High-Purity Pyrroloquinoline quinone-ultra-potent redox cofactor for mitochondrial biogenesis&cellular energy

Pyrroloquinoline quinone (abbreviated as PQQ) has the chemical formula C14H6N2O8 and a molecular weight of 330.206. It is an aromatic paraquinone compound. It appears reddish-brown in color and is soluble in water. It decomposes easily under light conditions. Its isoelectric point is 2.75 and its melting point is 250°C. PQQ is relatively stable when heated and has a unique green fluorescence. It dissociates into anions easily in weakly acidic and neutral conditions and can combine with many compounds such as water, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, ammonia, amines, boronic acid, cyanides, etc., forming corresponding adducts. In living organisms, PQQ exists in three types: quinone type (PQQ), semi-quinone type (PQQ•), and hydrogen quinone type (PQQH2), depending on the combination of electrons and hydrogen ions. Its high redox potential ensures efficient electron transfer efficiency and makes it a coenzyme with high catalytic efficiency. Besides natural occurrence, PQQ can also be biosynthesized in the body through specific gene clusters.

Food sector
Pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt can be used as a raw material in energy drinks, sports drinks, electrolyte drinks and other foods in the United States; in the European Union and Canada, it is used as a dietary supplement or natural health food. Given the insufficient safety data on the consumption of pyrroloquinoline quinone disodium salt in infants, pregnant women and lactating women, from the perspective of risk prevention, these groups should not consume it, and the labels and instructions should indicate the unsuitable population.
In recent years, PQQ has often been used as a key component in combination with NMN (β-nicotinamide mononucleotide), ergothioneine, etc., and applied in anti-aging dietary supplements to promote mitochondrial regeneration. In the anti-aging product evaluation in 2025, PQQ was used as a combined component in related products.
Animal production sector
PQQ can promote the growth and reproduction performance of mammals and is often added to animal feed. When the diet of pregnant mice lacks PQQ, it will cause the growth of newborn mice to be slow, the reproductive performance of the mother mice to be weakened or to eat the young mice; PQQ can also regulate the lipid metabolism of poultry, and when chicken feed lacks PQQ, it will cause damage to liver cells of egg-laying chickens.
Pharmaceutical sector
PQQ can enhance the production of nerve growth factor (nervegrowth factor, NGF) in cells, promote the growth and development of primary neurons in the cortex, improve the memory and cognitive ability of animals, and is also applied in the cardiovascular health field as a combined component in vascular maintenance products to provide energy for vascular cells. Relevant application products have carried out clinical research. PQQ has great potential in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, body damage and obesity syndrome diseases, and plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological functions of organisms.
Plant sector
PQQ can increase the number of microorganisms in the soil, increase the content of available phosphorus and the content of chlorophyll in plants, thereby promoting the growth of plants. In actual production, PQQ is often formulated into a certain concentration and sprayed on the soil or performed dance-like spraying, such as for tobacco, applying PQQ (200 nmol/L) treatment, the fresh weight and dry weight of the plant roots increase by more than 9%, the maximum root length, the number of main roots, etc. increase significantly, and the root system vitality can increase by more than 1.4 times.

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• Stimulate cell growth
  Stimulate microbial cell growth: PQQ has two types of stimulating effects on microbial growth: one is to shorten the lag phase of the bacteria, similar to the essential growth factors for the bacteria, as the concentration increases, it accelerates the growth rate of the bacteria and increases the yield of bacterial cells; the other is to shorten the lag phase of the bacteria, without affecting the growth rate of bacterial cells.
  Stimulate plant cell growth: By shortening the growth stagnation period to achieve the purpose of stimulating plant growth, PQQ can also promote the synthesis of auxins and cytokinins, and promote molecular-level gene regulation, thereby enhancing the metabolism of plant cells and exerting the effect of promoting plant growth.
  Stimulate human cell growth: At low concentrations (0.003 - 30 μM), PQQ significantly enhances the DNA synthesis of human fibroblasts and significantly increases cell density, but when the PQQ concentration reaches 750 - 1500 μM, DNA synthesis is inhibited and cell death occurs.
  Nutritional factors necessary for animal growth, development and reproduction
  It was found that in mice lacking PQQ, the division ability of T cells and B cells stimulated by concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide was inhibited, the secretion of interleukin-2 decreased, the maturation and processing process of T cells were defective, and ultimately the immunity of the mice was reduced.
  Clear free radicals and protect the body from oxidative damage
  Under normal physiological conditions, the organism maintains a homeostasis, and the production and clearance of free radicals maintain a dynamic balance. Insufficient or excessive production of free radicals will have an impact on the health of the organism. PQQ can directly eliminate excessive free radicals without the participation of glutathione (GSH).
  Protect the heart from oxidative damage: PQQ can eliminate reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by hypoxia-reoxygenation, significantly reduce the release of lactate dehydrogenase in the heart, and under the catalytic action of flavin reductase, its catalytic product can also reduce the oxidative state of hemoglobin, eliminating the damage of hypoxia-reoxygenation to the myocardium.
  Prevent eye lens damage and liver lipid peroxidation: PQQ can increase the GSH level in the lens to prevent oxidative stress from damaging the lens, ensure the normal metabolism of the lens, and avoid the turbidity caused by the denaturation of lens proteins, alleviating the symptoms of cataracts.
  Inhibit chemical luminescence and inflammation production: PQQ and its derivatives can significantly inhibit the chemical luminescence caused by carbon tetrachloride and lucigenin in liver cells, as well as the chemical luminescence of mouse peritoneal cells caused by the reaction system of phycocyanin, xanthine-xanthine oxidase, yeast polysaccharide and N-methylcarbamoyl-leucyl-phenylalanine in mice, and have no toxicity to the cells.
  Antioxidant, protect liver damage: PQQ has a protective effect on liver damage caused by certain liver cell toxins.
  Other functions of antioxidant action: In ethanol poisoning, PQQ can reduce the content of acetaldehyde by accelerating the oxidation rate of acetaldehyde, thereby reducing the risk of ethanol poisoning. In protecting plants, under cold stress conditions, PQQ can slow down the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (AsAPOD), promote the decrease of GSH content, and to a certain extent, alleviate the damage of low-temperature stress to cucumber seedlings.
  Provide neurotrophic and protective effects
  Promote the generation of neurotrophic factors: In vitro, PQQ can stimulate the generation of neurotrophic factors by L-M cells; it can also promote the synthesis and secretion of NGF by Schwann cells, and the concentration of NGF mRNA in the cell increases, indicating that PQQ plays a role in promoting synthesis before NGF transcription. In terms of protecting the nervous system from damage caused by harmful substances: PQQ not only has a neurotrophic effect, but also plays an important role in protecting the nervous system from such damage.