Red to Orange Crystalline SolidChEBI: A member of the class of rifamycins that is a a semisynthetic antibiotic derived from Amycolatopsis rifamycinica (previously known as Amycolatopsis mediterranei and Streptomyces mediterranei)
Rifampin (also referred to as rifampicin) is a macrocyclic antibiotic with major activity against mycobacteria, commonly used in combination with other agents as therapy of tuberculosis. Rifampin is associated with transient and asymptomatic elevations in serum aminotransferase and bilirubin levels and is a well known cause of clinically apparent, acute liver disease that can be severe and even fatal.|A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)
Rifampicin is a semisynthetic derivative of rifamicin B, a macrolactam antibiotic and one of more than five antibiotics from a mixture of rifamicins A, B, C, D, and E, which is called a rifamicin complex, which is produced by actinomycetes Streptomyces mediteranei (Nocardia mediteranei). It was introduced into medical practice in 1968. Synthesis of rifampicin begins with an aqueous solution of rifamicin, which under the reaction conditions is oxidized to a new derivative of rifamicin S (32.7.4), with the intermediate formation of rifamicin O (32.7.3). Reducing the quinone structure of this product with hydrogen using a palladium on carbon catalyst gives rifamicin SV (32.7.5). The resulting product undergoes aminomethylation by a mixture of formaldehyde and pyrrolidine, giving 3-pyrrolidinomethylrifamicin SV (32.7.6). Oxidizing the resulting product with lead tetracetate to an enamine and subsequent hydrolysis with an aqueous solution of ascorbic acid gives 3-formylrifamicin SV (32.7.7). Reacting this with 1-amino-4-methylpiperazine gives the desired rifampicin (32.7.8).
Red to Orange Crystalline Solid
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