High Quaity USP/BP Standard White powder Diclofenac potassium CAS 15307-81-0 with good price and fast delivery

Diclofenac potassium More Info

Diclofenac potassium is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) used for its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antipyretic properties. It is commonly prescribed for relief of pain and inflammation associated with conditions such as migraine headaches, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and primary dysmenorrhea.

Mechanism of Action

Diclofenac potassium works by inhibiting the cyclooxygenase enzymes COX-1 and COX-2, which are essential for the synthesis of prostaglandins-lipid compounds that mediate inflammation, pain, and fever. By reducing prostaglandin production, diclofenac potassium decreases inflammation and pain sensitivity in peripheral tissues. It has relatively balanced inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 but shows somewhat greater selectivity toward COX-2, contributing to its anti-inflammatory effects.

Applications

Treatment of mild to moderate pain, including musculoskeletal pain and postoperative pain.
Relief of signs and symptoms of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (menstrual cramps).
Acute treatment of migraine headaches (not for prevention).

Dosage and Administration

Diclofenac potassium is typically administered orally in 25 mg or 50 mg doses.
For adults, the usual dosage is 50 mg every 8 to 12 hours, with total daily doses ranging from 50 to 200 mg depending on the condition treated.
For migraine, diclofenac potassium powder packets (50 mg) dissolved in water are commonly used for rapid absorption and onset.

Pharmacokinetics

Diclofenac potassium is highly soluble and rapidly absorbed after oral administration, leading to quicker onset of action compared to the sodium salt form.
Peak plasma concentrations occur within 1 to 2 hours post-dose.
The apparent volume of distribution is approximately 1.3 L/kg.
It is more than 99% bound to plasma proteins, primarily albumin.
Diclofenac diffuses into synovial fluid, which may contribute to its effectiveness in joint inflammation.
Metabolism occurs mainly in the liver via CYP2C9 and other enzymes, producing several hydroxylated metabolites with minimal pharmacological activity.
Elimination is primarily via biliary excretion into feces and renal excretion of metabolites.

Safety and Side Effects

Common adverse effects include gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, nausea, dyspepsia, diarrhea, and constipation.
Serious risks include gastrointestinal bleeding, ulceration, and perforation, especially with long-term use.
Cardiovascular risks such as hypertension, heart failure, and increased risk of thrombotic events have been reported.
Renal toxicity and hyperkalemia (high potassium levels) can occur, necessitating monitoring of kidney function and electrolytes. Symptoms of hyperkalemia include muscle weakness, slow or irregular heartbeat, nausea, and breathing difficulties.
Severe skin reactions like Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) are rare but potentially fatal; immediate discontinuation is required if rash develops.
Other side effects may include headache, dizziness, edema, elevated liver enzymes, and hematologic abnormalities.

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