99% Pure Thymosin Alpha 1 CAS 62304-98-7 Bulk 5-20mg for Immunity

1.  Description

      Chemical Properties: Thymosin α1 is an endogenous linear polypeptide, with the amino acid sequence Ac-Ser-Asp-Ala-Ala-Val-Asp-Thr-Ser-Ser-Glu-Ile-Thr-Thr-Lys-Asp-Leu-Lys-Glu-Lys-Lys-Glu-Val-Val-Glu-Glu-Ala-Glu-Asn-OH. with N-terminal acetylation enhancing structural stability and protease resistance. Its primary targets are TLR2/4 receptors on immune cell surfaces and the NF-κB signaling pathway, exerting effects by regulating immune cell activation and cytokine secretion. This substance exhibits stable chemical properties, resisting hydrolysis in neutral to weakly acidic environments (pH 5.0-7.0). Its half-life is 3-4 times longer than that of unmodified peptides, and it demonstrates excellent compatibility with immunomodulators such as interferons and interleukins.

     Physical Properties: Thymosin α1 appears as a white to off-white crystalline powder at room temperature, odorless and tasteless. It exhibits excellent water solubility (solubility ≥80 mg/mL), dissolving rapidly in aqueous systems such as pure water, saline, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). It is slightly soluble in ethanol and propylene glycol but insoluble in nonpolar solvents like ether and petroleum ether. Molecular weight: 3108.3 Da. Store at -20°C in a dry, sealed container protected from light; avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles. Both clinical-grade and research-grade products exhibit ≥98% purity (HPLC-assayed), ≤1.0% total impurities, 5.0%-10.0% acetate content, and are free of endotoxins and heavy metal residues.

     Source and Preparation: Thymosin α1 naturally occurs in human thymus tissue and is the core active component of thymus extracts. Industrially synthesized via solid-phase peptide synthesis using high-purity L-amino acids as raw materials, it undergoes condensation, deprotection, peptide chain assembly, and N-terminal acetylation modification. The final high-purity product is obtained through high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) purification. The synthesis process strictly controls reaction conditions to ensure peptide chain structural integrity and immunological activity. Product quality is validated through mass spectrometry (MS), amino acid sequence analysis, and bioactivity testing.

2.  Application

     Clinical Medicine Field (Core Applications): THYMOSIN ALPHA 1 has been widely adopted as an immunomodulatory drug in clinical settings. Approved indications include adjunctive therapy for chronic hepatitis B and chronic hepatitis C, adjuvant treatment for tumors (such as lung cancer, liver cancer, melanoma) during radiotherapy and chemotherapy (to mitigate immune system damage from these treatments), and immune reconstitution for immunodeficiency disorders (such as AIDS-related immune suppression and primary immunodeficiencies). Additionally, it is being explored as an adjunctive therapy for severe infections (e.g., sepsis), autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), and immune rejection following organ transplantation. Several indications are currently in Phase III clinical trials.

     Biomedical Research Field: THYMOSIN ALPHA 1 serves as a core tool reagent for investigating immune mechanisms, facilitating research into immune cell activation, inflammatory signaling pathways, and immune tolerance. Through in vitro cell models (T cells, B cells, macrophages) and animal models (immunodeficient mice, tumor model mice), it analyzes its regulatory effects on immune cell proliferation and cytokine expression (IL-2, IFN-γ, TNF-α), providing experimental evidence for drug development targeting immune-related diseases.

     Immune Health and Wellness Sector: THYMOSIN ALPHA 1 serves as a premium immune-modulating ingredient for developing dietary supplements targeting immunocompromised populations (e.g., middle-aged and elderly individuals, post-surgical recovery patients, high-stress professionals). Its small-molecule structure enables intestinal absorption into the bloodstream, rapidly activating the immune system. Suitable for daily immune maintenance and post-surgical immune restoration, it complies with EU and US dietary supplement regulatory standards.

3. Main Efficacy

     Core Efficacy of Immunomodulation and Immune Reconstruction: THYMOSIN ALPHA 1's core mechanism activates the maturation and differentiation of thymus-dependent lymphocytes (T cells), promoting the transformation of immature T cells into CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ effector T cells while enhancing the activity of natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. It upregulates pro-immune factors like IL-2 and IFN-γ while downregulating inflammatory factors such as TNF-α and IL-6, thereby balancing the body's immune response. For immunocompromised individuals, it rapidly rebuilds immune function; for cancer patients, it reverses immunosuppression caused by radiotherapy and chemotherapy, enhancing the body's anti-tumor immune capacity.

     Anti-infection and Inflammation Regulation Efficacy: THYMOSIN ALPHA 1 enhances the recognition and clearance of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi) by immune cells, boosting the body's anti-infective capacity. It exhibits auxiliary clearance effects particularly against viral infections (e.g., hepatitis B and C viruses). Simultaneously, it suppresses excessive inflammatory responses, mitigating tissue damage from cytokine storms. In sepsis models, it significantly reduces mortality and improves prognosis.

     Adjuvant Anticancer and Immune Enhancement Effects: As an adjunct to tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy, THYMOSIN ALPHA 1 protects bone marrow hematopoietic function, reduces adverse reactions like leukopenia and thrombocytopenia, and improves treatment tolerance. It also activates tumor-specific immune cells (e.g., cytotoxic T lymphocytes, CTLs), enhancing the body's recognition and killing of tumor cells, delaying tumor recurrence and metastasis. When combined with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, it produces synergistic effects.

     Safety Advantages: As an endogenous peptide, THYMOSIN ALPHA 1 exhibits exceptional biocompatibility. It is non-cytotoxic (MTT assays show >98% immune cell survival at concentrations ≤2 mg/mL), non-mutagenic, and non-reproductive toxic. Clinical use exhibits mild adverse reactions (occasional transient low-grade fever, fatigue), with no addictive properties or withdrawal symptoms. It is suitable for long-term treatment and immune maintenance scenarios, demonstrating superior tolerability compared to synthetic small-molecule immunomodulators.