Doxorubicin hydrochloride,cas 25316-40-9 99.5% lab research use Antineoplastic Antibiotic

Doxorubicin Hydrochloride (CAS 25316-40-9) is a cytotoxic anthracycline antibiotic isolated from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius var. caesius. It is the hydrochloride salt of doxorubicin, which is the hydroxylated congener of daunorubicin. First approved by the FDA in 1974, doxorubicin remains one of the most widely used anticancer agents for the treatment of a broad spectrum of malignancies including breast cancer, lung cancer, gastric cancer, ovarian cancer, thyroid cancer, Hodgkin's and non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, multiple myeloma, sarcoma, neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and pediatric cancers.

Mechanism of Action:

Doxorubicin exerts its antineoplastic effects through multiple mechanisms. It intercalates between base pairs in the DNA helix, thereby preventing DNA replication and ultimately inhibiting protein synthesis. Additionally, it inhibits topoisomerase II, resulting in an increased and stabilized cleavable enzyme-DNA linked complex during DNA replication, which subsequently prevents the ligation of the nucleotide strand after double-strand breakage. Doxorubicin also forms oxygen free radicals that cause cytotoxicity secondary to lipid peroxidation of cell membrane lipids, which also contributes to its cardiac and cutaneous vascular toxicity. The compound has been shown to inhibit topoisomerase I with an IC₅₀ of 0.8 μM and topoisomerase II with an IC₅₀ of 2.67 μM.

Pharmacokinetic Profile:

Following intravenous administration, doxorubicin is widely distributed to tissues including heart, kidney, liver, spleen, and lung, but does not cross the blood-brain barrier. Plasma protein binding is approximately 75%. It is primarily metabolized in the liver via CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 isoenzymes to the active metabolite doxorubicinol, which is then converted to inactive aglycones, conjugated sulfates, and glucuronides. The terminal elimination half-life ranges from 20 to 48 hours. Excretion occurs predominantly via bile (approximately 40% as unchanged drug), with less than 5-12% excreted unchanged in the urine.

Clinical Applications:

• Breast Cancer: Used in adjuvant therapy (AC, FAC, TAC regimens) and metastatic disease

• Hematological Malignancies: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloblastic leukemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma

• Solid Tumors: Small-cell lung cancer, ovarian carcinoma, bladder carcinoma, gastric cancer, thyroid cancer

• Pediatric Malignancies: Wilms' tumor, neuroblastoma, Ewing's sarcoma, osteosarcoma

• Sarcomas: Advanced soft-tissue sarcoma and bone sarcoma in adults

Key Features:

• High Purity: ≥ 98% (HPLC), meeting rigorous quality standards

• Naturally Fluorescent: Enables measurement of drug efflux pump activity and intracellular localization studies

• Substrate of MRP1 Transporter: Useful for studying multidrug resistance mechanisms

• Broad Research Applications: Suitable for cell viability assays, cancer research, metabolomics, and biochemical studies

Applications:

• Pharmaceutical R&D: As a high-quality API for anticancer drug development and formulation research

• Analytical R&D: Serves as a reference standard for quality control (QC), analytical method development and validation (AMV), and impurity profiling studies

• Biochemical Research: Used in cell viability assays, MTT assays, and drug delivery systems such as PLGA-based microparticles

• Drug Resistance Research: Used to develop doxorubicin-resistant cell lines (HepG2-DR and K562-DR) for studying multidrug resistance mechanisms

Packaging: ___ (e.g.: 1g, 5g, 10g per package, as per customer's request)

Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from direct sunlight and moisture. Protect from light. Recommended storage temperature: 2-8°C (Refrigerator). For long-term storage, -20°C (Freezer) is recommended.

Safety Information:

Doxorubicin hydrochloride is a cytotoxic compound classified as hazardous. It has been categorized as Carc. 1B, Muta. 1B, and Repr. 1B. Avoid contact with skin and eyes; handle under fume hood. It is suspected of causing cancer, damaging fertility or the unborn child, and may cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure. Use appropriate protective equipment including gloves, protective clothing, and eye/face protection during handling

Pls input...