This product belongs to the macrolide antibiotics, and has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus, various groups of Streptococcus and Gram-positive bacilli. Neisseria, Haemophilus influenzae, Bordetella pertussis, etc. may also be sensitive to this product. This product also has antibacterial activity against various anaerobic bacteria except Bacteroides fragilis and Fusobacterium; it also has inhibitory effects on Legionella, Campylobacter fetus, some spirochetes, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Rickettsia and Chlamydia. This product is an antibacterial agent, but it also has a bactericidal effect on some bacteria at high concentrations. This product can penetrate the bacterial cell membrane and reversibly bind to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome near the donor site (P site), blocking the transfer RNA (t-RNA) binding to the P site, and also blocking the displacement of the polypeptide chain from the acceptor site (A site) to the P site, thereby inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. This product is only effective against bacteria that actively divide.

It participates in the methyl conversion and folic acid metabolism in the body, and promotes the conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate. When it is deficient, it leads to DNA synthesis disorders and affects the maturation of red blood cells. It also promotes the conversion of methylmalonic acid into succinic acid and participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This effect is related to the synthesis of myelin lipids and the maintenance of the integrity of myelinated nerve fiber functions. The nerve damage caused by vitamin B12 deficiency may be related to this.

This product is an anti-anemia drug. Vitamin B12 participates in methyl conversion and folic acid metabolism in the body, and promotes the conversion of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate into tetrahydrofolate. When it is deficient, it leads to DNA synthesis disorders and affects the maturation of red blood cells. This product also promotes the conversion of methylmalonic acid into succinic acid and participates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle. This effect is related to the synthesis of nerve myelin lipids and the maintenance of the integrity of myelinated nerve fiber function. The nerve damage caused by vitamin B12 deficiency may be related to this.

This product is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that has good antibacterial effects on various Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Its mechanism of action is to bind to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes and inhibit the synthesis of bacterial proteins. In recent years, the number of Gram-negative bacteria resistant to gentamicin has increased significantly.

This product is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. The antibacterial spectrum is similar to that of gentamicin. It has antibacterial effects on Gram-negative bacteria such as Escherichia coli, aerogenes, Klebsiella, Proteus mirabilis, some indole-positive Proteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some Neisseria, some non-pigmented Serratia and Shigella. Among Gram-positive bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus (including β-lactamase-producing strains) is sensitive to this product; Streptococci (including Streptococcus pyogenes, Pneumococcus, Streptococcus faecalis, etc.) are resistant to this product. Anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides), Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Rickettsia, viruses and fungi are also resistant to this product. This product is stable to aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC (6') produced by bacteria, so it still has antibacterial activity against bacteria that are resistant to kanamycin, gentamicin, amikacin, ribosomycin, etc. due to the production of this enzyme. The minimum inhibitory concentration of this product is 0.1-6.25 mg/L. The mechanism of action of this product is to bind to the bacterial ribosome 30S subunit and inhibit the synthesis of bacterial protein.