Bacterial pneumonia accounts for 80% of all types of pathogen pneumonia in adults. Since the advent of the antibiotic era, the prognosis of bacterial pneumonia has improved significantly, but the mortality rate has remained high since the 1960s. At present, some new characteristics of bacterial pneumonia have emerged, including changes in the pathogen spectrum, especially a significant increase in the rate of nosocomial pneumonia G-bacillus. Although Streptococcus pneumoniae still dominates the pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia, its clinical manifestations tend to be atypical. The bacterial resistance rate has increased, and the so-called "refractory" pneumonia is common, especially in children, the elderly and immunosuppressed patients with extremely high mortality rates. Improving the level of etiological diagnosis, rationally using antibiotics, avoiding the emergence of drug-resistant bacteria, and improving supportive treatment are issues that urgently need to be emphasized and addressed in the clinical treatment of pneumonia.