Clonidine Hydrochloride Tablets
Function and Efficacy
1. Clonidine is an alpha receptor agonist. 2. Clonidine directly stimulates the alpha 2 receptors of the central postsynaptic membrane of the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata, excites inhibitory neurons, reduces the outflow of central sympathetic nerve impulses, and thus inhibits peripheral sympathetic nerve activity. Clonidine also stimulates the alpha 2 receptors of the presynaptic membrane of peripheral sympathetic nerves, enhances their negative feedback, reduces the release of norepinephrine from peripheral nerves, reduces peripheral vascular and renal vascular resistance, slows heart rate, and lowers blood pressure. Renal blood flow and glomerular filtration rate remain basically unchanged. Orthostatic symptoms are mild or rare, and postural hypotension rarely occurs. 3. Clonidine hydrochloride moderately reduces supine cardiac output (15%~20%) without changing peripheral vascular resistance; 45deg; tilt slightly reduces cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance. After long-term treatment, cardiac output tends to normal, but peripheral vascular resistance continues to decrease. Most patients using clonidine have a slow heart rate, but the drug has no effect on hemodynamics. 4. Clinical studies have confirmed that clonidine reduces plasma renin activity and reduces aldosterone and catecholamine secretion, but the exact relationship between these pharmacological effects and antihypertensive effects is not completely clear. 5. Acute use of clonidine hydrochloride stimulates the release of growth hormone in children and adults, but long-term use does not cause a sustained increase in growth hormone levels. 6. Clonidine can treat migraines, dysmenorrhea and menopausal hot flashes, but its therapeutic mechanism is unclear and may work by stabilizing peripheral blood vessels. It may help quit opioid addiction by inhibiting the activity of alpha receptors in the brain. Carcinogenicity, mutagenicity and reproductive toxicity Mice took 32 to 46 times the maximum recommended human dose of clonidine hydrochloride for 132 weeks without carcinogenic events. Clonidine hydrochloride, 3 times the maximum recommended human dose, had no teratogenic effect on rabbits and no erythrocyte toxicity. Clonidine hydrochloride at 150mcg/kg or about 3 times the maximum recommended human dose does not affect the reproductive capacity of male or female mice; but 500~2000mcg/kg or 10~40 times the maximum recommended human dose affects the reproductive capacity of female mice.
Ingredients
The main ingredient of this product is clonidine hydrochloride.
| Name | Description | Content | CAS NO. | Manufacturer |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clonidine hydrochlorideIngredients |
1. Clonidine is an alpha receptor agonist. 2. It stimulates the alpha 2 receptors of the central postsynaptic membrane of the hypothalamus and medulla oblongata, reduces the outflow of central sympathetic nerve impulses, and inhibits peripheral sympathetic nerve activity; it stimulates the alpha 2 receptors of the presynaptic membrane of peripheral sympathetic nerves, reduces the release of norepinephrine, reduces peripheral vascular and renal vascular resistance, slows heart rate, and lowers blood pressure. 3. It moderately reduces cardiac output when lying without changing peripheral vascular resistance, and slightly reduces cardiac output and peripheral vascular resistance when tilted. 4. After long-term treatment, cardiac output tends to normal, but peripheral vascular resistance continues to decrease. 5. It reduces plasma renin activity and aldosterone and catecholamine secretion. 6. Acute use stimulates the release of growth hormone, but long-term use does not cause a continuous increase in growth hormone levels. 7. It can be used to treat migraine, dysmenorrhea, and menopausal hot flashes, which may work by stabilizing peripheral blood vessels, or by inhibiting the activity of alpha receptors in the brain to quit opioid addiction. More |
4205-91-8 | 23 |
Appearance
This product is white tablets
Indication
(1) Hypertension (not used as first-line medication) (2) Hypertensive emergencies. (3) Migraine, menopausal hot flashes, dysmenorrhea, and symptoms of opioid withdrawal.
Usage and Dosage
1. Lower blood pressure. Oral, starting dose 0.1 mg, twice a day; increase gradually every 2 to 4 days as needed, 0.1 to 0.2 mg per day. The commonly used maintenance dose is 0.3 to 0.9 mg/day, divided into 2 to 4 oral doses. When severe hypertension requires emergency treatment, start with 0.2 mg orally, followed by 0.1 mg every hour until diastolic blood pressure is controlled or the total amount reaches 0.7 mg, and then use the maintenance dose. 2. Menopausal hot flashes. 0.025 to 0.075 mg once, twice a day. 3. Severe dysmenorrhea. Take 0.025 mg orally, twice a day, before and during menstruation, for a total of 14 days. 4. Migraine. 0.025 mg once, 2 to 4 times a day, up to 0.05 mg, 3 times a day. 5. Maximum dose. 0.6 mg once, 2.4 mg a day
Adverse Reactions
Most adverse reactions are mild and alleviated with the course of medication. Common: The most common are dry mouth (dose-related), lethargy, dizziness, depression, constipation and sedation, decreased sexual function and frequent urination at night, itching, nausea, vomiting, insomnia, urticaria, angioedema and urticaria, fatigue, orthostatic symptoms, tension and anxiety, hair loss, rash, anorexia and general discomfort, weight gain, headache, fatigue, withdrawal syndrome, transient abnormal liver function. Rare: muscle and joint pain, palpitations, tachycardia, bradycardia, lower limb cramps, dysuria, male breast development, urinary retention, and even more rare are dreaminess, sleepwalking, restlessness, excitement, hallucinations, delirium, Raynaud's phenomenon, heart failure, electrocardiogram abnormalities such as conduction disorders, arrhythmias, fever, transient increase in blood sugar, increase in serum creatine phosphokinase, hepatitis and mumps, etc.
Precautions
People who are allergic to clonidine.
Special Population Medication
Precautions for children: No such test has been conducted and no reliable references are available. Precautions for pregnancy and lactation: Animal studies have found that it is harmful to the fetus, but human studies are insufficient. This product can be secreted through breast milk. This drug should only be used in pregnant and lactating women when necessary. Precautions for the elderly: The elderly are more sensitive to antihypertensive effects, and renal function decreases with age. When using it, the dosage must be reduced, and attention should be paid to preventing postural hypotension.
Drug Interactions
1. When used in combination with central nervous system depressants such as ethanol, barbiturates or sedatives, the central nervous system depressant effect can be enhanced. 2. When used in combination with other antihypertensive drugs, the antihypertensive effect can be enhanced. 3. When used in combination with beta-blockers and then discontinued, the withdrawal syndrome of clonidine can be increased. Therefore, it is advisable to discontinue beta-blockers first and then discontinue clonidine. 4. When used in combination with tricyclic antidepressants, the antihypertensive effect of clonidine is weakened. The dose of clonidine must be increased. 5. When used in combination with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the antihypertensive effect of clonidine is weakened.
Storage
Keep away from light and store in sealed container.
Packaging Specification
75 μg
Validity Period
36 months
Manufacturer
Jiangsu Yunyang Group Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
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Founded in:
2003-07-17 -
Address:
No. 18, Shunkang Road, Danyang Economic Development Zone, Jiangsu -
Tax NO.:
91321181752709469X -
Registered Funds:
100 million yuan -
Website:
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Email: