Formula / MW

C6H14O6 / 182.17 g/mol

 Appearance

 White crystals or crystalline powder; sweet taste with cooling sensation

Color

White

 Odor

/Odorless

 Ionic Type

 Non-ionic; neutral sugar alcohol (hexahydric alcohol)

 Melting Point

166–170 °C (anhydrous; pharmacopeia 166–168 °C)

 Boiling Point

~494.9 °C (calculated, decomposes; no constant BP for solid)

Solubility

Freely soluble in water (5.07% aq. isotonic with serum), sparingly in ethanol, practically insoluble in ether & benzene

 Density

 ~1.52 g/cm³ (true density 1.514 @20°C; bulk 0.43–0.80 g/cm³)

 Refractive Index

N/A (solid powder; lit. 1.333–1.597 are crystal/solution values, not liquid RI)

 Flash Point

N/A (solid, low-combustibility; lit. ~290 °C, per SDS)

 Viscosity

N/A (solid)

 Assay (C6H14O6)

 98.0%–102.0% (food/pharma; USP 96.0%–101.5%)

 Identification

 Conforms (IR / chemical)

 Melting point

166–170 °C

 Specific rotation [α]D20

+23°~+24° (aq./borate; medium varies)

 Acidity & clarity

 5% aq. pH 5.0–7.0, clear

 Loss on drying

 ≤0.5% (USP); ≤1.0% (EP)

Residue on ignition

≤0.1%

Chloride (Cl)

≤0.005%

 Sulfate (SO₄)

≤0.006%

Reducing sugars

Passes

Heavy metals (as Pb)

≤10 ppm

 Nickel

≤1 ppm (hydrogenation, pharma)

Arsenic

≤2 ppm

 Microbial limits

TYMC ≤100 cfu/g

 Bacterial endotoxin

 Passes (injection grade)