High Purity 99%+ Disodium edetate dihydrate White crystalline powder with Pharmacy Grade

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Disodium Edetate Dihydrate

CAS Number: 6381-92-6

Disodium Edetate Dihydrate is the dihydrate salt of edetic acid (EDTA). It is a widely used chelating agent, meaning it has a strong ability to sequester (bind to) metal ions.

Chemical Structure and Identity

IUPAC Name: Disodium 2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetate dihydrate

Molecular Formula: C₁₀H₁₄N₂Na₂O₈ · 2H₂O (or often written as C₁₀H₁₈N₂Na₂O₁₀)

Molecular Weight: 372.24 g/mol

Structure: It consists of an ethylenediamine backbone with four acetate groups. Two of the carboxylic acid groups are deprotonated and bound to sodium ions (Na⁺). The crystal structure also includes two water molecules (dihydrate).

Key Properties

Appearance: White, crystalline powder or granules.

Solubility: Freely soluble in water. It has very low solubility in alcohols and other organic solvents.

Chelating Agent: Its primary function is to form stable, water-soluble complexes (chelates) with di- and trivalent metal ions such as Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe²⁺/³⁺, and Cu²⁺.

p: A 1% aqueous solution has a pH of approximately 4.0-5.0.

Common Uses and Applications

Disodium EDTA is preferred over the tetrasodium salt in many applications because its solution is closer to neutral pH.

A. Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics:

Stabilizer: In liquid formulations (especially injections and ophthalmic solutions), it prevents degradation by chelating trace metal ions that can catalyze oxidation reactions.

Preservative Enhancer: It enhances the effectiveness of preservatives (like benzalkonium chloride) by disrupting the cell walls of microorganisms, particularly Gram-negative bacteria.

Anticoagulant: It is used in blood collection tubes (lavender top) to prevent clotting by chelating calcium ions, which are essential for the coagulation cascade.

B. Food and Beverage Industry:

Food Additive (E385): Used to retain color, flavor, and texture by sequestering metal ions that cause oxidation and spoilage. Common in canned foods, mayonnaise, dressings, and soft drinks.

C. Industrial and Laboratory Applications:

Cleaning Products: Used in soaps and detergents to soften hard water by binding to Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions, which improves cleaning efficiency.

Analytical Chemistry: A standard reagent in complexometric titrations for determining water hardness (Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ concentration) and other metal ions.

Textile Industry: Prevents metal ion interference during dyeing and processing.

Photography: Used in developing solutions to control metal ion concentrations.

Mechanism of Action

The molecule acts as a hexadentate ligand ("six-toothed"). The two atoms and four oxygen atoms from the carboxylate groups can simultaneously coordinate to a single metal ion, forming an extremely stable, cage-like complex. This effectively removes the metal ion from solution or from any other molecule it was previously bound to.

Safety and Handling

Generally Considered Safe: It has low acute toxicity and is safe for use in regulated concentrations in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

Irritant: Can be irritating to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Dust control and personal protective equipment (PPE) like gloves and safety glasses are recommended.

Environmental Impact: EDTA is not readily biodegradable. Its ability to mobilize heavy metals in the environment is a concern, leading to its regulation in some regions.

Note on Tetrasodium EDTA: The dihydrate form is less alkaline and less irritating than the tetrasodium salt, making it more suitable for pharmaceutical and personal care applications.

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