API Dexmedetomidine HCl

Name	Dexmedetomidine HCl
CAS number	145108-58-3
Synonym	Dexmedetomidine HCl; Dexmedetomidine Hydrochloride; Precedex
Description	Dexmedetomidine is a potent α-2-adrenergic agonist. Dexmedetomidine is an anxiolytic, sedative, and analgesic agent. Similar to clonidine, it is an agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors in certain parts of the brain. Dexmedetomidine is notable for its ability to provide sedation without risk of respiratory depression (unlike other commonly used sedatives such as propofol, fentanyl, and midazolam) and can provide cooperative or semi-arousable sedation. Dexmedetomidine is also used in veterinary agent for dogs and cats.
Structure
Molecular Formula	C13H17ClN2
Molecular Weight	236.740
Appearance	white solid powder
Quality Standard	USP, EP, BP, CP
Shipping Condition	Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs.
Storage Condition	Dry, dark and at 0 - 4 ℃ for short term (days to weeks) or -20 ℃ for long term (months to years).
Shelf Life	>2 years if stored properly
Sample package	Aluminium foil bag
Commercial package	Aluminium Tin, Fiber drum
Origin	China

Dexmedetomidine HCl More Info

Dexmedetomidine HCl is a selective α2 - adrenergic receptor agonist.

1. Chemical and Pharmacological Properties

Chemically, its structure enables it to bind specifically to α2 - adrenergic receptors. Pharmacologically, it acts mainly on the locus coeruleus in the central nervous system. By stimulating α2 - adrenergic receptors, it induces a dose - dependent sedative effect. This kind of sedation is different from traditional sedatives. It's more like a natural sleep state. Patients can be easily aroused during sedation and quickly return to a sedated state after the stimulation ceases. For example, in the intensive care unit (ICU), patients sedated with dexmedetomidine can be awakened to cooperate with medical staff during examinations and then rest quietly after the operation.

It also has an analgesic effect. It can inhibit the transmission of pain signals by acting on the spinal dorsal horn neurons, thus producing a certain analgesic effect. This analgesic effect can reduce the dosage of other analgesic drugs and the related adverse reactions of opioid drugs such as respiratory depression and nausea and vomiting.

Moreover, it can inhibit sympathetic nerve activity and reduce plasma catecholamine concentration. This enables it to decrease the patient's heart rate and blood pressure in clinical applications and is important for controlling sympathetic nerve excitation such as in the control of the stress response during surgery.

2. Clinical Applications

In the field of anesthesia, it can be used as an adjuvant drug in the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. For example, when combined with propofol and other intravenous anesthetics, it can provide a good depth of anesthesia while reducing the inhibitory effect of propofol on the cardiovascular system. It can also be used for the adjuvant sedation of regional block anesthesia. For example, when performing upper or lower limb surgery under nerve block anesthesia, the use of dexmedetomidine can keep the patient quiet and comfortable without affecting the patient's breathing and consciousness.

In ICU sedation, it is one of the commonly used sedative drugs. For mechanically ventilated patients, it can provide moderate sedation, reduce the patient's intolerance to the endotracheal tube, and maintain the patient's hemodynamic stability.

3. Adverse Reactions and Precautions

The common adverse reactions include hypotension and bradycardia, which are due to its effect on the cardiovascular system and the inhibition of the sympathetic nerve. In addition, symptoms such as dry mouth and nausea may also occur.

For patients with severe heart block, bradycardia and other cardiovascular diseases, a careful risk assessment is required before use. At the same time, during the use process, the patient's vital signs including heart rate, blood pressure and breathing should be closely monitored so as to detect and deal with possible adverse reactions in a timely manner.