trifluralin 480g/l 45.5% EC 96% TC China manufacuturer best herbicide

trifluralin 480g/l 45.5% EC 96% TC China manufacuturer best herbicide

NOMENCLATURE

Common name trifluralin (BSI, E-ISO, ANSI, WSSA, JMAF); trifluraline ((f) F-ISO)

IUPAC name a,a,a-trifluoro-2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-p-toluidine  

Chemical Abstracts name 2,6-dinitro-N,N-dipropyl-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine  

CAS RN [1582-09-8]  EEC no. 216-428-8  Development codes L-36 352 (DowElanco); EL-152 (Lilly)  

COMMERCIALISATION

History Herbicide reported by E. F. Alder et al. (Proc. North Cent. Weed Control Conf., 1960, p. 23). Introduced in USA (1961) by Eli Lilly & Co. (agrochemical interests now AgroSciences).  Patents US 3257190  

ANALYSIS

Product analysis by glc with FID (CIPAC Handbook, 1998, H, 292; AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 973.14) or by u.v. spectrometry (ibid., 973.13; CIPAC Handbook, loc. cit.). Residues determined by glc with ECD (J. B. Tepe & R. E. Scroggs, Anal. Methods Pestic., Plant Growth Regul. Food Addit., 1967, 5, 527; Anal. Methods Pestic. Plant Growth Regul., 1972, 6, 703). In drinking water by glc with ECD (AOAC Methods, 17th Ed., 990.06). Details from AgroSciences.  

MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY

IARC ref. 53  class 3  Oral Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg.  Skin and eye Acute percutaneous LD50 >5000 mg/kg (rabbits). Non-irritating to skin; slightly irritating to eyes (rabbits).  Inhalation LC50 (4 h) for rats >4.8 mg/l.  NOEL In 2 y feeding trials in rats, the only effect at the low dose of 813 mg/kg in diet was the formation of renal calculi. This has been shown to be reversible in a 90 d study in dogs, and a NOEL established at 2.4 mg/kg daily. NOEL in mice was 73 mg/kg daily.  ADI 0.024 mg/kg.  Water GV 20 mg/l (TDI 7.5 mg/kg b.w.).  Toxicity class WHO (a.i.) U; EPA (formulation) III, IV  EC classification Material containing <0.5 ppm N-nitrosodipropylamine is Xi; R36| R43| N; R50, R53  

ECOTOXICOLOGY

Birds Acute oral LD50 for bobwhite quail >2000 mg/kg. Dietary LC50 (5 d) for bobwhite quail and mallard ducks >5000 mg/kg.  Fish LC50 (96 h) for young rainbow trout 0.088, young bluegill sunfish 0.089 mg/l.  Daphnia LC50 (48 h) 0.245 mg/l; NOEC (21 d) 0.051 mg/l.  Algae EC50 (7 d) for Selenastrum capricornutum 12.2 mg/l; NOEC 5.37 mg/l.  Other aquatic spp. LD50 (96 h) for grass shrimp (Palaemonetes sp.) 0.64 mg/l.  Bees LD50 (oral and contact) >100 mg/bee.  Worms LC50 (14 d) >1000 mg/kg dry soil; NOEC (reduced bodyweight) <171 mg/kg.  

ENVIRONMENTAL FATE

Animals Degradation in animals is as for soil (J. L. Emmerson & R. C. Anderson, Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol., 1966, 9, 84-97). Following oral administration, c. 70% is eliminated in the urine and 15% in the faeces within 72 h.  Plants Degradation in plants is as for soil.  Soil/Environment Adsorbed by the soil, and is extremely resistant to leaching. Little lateral movement in the soil. Metabolism involves dealkylation of the amino group, reduction of the nitro group to an amino group, partial oxidation of the trifluoromethyl group to a carboxy group, and subsequent degradation to smaller fragments (T. Golab et al., J. Agric. Food Chem., 1979, 27, 163); DT50 57-126 d. Duration of residual activity in soil is 6-8 mo. In laboratory studies, degradation was more rapid under anaerobic conditions, e.g. for loam soil, DT50 (anaerobic) 25-59 d, DT50 (aerobic) 116-201 d. Soil photolysis DT50 41 d; aqueous photolysis DT50 0.8 h. Koc 4400-40 000; Kd ranges from 3.75 (0.01% o.m., pH 6.6) to 639 (16.9% o.m., pH 6.8) (H. J. Pedersen et al., Pestic. Sci., 44, 131 (1995)).