n-Butane | Pharmaceutical Grade | 99.99% Purity | 10mg 20mg 30mg Vials | CAS 106-97-8

Product Name:
n-Butane
Synonyms:
A-17;Bu-Gas;butane(liquefiedgas);butane(non-specificname);Butanen;Butani;butylhydride;Freon 600
CAS:
106-97-8
MF:
C4H10
MW:
58.12
EINECS:
203-448-7
Product Categories:
Organics;Chemical Synthesis;Compressed and Liquefied Gases;Synthetic Reagents;Gas Cylinders;Hydrocarbons (Low Boiling point);Synthetic Organic Chemistry;refrigerants
Mol File:
106-97-8.mol

n-Butane Chemical Properties
Melting point 
−138 °C(lit.)
Boiling point 
−0.5 °C(lit.)
density 
0.579 g/mL at 20 °C(lit.)
vapor density 
2.11 (vs air)
vapor pressure 
3.21, 1.26, and 0.66 mM at 4, 25, and 50 °C, respectively (Kresheck et al., 1965)
refractive index 
1.3326
Fp 
45
solubility 
Chloroform: Sparingly soluble: 1-10 mg/ml
Methanol: Slightly soluble: 0.1-1 mg/ml
form 
gas
Odor
faint disagreeable odor
Flame Color
Bright blue
Odor Threshold
1200ppm
Water Solubility 
73.24mg/L(25 ºC)
Merck 
1515
BRN 
969129
Henry's Law Constant
(atm?m3/mol): 0.356 at 5 °C, 0.454 at 10 °C, 0.568 at 15 °C, 0.695 at 20 °C, 0.835 at 25 °C (Ben-Naim et al., 1973)
Exposure limits
TLV-TWA 800 ppm (～1920 mg/m3) (ACGIH), 500 ppm (1200 mg/m3) (MSHA).
Dielectric constant
1.4（-1℃）
Stability:
Stable. Extremely flammable. Readily forms explosive mixtures with air. Note low flash point. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong acids, strong alkalies.
LogP
2.890
CAS DataBase Reference
106-97-8(CAS DataBase Reference)
EPA Substance Registry System
Butane (106-97-8)
Safety Information
Hazard Codes 
F+,F,T
Risk Statements 
12-46-45
Safety Statements 
9-16-45-53
OEB
A
OEL
TWA: 800 ppm (1900 mg/m3)
RIDADR 
UN 2037 2.1
WGK Germany 
-
RTECS 
EJ4200000
F 
4.5-31
Hazard Note 
Extremely Flammable
DOT Classification
2.1 (Flammable gas)
HazardClass 
2.1
HS Code 
2901100000
Hazardous Substances Data
106-97-8(Hazardous Substances Data)
Toxicity
LC50 (inhalation) for mice 680 gm/m3/2-h, rats 658 gm/m3/4-h (quoted, RTECS, 1985).
IDLA
1,600 ppm (>10% LEL)

n-Butane Usage And Synthesis

Overview
N-Butane [C4H10] is a colorless gas with a faint petroleum-like odor. The main sources of butane are the refinery of crude oil and the processing of natural gas. It is commonly blended into motor vehicle gasoline to increase the fuel’s volatility and to make engine starting easier. Butane contains mixtures of methane, ethane, propane, isobutane, and n-butane and is a colourless aliphatic hydrocarbon gas with a gasoline-like odour. Butane is a component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and as such is used in a wide variety of fuel applications for both recreational and leisure use, including heating and air conditioning, refrigeration, cooking, and lighters. Butane is commonly used alone or in mixtures as a propellant in aerosol consumer products, such as hairsprays, deodorants and antiperspirants, shaving creams, edible oil and dairy products, cleaners, pesticides, and coatings (e.g. automobile or household spray paint). Butane is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of maleic anhydride, ethylene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), synthetic rubber, and acetic acid and its by-products. Butane is a simple asphyxiant with explosive and flammable potential. It is also a widely used substance of abuse. The main target organs are in the CNS and cardiovascular system. Improper use and handling cause poisoning. Exposure to high levels of butane vapors can result in asphyxia. The symptoms of butane poisoning include but not limited to, rapid breathing and pulse rate, headache, dizziness, visual disturbances, mental confusion, incoordination, mood changes, muscular weakness, tremors, cyanosis, narcosis and numbness of the extremities, and unconsciousness leading to central nervous system injury.

Figure 1 Chemical structure of n-butane.

Production
Butane is extremely abundant in many parts of the world, being relatively inexpensive to produce and mine. It is a fossil fuel, which has been created over the course of millions of years by a complex process deep inside the earth from the remains of plants, animals, and numerous microorganisms[4]. Different types of machinery that require butane to operate seemed quite magical when they were developed long ago, but there really is little magic involved in butane production. Its production demands human ingenuity, hard work, repeatable production processes, and following safety procedures every step of the way[4]. General its production includes the following steps: removal of oil and condensate; remove the water; glycol dehydration.

Applications
n-Butane can be used in the production of ethylene and 1,3-butadiene. It can also be used as a chemical feedstock for special chemicals in the solvent, rubber, and plastics industries, in the blending of gasoline or motor fuel, as a constituent in liquefied petroleum gas [LPG], and as an extraction solvent in deasphalting processes[5, 6].
N-Butane can be used for the manufacture of ethylene and butadiene, a key ingredient of synthetic rubber[7]. N-butane [R600] is a kind of ozone depletion neutral refrigerant, being a potential refrigerant for household appliances. N-butane has a slightly higher Ranking COP level compared to isobutane and a much higher COP than R134a of which the latter is still used in household appliances around the world[8].
Warning and Risk
Inhaling of butane can cause various central nerve system effects including drowsiness, narcosis, asphyxia, headache, cardiac arrhythmia and frostbite, which can result in instant death from Asphyxiation, Acute toxicity and ventricular fibrillation. Skin and eyes contact may cause burn or frostbite[9, 10]. Butane is the most commonly misused volatile solvent in the UK, and was the cause of 52% of solvent related deaths in 2000[9].
Description
Butane Residual Solvent Standard (Item No. 25932) is a certified reference material standard for butane, a solvent that has been used in the extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis and has been identified as a contaminant in butane hash oil and Δ9-THC concentrates. It is designed for use as a reference standard for butane by GC- or LC-MS. This product is intended for research and forensic applications.
Description
Butane is a flammable, colorless gas that follows propane in the alkane series. Butane is also called n-butane, with the “n” designating it as normal butane, the straight chain isomer. Butane’s other isomer is isobutane. The chemical name of isobutane is 2-methylpropane. Isomers are different compounds that have the same molecular formula. Normal butane and isobutane are two different compounds, and the name butane is used collectively to denote both n-butane and isobutane; the names n-butane and isobutane are used to distinguish properties and chemical characteristics unique to each compound. Butane, along with propane, is a major component of liquefied petroleum gas . It exists as a liquid under moderate pressure or below 0℃ at atmospheric pressure, which makes it ideal for storage and transportation in liquid form.
Chemical Properties
The main sources of butane are crude oil refi ning and natural gas processing. It is usually blended into motor vehicle gasoline to increase the fuel’s volatility and to make engine starting easier. Butane contains mixtures of methane, ethane, propane, iso-butane, and n-butane and is a colorless aliphatic hydrocarbon gas with a gasoline-like odor. Butane is a component of liquefi ed petroleum gas (LPG) and as such is used in a wide variety of fuel applications for both recreational and leisure use, including heating and air-conditioning, refrigeration, cooking, and in lighters. Butane is commonly used alone or in mixtures as a propellant in aerosol consumer products, such as hair sprays, deodorants and antiperspirants, shaving creams, edible oil and dairy products, cleaners, pesticides and coatings (e.g., automobile or household spray paint). Butane is used as a chemical intermediate in the production of maleic anhydride, ethylene, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), synthetic rubber, and acetic acid and its by-products. Butane is a simple asphyxiant with explosive and flammable potential. It is also widely used as a substance of abuse. The main target organs are in the central nervous and cardio vascular systems. Butane is found in aerosols, lighter fuel and refi lls, small blow torches, and camping stoves. Pure grades of butane are used in calibrating instruments and as a food additive. It is widely available. Misuse and adulteration of butane is a common com mercial practice.
Physical properties
Colorless, flammable gas with a faint, disagreeable, natural gas or gasoline-like odor. Odor threshold concentration in air is 1,200 ppmv (Nagata and Takeuchi, 1990). Detected in water at a concentration of 6.2 mg/L (Bingham et al., 2001).
History
Butane is extracted from natural gas and is also obtained during petroleum refining. Butane can be obtained from natural gas by compression, adsorption, or absorption. All three processes were used in the early days of the LPG industry, but compression and adsorption were generally phased out during the 20th century. Most butane now is obtained from absorption and separation from oil.
Uses
Butane is the common fuel used in cigarette lighters and also as an aerosol propellant, a calibration gas, a refrigerant, a fuel additive, and a chemical feedstock in the petrochemical industry.
Uses
n-Butane can be obtained from natural gas and from refinery hydro cracker streams. Most of the n-butane goes into fuel additive uses. The major chemical use is as a feedstock for ethylene production by cracking . The other important chemical uses for butane are in oxidation to acetic acid and in the production of maleic anhydride. In the past, butane also was the main feedstock for the production of butadiene by dehydrogenation, but it has been replaced by coproduct butadiene obtained from ethylene production.
Ethylene. The largest potential chemical market for n-butane is in steam cracking to ethylene and coproducts. n-Butane is a supplemental feedstock for olefin plants and has accounted for 1-4 percent of total ethylene production for most years since 1970. It can be used at up to 10-15 percent ofthe total feed in ethane/propane crackers with no major modifications . n-Butane can also be used as a supplemental feed at as high as 20-30 percent in heavy naphtha crackers. The consumption of C4S has fluctuated considerably from year to year since 1970, depending on the relative price ofbutane and other feedstocks. The yield of ethylene is only 36-40 percent, with the other products including methane, propylene, ethane, and butadiene, acetylene, and butylenes. About 2-3 billion Ib of butane are consumed annually to produce ethylene.
Uses
As producer gas; raw material for motor fuels, in the manufacture of synthetic rubbers.