Name | β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt (NADH) |
CAS number | 606-68-8 |
EINECS number | 210-123-3 |
Synonym | β-NADH reduced disodium; β-NADH; β NADH; β-DPNH reduced disodium; βDPNH; β DPNH; Coenzyme I reduced disodium salt; β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, reduced disodium; Diphosphopyridine nucleotide reduced disodium salt; β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt; NADH; NADH, disodium salt |
Description | β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt (NADH) is a vital coenzyme in cellular energy metabolism, facilitating electron transfer for ATP synthesis. Supplementation is considered safe with mild side effects but requires further research to fully establish therapeutic benefits and long-term safety. |
Structure |  |
Molecular Formula | C21H30N7NaO14P2 |
Molecular Weight | 689.44 g/mol |
Appearance | Solid powder |
Quality Standard | Enterprise Standard |
Assay | ≥98% |
Shipping Condition | Shipped under ambient temperature as non-hazardous chemical. This product is stable enough for a few weeks during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs. |
Storage Condition | Store in cool place. Keep container tightly closed in a dry and well ventilated place. |
Shelf Life | >2 years if stored properly |
Sample package | Aluminium foil bag |
Commercial package | Aluminium Tin, Fiber drum |
Origin | China |
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt More Info
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide disodium salt (NADH) is the reduced, biologically active form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), a critical coenzyme involved in cellular energy metabolism and redox reactions.
Mechanism of Action
NADH functions primarily as an electron donor in cellular respiration. It carries electrons from metabolic pathways such as glycolysis and the citric acid (Krebs) cycle to the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC). By donating electrons to the ETC, NADH drives oxidative phosphorylation, which generates adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the main energy currency of the cell. This process is essential for energy production in virtually all living cells.
Additionally, NADH participates in DNA repair mechanisms and supports enzymatic activities such as hepatic microsomal monooxygenase functions involved in drug metabolism.
Biosynthesis and Metabolism
NAD exists in two interconvertible forms: oxidized NAD+ and reduced NADH. The balance between NAD+ and NADH is crucial for maintaining cellular redox homeostasis.
NADH is produced during catabolic reactions including glycolysis, beta-oxidation, and the Krebs cycle.
The mitochondrial membrane is impermeable to NADH; thus, cytoplasmic NADH electrons are shuttled into mitochondria via malate-aspartate or glycerol phosphate shuttles.
NADH is also involved in anabolic reactions such as gluconeogenesis.
NADH works in concert with other cofactors like FADH2 to maximize ATP production.
Clinical Uses and Supplementation
NADH supplementation is explored for conditions involving fatigue, cognitive decline, and metabolic disorders due to its role in energy metabolism. Oral NADH is generally well tolerated and has been used in doses of 5–10 mg daily for up to 24 months in adults.
Side Effects and Safety
NADH supplements are generally safe and well tolerated for short-term use (up to 12 weeks or longer in some studies).
Common mild side effects include headache, nervousness, muscle pain, fatigue, and sleep disturbances.
Intravenous NAD therapy may cause flushing, nausea, headache, dizziness, and gastrointestinal discomfort, usually transient and manageable.
High doses of related NAD precursors (e.g., nicotinamide) may cause minor adverse effects such as headache, dizziness, or vomiting, especially when taken on an empty stomach.
Safety during pregnancy and breastfeeding is not well established; caution is advised.
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