NAD+ ADP-Ribosyltransferase Substrate: Orchestrates Chromatin Remodeling and Repair Complex Assembly in DNA Damage Response98% high purity

1. Description
β-Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an essential coenzyme widely found in living organisms; it is the oxidized form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and is commonly known as coenzyme I. It appears as a white to off-white or yellow powder. It is highly soluble in water and saline, with a solubility of up to 200 mg/mL in water, and is insoluble in organic solvents such as acetone. It must be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from light, and kept dry at -20°C to prevent moisture absorption. This compound participates in redox reactions within cells and plays a central role as an electron carrier in energy metabolism processes such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

2. Application
(1) Biochemistry and Enzymology Research: As a coenzyme for dehydrogenase enzymes (such as lactate dehydrogenase and alcohol dehydrogenase), it is used in enzyme activity assays and metabolic pathway studies. In clinical testing, it is used to measure the levels of various enzymes and metabolites, including amylase, creatine kinase, transaminases, lactate, and glucose.

(2) Research on Aging and Metabolic Diseases: Used to study cellular energy metabolism, mitochondrial function, and aging mechanisms, serving as a key tool for exploring intervention strategies for age-related diseases.

(3) Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases: Used in the study of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease to explore potential mechanisms for improving neural function and delaying disease progression through the regulation of NAD+ levels.

(4) DNA Repair and Genomic Stability Research: As substrates for poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases and Sirtuin family proteins, they are used to study DNA damage repair, cellular stress responses, and mechanisms for maintaining genomic stability.

(5) Drug Development and Screening: As therapeutic targets for developing treatments for metabolic diseases, age-related diseases, and rare progeria syndromes.

3. Main Efficacy
(1) Redox coenzyme function: Acts as a key coenzyme in metabolic pathways such as glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and fatty acid β-oxidation, mediating the transfer of hydrogen ions and electrons to support cellular energy metabolism and ATP production.

(2) Activation of Sirtuin longevity proteins: As the sole substrate for the deacetylase enzymes of the Sirtuin family, it participates in gene expression regulation, maintenance of mitochondrial function, and cellular stress resistance by modulating the acetylation levels of histones and non-histones.

(3) Involvement in DNA Damage Repair: As a substrate for poly(ADP-ribosyl)transferases, it is rapidly consumed upon DNA damage to initiate repair processes, thereby maintaining genomic stability.

(4) Maintaining mitochondrial function and homeostasis: Sirtuins support mitochondrial health through various mechanisms, including the regulation of mitochondrial energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, and mitochondrial autophagy. Intracellular NAD+ levels are a key determinant of mitochondrial energy production efficiency.

(5) Cell protection and antioxidant activity: By maintaining mitochondrial function and activating antioxidant defense systems, sirtuins protect cells from oxidative stress damage.

(6) Regulation of cellular calcium signaling: As a precursor to cyclic ADP-ribose, it participates in the regulation of intracellular calcium signaling pathways, influencing various cellular physiological processes.

(7) Association with the aging process: As we age, NAD+ levels in the body tend to decline, which is closely associated with aging characteristics such as mitochondrial dysfunction and the accumulation of DNA damage.