Brain abscess is a necrotic purulent cavity formed by purulent pathogens invading brain tissue. It is a common type of focal purulent infection in the central nervous system. Although it is rare in pediatrics, it is very important because improper diagnosis or treatment can lead to serious adverse consequences or even death. The incidence of this disease in my country is about 2% to 8%. Due to different sites of onset and different chronic infectious diseases suffered by patients, it is easy to misdiagnose clinically. In recent years, the advancement of diagnostic technologies such as CT and MRI has greatly improved the understanding of this type of focal infection. Although the treatment of this disease is very difficult, it is still possible to obtain a good prognosis through timely and appropriate treatment.