Etoposide is an effective component of lignans isolated from podophyllin. VP-16 is a cell cycle-specific anti-tumor drug that acts in the late S phase or G2 phase. Its action site is topoisomerase II, forming a stable cleavable complex between drug, enzyme and DNA, interfering with DNA topoisomerase II, making the damaged DNA unable to be repaired. By stabilizing the DNA breakage complex, it causes double-line breaks in DNA and topoisomerase II. It activates certain endonucleases in vivo, or acts on DNA through its metabolites, and its non-glycoside homologue 4-demethylepipodophyllotoxin can inhibit microtubule assembly.

Cefazolin is a first-generation cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. Except for Enterococcus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus, this product has good antibacterial activity against other Gram-positive cocci, and Streptococcus pneumoniae and hemolytic Streptococcus are highly sensitive to this product. Diphtheria Corynebacterium, anthrax Bacillus, Listeria and Clostridium are also very sensitive to this product. This product has good antibacterial activity against some Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but has poor antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus. Salmonella typhi, Shigella and Neisseria are sensitive to this product, while other Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are resistant. Enzyme-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae is resistant to this product; Haemophilus influenzae is only moderately sensitive. Gram-positive anaerobes and some Gram-negative anaerobes are mostly sensitive to this product. Bacteroides fragilis is resistant.

The specific pharmacological effects are not clearly described from the above information

It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus and Bacteroides fragilis. Its mechanism of action is that it shows a strong affinity for penicillin-binding protein, which is the usual point of action of beta-lactam antibiotics, inhibits cell wall synthesis, binds to peptidoglycan, inhibits the binding of peptidoglycan to lipoprotein to promote bacteriolysis, and shows a strong bactericidal effect in a short time. This product shows antibacterial effect on bacteria during the proliferation period and the early stage of the stable period, and has a bactericidal effect at concentrations lower than the MIC, and lyses bacteria in a short time. The antibacterial effect in vivo is stronger than the prediction of MIC.

It has a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, especially against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Haemophilus influenzae, Proteus and Bacteroides fragilis. Its mechanism of action is that it shows a strong affinity for penicillin-binding protein, which is the usual point of action of beta-lactam antibiotics, inhibits cell wall synthesis, binds to peptidoglycan, inhibits the binding of peptidoglycan to lipoprotein to promote bacteriolysis, and shows a strong bactericidal effect in a short time. This product shows antibacterial effect on bacteria during the proliferation period and the early stage of the stable period, and has a bactericidal effect at concentrations lower than the MIC, and lyses bacteria in a short time. The antibacterial effect in vivo is stronger than the prediction of MIC.