It Is Imperative To Strengthen The Broken Heart Syndrome Treatment

Research and reports on broken heart syndrome in China are rare, and most of them are case-by-case nursing. This article introduces the concept, manifestation and pathogenesis of broken heart syndrome, and proposes corresponding nursing measures to further provide theoretical basis for the broken heart syndrome treatment.

Overview 

Broken heart syndrome, also known as Takotsubo syndrome, is a syndrome characterized by transient regional systolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, similar to myocardial infarction, but without obstructive coronary artery disease or acute plaque rupture on angiography evidence.

Manifestations 

The initial symptoms and signs of broken heart syndrome are similar to those of acute coronary syndrome, including sudden onset of chest pain, dyspnea, and ST-segment changes on electrocardiogram, and are often misdiagnosed as myocardial infarction. Because symptoms usually appear suddenly, they can occur after emotional setbacks, such as the death of a loved one or stress from their own illness, such as an asthma attack. It is important for clinical nurses to recognize the clinical manifestations and distinguish them from the typical manifestations of acute myocardial infarction. A correct understanding can facilitate appropriate patient evaluation, monitoring, management, and health education. Broken heart syndrome can lead to serious complications such as cardiogenic shock, severe abnormal ventricular rhythm, or a ruptured heart. Although rare, a ruptured heart is one of the most serious complications.

Pathogenesis

With the continuous in-depth study of broken heart syndrome, the research on its pathogenesis currently includes the following: direct cardiotoxicity of catecholamines; adrenaline-mediated β2 adrenergic receptor signaling pathway transition; myocardial tissue sugar and fatty acids Metabolic disorders; coronary microvascular dysfunction; coronary spasm; cardiac sympathetic hyperactivation and norepinephrine spillover. It has a good role in promoting the research of pathogenesis, the diagnosis of diseases and the health outcomes of patients.

Build a comprehensive and effective health assessment plan

In the broken heart syndrome treatment and diagnosis, nurses should conduct a comprehensive health assessment of the patient, check the patient's routine medication and record it, and inquire about the past medical history in detail, so as to find any stressful events in the patient's recent life, which is helpful to identify broken heart syndrome. Farris et al pointed out that there are currently no evidence-based guidelines for the management of patients with broken heart syndrome. The study by Prasad et al showed that, even without following guidelines, it is critical that healthcare workers follow the principles of acute coronary syndrome for every patient with typical symptoms of myocardial infarction, because the initial symptoms of broken heart syndrome are critical. Symptoms do not distinguish it from acute coronary syndrome, and coronary angiography is an important tool for early diagnosis. Inquire about the patient's current medication, history of hypertension or hyperlipidemia, smoking history, and any recent emotional or physical stressful events; assess chest pain and any other accompanying symptoms, duration and severity, and relief or any activity that exacerbates symptoms, etc.

Timely identification of mental stressors in broken heart syndrome

Research shows that mental stress factors account for 39%, of which 24% are mentally disabled. The results of a retrospective analysis showed that more patients with broken heart syndrome suffered from anxiety or depression, and the proportion was even higher than that of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. In addition, people with broken heart syndrome are more likely to be divorced, live alone, and have family disorders. The findings of Summers et al. confirmed an association between the occurrence of chronic stress or trauma and broken heart syndrome. Patients with broken heart syndrome are more likely than those without heart disease to experience chronic emotional burdens, such as the loss of a spouse, and severe family or career conflict. The study by Templin et al showed that, compared with patients with acute coronary syndrome, broken heart syndrome was associated with an increased incidence of psychiatric disorders. Therefore, in the broken heart syndrome treatment, attention should be paid to the side effects caused by mental factors.

Strengthen emotional management and moderate catharsis

It is necessary to attach importance to the psychological care of patients with broken heart syndrome, guide patients to face problems, actively find the cause of negative emotions, learn how to avoid recurrence, and deal with negative emotions in a timely manner. Talk to a friend, but avoid talking endlessly and don't allow yourself to dwell in negative emotions for too long. If it is very painful, you can cry out to remove the negative emotions in your body caused by the pain. Dr. William Foley, an American biochemist, found that crying in estrus will secrete more hormones and neurotransmitters, which help to remove negative emotions from the body. People need to learn to express their emotions when they are too sad, such as exercising or finding someone to talk to.

Summary

Broken heart syndrome is a rare heart disease in which patients recover gradually despite severe initial symptoms and an increasing recurrence rate. There are still many areas to be researched around the broken heart syndrome treatment. Nursing staff should pay attention to the identification of the disease in clinical work, actively communicate with patients, strengthen psychological care, inquire about medical history carefully, help patients find the root cause of negative emotions, and eliminate negative emotions in time. It is expected that more nursing experts will provide personalized broken heart syndrome treatment , and it is imperative to build nursing management guidelines for patients with broken heart syndrome.