = 2.37) has been reported for 4-nitrophenol which can be used to develop QSAR estimations(8). According to a classification scheme(9), a median Koc value of 234 suggests that 4-nitrophenol is expected to have moderate mobility in soil. However, the experimental Koc range extends from 16 to over 500 suggesting a range of very high mobility to low mobility(SRC). The pKa of 4-nitropehnol is 7.15(10), indicating that this compound will exist partially in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(11).

no data available

Product

Contaminated packaging

no data available

no data available

Information on revision

Abbreviations and acronyms

• CAS: Chemical Abstracts Service
• ADR: European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road
• RID: Regulation concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Rail
• IMDG: International Maritime Dangerous Goods
• IATA: International Air Transportation Association
• TWA: Time Weighted Average
• STEL: Short term exposure limit
• LC50: Lethal Concentration 50%
• LD50: Lethal Dose 50%
• EC50: Effective Concentration 50%

References

• IPCS - The International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC), website: http://www.ilo.org/dyn/icsc/showcard.home
• HSDB - Hazardous Substances Data Bank, website: https://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/newtoxnet/hsdb.htm
• IARC - International Agency for Research on Cancer, website: http://www.iarc.fr/
• eChemPortal - The Global Portal to Information on Chemical Substances by OECD, website: http://www.echemportal.org/echemportal/index?pageID=0&request_locale=en
• CAMEO Chemicals, website: http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/search/simple
• ChemIDplus, website: http://chem.sis.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/chemidlite.jsp
• ERG - Emergency Response Guidebook by U.S. Department of Transportation, website: http://www.phmsa.dot.gov/hazmat/library/erg
• Germany GESTIS-database on hazard substance, website: http://www.dguv.de/ifa/gestis/gestis-stoffdatenbank/index-2.jsp
• ECHA - European Chemicals Agency, website: https://echa.europa.eu/

Other Information

Depending on the degree of exposure, periodic medical examination is suggested.Specific treatment is necessary in case of poisoning with this substance; the appropriate means with instructions must be available.