It is a disease caused by primary hypertension, including benign arteriolar nephrosclerosis (also known as hypertensive renal arteriolar nephrosclerosis) and malignant arteriolar nephrosclerosis, accompanied by corresponding clinical manifestations. Most patients are over 40 to 50 years old, with a history of hypertension of more than 5 to 10 years. In the early stage, there is only increased nocturia, followed by proteinuria. In some cases, transient gross hematuria may occur due to capillary rupture, but without obvious low back pain. It is often combined with arteriosclerotic retinopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary heart disease, heart failure, cerebral arteriosclerosis and (or) history of cerebrovascular accident.