β-Alanine (3-Aminopropionic Acid) 541-48-0 98% White Crystalline Powder Non-Protein Amino Acid / Chiral Resolution & Pharmaceutical Intermediate

1. Product Overview

β-Alanine (CAS 541-48-0), systematically named 3-aminopropanoic acid, is the naturally occurring β-amino acid (non-α-amino acid) and the only one incorporated into mammalian dipeptides—carnosine (β-Ala-His), anserine (β-Ala-1-methyl-His), and balenine (β-Ala-3-methyl-His). With the molecular formula C₃H₇NO₂ and a molecular weight of 89.09 g/mol, β-alanine is a key precursor to muscle carnosine, a cytoplasmic buffer against acidosis during high-intensity exercise. It is also a versatile building block for synthesizing β-peptides, chiral auxiliaries, and pharmaceutical intermediates (e.g., pantothenic acid/vitamin B₅ precursor, uracil mustard analogs).

2. Key Features and Benefits

• Non-Protein β-Amino Acid: The simplest β-amino acid; incorporated into β-peptides which adopt distinct secondary structures (e.g., 14-helix) different from α-peptides, valuable for peptidomimetic design.

• Carnosine Biosynthetic Precursor: Rate-limiting substrate for carnosine synthase (ATP-grasp enzyme) in skeletal muscle; used in studies of intramuscular pH buffering and fatigue resistance.

• Chiral Resolution / Derivatization Substrate: Though achiral, serves as the backbone for synthesizing chiral β-amino acid derivatives via N-alkylation or C-functionalization.

• Vitamin B₅ (Pantothenic Acid) Precursor: Metabolic conversion via β-alanine–CoA ligase in the pantothenate biosynthesis pathway; used in metabolic tracing studies.

• High Water Solubility & Stability: Freely soluble in water (>100 mg/mL), stable as crystalline solid at recommended storage.

3. Major Applications

• Pharmaceutical Intermediate: Starting material for synthesizing β-lactam analogs, pantothenate derivatives, and uracil mustard-type alkylating agents.

• β-Peptide & Peptidomimetic Research: Monomer for solid-phase β-peptide synthesis; used to study β-peptide folding, stability to proteases, and bioactivity.

• Carnosine & Muscle Metabolism Studies: Applied in cell culture and animal models to elevate intramuscular carnosine content and investigate high-intensity exercise performance, acid-base balance, and aging.

• Nutraceutical & Sports Nutrition R&D: Reference standard for quantifying β-alanine in supplements and tissues via HPLC/LC-MS; used in formulation development (research scale).

• Chiral Auxiliary Synthesis: Converted to chiral β-amino acid derivatives (e.g., N-protected β-Ala, β-amino alcohol from reduction) for asymmetric alkylation.

• Metabolic & Nutritional Biochemistry: Employed in studies of the urea cycle, pantothenate biosynthesis, and β-amino acid metabolism in mammals and microbes.

4. Technical Specifications

Item Description
Product Name β-Alanine (3-Aminopropionic Acid)
Synonyms 3-Aminopropanoic acid; β-Ala; 3-Aminopropionic acid; DL-β-Alanine (racemic form is same as β-Ala—achiral)
CAS Number 541-48-0
Molecular Formula C₃H₇NO₂
Molecular Weight 89.09 g/mol
MDL Number MFCD00008045
PubChem CID 236
Assay (Purity) ≥98% (Titration / HPLC)
Appearance White crystalline powder
Melting Point 197–200 °C (sublimes/decomposes, Literature)
Boiling Point Not applicable (decomposes)
Density ~1.437 g/cm³
pKa (Literature) pKa₁ ≈ 3.55 (COOH); pKa₂ ≈ 10.24 (NH₃⁺)
Calculated LogP ~-2.6 (zwitterionic, highly polar)
Polar Surface Area (PSA) 63.3 Ų
Hydrogen Bond Donors 2 (NH₂ + COOH in zwitterion)
Hydrogen Bond Acceptors 3 (C=O, O⁻, N)
Rotatable Bonds 2
Solubility Very Soluble: Water (>100 mg/mL, as zwitterion); Dilute HCl or NaOH (pH-adjusted).
Slightly Soluble:Methanol, Ethanol.
Insoluble:DCM, Chloroform, THF, Acetone, Hexane, Ether.
Spectral Data (Literature) ¹H NMR (D₂O, 400 MHz): δ 2.55 (t, J≈6.5 Hz, 2H, CH₂-CH₂-COOH), 3.00 (t, J≈6.5 Hz, 2H, CH₂-NH₃⁺).
¹³C NMR (D₂O):δ 33.0 (CH₂-COOH), 37.5 (CH₂-NH₃⁺), 177.0 (COO⁻).
SMILES NCCC(=O)O
InChI Key NWBVVWGQLOCWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
Storage (Powder) Room temperature or 2–8 °C, sealed, protected from moisture; stable ≥24+ months
HS Code 2922.49.95 / 3822.90.00 (Research Chemical)

5. Storage and Handling

• Storage: Store in a tightly sealed container at room temperature or 2–8 °C, protected from moisture. β-Alanine is a non-hygroscopic, stable zwitterionic solid with excellent long-term stability—≥24 months from date of manufacture.

• Handling: No special precautions beyond standard laboratory PPE. Dissolve in water, dilute acid/base, MeOH, or EtOH as required. The compound is freely water-soluble as the zwitterion.

• Solution Preparation: Prepare stock solutions in water (up to 1 M). For biological assays, filter-sterilize (0.22 μm) if adding directly to cell culture medium. Final concentration in cell culture typically 1–10 mM.

• Solution Stability: Aqueous solutions are stable for several weeks at 4 °C; for long-term storage, aliquot and freeze at -20 °C. Avoid repeated freeze-thaw cycles.

6. Safety Summary (Full SDS Highlights)

• GHS Classification: GHS07 – Warning

• Signal Word: Warning

• Hazard Statements: H315 (Causes skin irritation), H319 (Causes serious eye irritation), H335 (May cause respiratory irritation)

• Precautionary Statements: P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P330, P337+P313, P403+P233, P501

• First Aid / Fire / Spill: Standard organic base protocol — water spray/CO₂ extinguisher; sweep up; rinse eyes/skin; do not induce vomiting if ingested. Decomposes to NOₓ, CO, CO₂.

• Intended Use: For laboratory research and development ONLY. Not for human or veterinary therapeutic, diagnostic, food, or dietary supplement use without appropriate regulatory approval.

Pls input...