asulam 0.5%+fluroxypyr-meptyl 14.5% SE whole sell low price

asulam 0.5%+fluroxypyr-meptyl 14.5% SE whole sell low price

NOMENCLATURE

asulam

Common name asulam (BSI, E-ISO, ANSI, WSSA, JMAF); asulame ((m) F-ISO); no name (Germany)

IUPAC name methyl sulfanilylcarbamate  

Chemical Abstracts name methyl [(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl]carbamate  

CAS RN [3337-71-1]  Development codes M&B 9057 (May & Baker)  

asulam-sodium

Common name asulam-sodium

CAS RN [2302-17-2]

APPLICATIONS

Biochemistry Inhibition of dihydropteroate synthase.  Mode of action Selective systemic herbicide, absorbed by the leaves, shoots, and roots, with translocation in both the symplastic and apoplastic systems to other parts of the plant. Causes a slow chlorosis in susceptible plants.  Uses Control of annual and perennial grasses and broad-leaved weeds in spinach, oilseed poppies, alfalfa, some ornamentals, sugar cane, bananas, coffee, tea, cocoa, coconuts, rubber, etc.; wild oats in flax; docks (Rumex spp.) in grassland, fruit trees and bushes, and on non-crop land; and bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) in grassland, non-crop land, and forestry. Application rates from 1-10 kg/ha, depending on crop. Formulation types SL.  

ANALYSIS

Product analysis by rplc (CIPAC Handbook, 1998, H, 26; A. Guardigli et al., Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1984, 13, 197) or by hydrolysis with colorimetry of a derivative (C. H. Brockelsby & D. F. Muggleton, ibid., 1973, 7, 497). Residues determined by the latter method (idem, ibid.) or by hplc of a derivative (A. Guardigli et al., loc. cit.).  

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY

Reviews M. A. Gallo et al., Effect of asulam in wildlife species, residues and toxicity in bobwhite quail after prolonged exposure, Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol., 1975, 13(2), 200-205. B. Ingham & M. A. Gallo, Effect of asulam in wildlife species - acute toxicity to birds and fish, Proc. Northeast Weed Control Conf., 1975, (1), 194-199.  Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats, mice, rabbits, and dogs >4000 mg/kg.  Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >1200 mg/kg.  Inhalation LC50 (6 h) for rats >1.8 mg/l air.  NOEL In 90 d feeding trials, rats receiving 400 mg/kg diet showed no significant ill-effects. No effect observed when fed to cows at 800 ppm over 8 w, or to sheep at 50 mg/kg over 10 d. Non-teratogenic.  Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) IV  

ECOTOXICOLOGY

asulam

Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks, pheasants, and pigeons >4000 mg/kg.  Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout, channel catfish, and goldfish >5000, bluegill sunfish >3000, harlequin fish >1700 mg/l.  Bees Not toxic to bees at <2% w/v by direct contact or ingestion.  

asulam-sodium

Birds Acute oral LD50 for chickens, pigeons, quail >2000 mg/kg.  

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Animals In rats, following oral administration, 85-96% of the dose is eliminated, predominantly in the urine, within 3 days.  Soil/Environment Has a short persistence in soil, DT50 c. 6-14 d. Soil metabolism is by loss of amino group, cleavage of carbamate group, or acetylation of amino group.  

NOMENCLATURE

fluroxypyr

Common name fluroxypyr (BSI, draft E-ISO, (m) draft F-ISO, ANSI)

IUPAC name 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridyloxyacetic acid  

Chemical Abstracts name [(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid  

CAS RN [69377-81-7]  Development codes co 433 ()  

fluroxypyr-2-butoxy-1-methylethyl

Chemical Abstracts name 2-butoxy-1-methylethyl [(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetate  

Other names fluroxypyr BPE  CAS RN [154486-27-8]  Development codes -43304-H; DOE-81680-H ()  

fluroxypyr-meptyl

Chemical Abstracts name 1-methylheptyl [(4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetate  

Other names fluroxypyr MHE  CAS RN [81406-37-3]  EEC no. 279-752-9  Development codes co 433 MHE; XRD-433 1MHE; -43300-H (all )  

COMMERCIALISATION

History Herbicide reported by O. Visbecq et al. (COLUMA Conf., 1983, p. 257). Fluroxypyr-meptyl (the 1-methylheptyl ester) introduced in UK (1985) by  Chemical Co. (now  AgroSciences).  

APPLICATIONS

Biochemistry Synthetic auxin (acting like indolylacetic acid).  Mode of action Fluroxypyr is applied as fluroxypyr-meptyl. After predominantly foliar uptake, the ester is hydrolysed to the parent acid, which is the herbicidally active form, and translocated rapidly to other parts of the plants. Acts by inducing characteristic auxin-type responses, e.g. leaf curling.  Uses Fluroxypyr is effective by post-emergence foliar application, controlling a range of economically important broad-leaved weeds (including Galium aparine and Kochia spp.) in all small grain crops, and Rumex spp. and Urtica dioica in pastures. Directed applications are used against herbaceous and woody broad-leaved weeds in orchards (apple only) and plantation crops (rubber and oilpalm), and broad-leaved brush spp. in conifer forests. Post-emergence, broadcast applications of fluroxypyr in maize up to the 6-leaf stage of the crop are used for control of Calystegia sepium, Convolvulus arvensis and Solanum nigrum. The meptyl and 2-butoxy-1-methylethyl esters have similar activity, the advantage of the latter being the wider range of formulation options that are available. Applied at 180-400 g a.e./ha. Phytotoxicity Non-phytotoxic to the crops for which its use is recommended.  Formulation types EC; EW; SE.  Selected products: mixtures: 'Lancet' (+ 2,4-D-dimethylammonium) ( AgroSciences)

ANALYSIS

Product analysis by hplc. Residues of fluroxypyr and fluroxypyr-meptyl determined by hplc. Details available from  AgroSciences.  

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY

fluroxypyr

Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats 2405 mg/kg.  Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rabbits >5000 mg/kg. Mild eye irritant; non-irritating to skin (rabbits).  Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >0.296 mg/l air.  NOEL (2 y) for rats 80 mg/kg b.w. daily; (1.5 y) for mice 320 mg/kg b.w. daily. No indication of carcinogenicity, teratogenicity or mutagenicity.  ADI 0.8 mg/kg b.w.  Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U  EC classification R52, R53  

fluroxypyr-2-butoxy-1-methylethyl

Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg.  Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Not a skin or eye irritant (rabbits); not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs).  NOEL NOAEL for rats 463 mg/kg b.w. daily.  Other Not mutagenic.  EC classification N; R50, R53  

fluroxypyr-meptyl

Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg.  Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >2000 mg/kg. Mild eye irritant; non-irritating to skin (rabbits). Not a skin sensitiser (guinea pigs).  Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >1 mg/l.  NOEL NOEL (90 d) for male rats 80 mg/kg daily, for female rats 300 mg/kg daily.  EC classification N; R50, R53  

ECOTOXICOLOGY

fluroxypyr

Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >2000 mg/kg.  Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout and golden orfe >100 mg/l.  Daphnia LC50 (48 h) >100 mg/l.  Algae EC50 (96 h) for green algae >100 mg/l.  Other aquatic spp. EC50 (14 d) for Lemna gibba 12.3 mg/l.  Bees Not toxic to bees. LD50 (contact, 48 h) >25 mg/bee.  

fluroxypyr-meptyl

Birds Acute oral LD50 for mallard ducks and bobwhite quail >2000 mg/kg.  Fish LC50 (96 h) for rainbow trout and golden orfe >solubility limit.  Daphnia LC50 (48 h) >solubility limit.  Algae EC50 (96 h) for green algae >solubility limit.  Bees Not toxic to bees. LD50 (oral and contact, 48 h) >100 mg/bee.  Worms LC50 (14 d) for earthworms >1000 mg/kg.  

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

fluroxypyr

Animals In rats, following oral administration, fluroxypyr is not metabolised, but is rapidly excreted unchanged, principally in the urine.  Plants In plants, fluroxypyr is not metabolised, but biotransformation to conjugates occurs.  Soil/Environment In soil, fluroxypyr is rapidly degraded by micro-organisms in aerobic conditions to 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoropyridin-2-ol, 4-amino-3,5-dichloro-6-fluoro-2-methoxypyridine, and CO2. DT50 in laboratory soil studies 5-9 d (c. 23 ). Lysimeter and field studies demonstrate there is no evidence of any significant leaching; see M. Snel et al., 15th COLUMA Conf., 1992, 1, 125.