Idelalisib
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Idelalisib
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CAS No:
870281-82-6
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Formula:
C22H18FN7O
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Chemical Name:
Idelalisib
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Synonyms:
4(3H)-Quinazolinone,5-fluoro-3-phenyl-2-[(1S)-1-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl]-;4(3H)-Quinazolinone,5-fluoro-3-phenyl-2-[(1S)-1-(1H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl]-;5-Fluoro-3-phenyl-2-[(1S)-1-(9H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl]-4(3H)-quinazolinone;CAL 101;GS 1101;Idelalisib;Zydelig;N6-[(S)-1-(5-Fluoro-4-oxo-3-phenyl-3,4-dihydroquinazolin-2-yl)propyl]adenine;Delalisib;(S)-2-(1-((9H-Purin-6-yl)amino)propyl)-5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one
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CAS No:
Description
Idelalisib (CAL-101) is a highly selective and potent p110δ inhibitor with an IC50 of 2.5 nM, showing 40- to 300-fold selectivity for p110δ over other PI3K class I enzymes.
Idelalisib is a member of the class of quinazolines that is 5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4-one in which the hydrogen at position 2 is replaced by a (1S)-1-(3H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl group. used for for the treatment of refractory indolent non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It has a role as an antineoplastic agent, an apoptosis inducer and an EC 2.7.1.137 (phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase) inhibitor. It is a member of purines, an organofluorine compound, a member of quinazolines, an aromatic amine and a secondary amino compound.|Idelalisib is a phosphoinositide 3-kinase inhibitor indicated in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), relapsed follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (FL), and relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). For the treatment of relapsed CLL, it is currently indicated as a second-line agent in combination with rituximab in patients for whom rituximab alone would be considered appropriate therapy due to other co-morbidities, while in the treatment of FL and SLL it is intended to be used in patients who have received at least two prior systemic therapies. More specifically, idelalisib targets P110δ, the delta isoform of the enzyme phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, also known as PI-3K. The PI-3Ks are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer. In contrast to the other class IA PI3Ks p110α and p110β, p110δ is principally expressed in leukocytes (white blood cells) and is important for the function of T cells, B cell, mast cells and neutrophils. By inhibiting this enzyme, idelalisib induces apoptosis of malignant cells and inhibits several cell signaling pathways, including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and C-X-C chemokine receptors type 5 and type 4 signalling, which are involved in trafficking and homing of B-cells to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. Treatment of lymphoma cells with idelalisib has been shown to result in inhibition of chemotaxis and adhesion, and reduced cell viability.|Idelalisib is a Kinase Inhibitor. The mechanism of action of idelalisib is as a Kinase Inhibitor, and Cytochrome P450 3A Inhibitor.|Idelalisib is an oral kinase inhibitor that is approved for use in combination with rituximab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and as monotherapy for relapsed follicular B cell and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Idelalisib is associated with a high rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been reported to cause clinically apparent acute liver injury that can be severe and even fatal.|Idelalisib is an orally bioavailable, small molecule inhibitor of the delta isoform of the 110 kDa catalytic subunit of class I phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K) with potential immunomodulating and antineoplastic activities. Idelalisib inhibits the production of the second messenger phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate (PIP3), preventing the activation of the PI3K signaling pathway and inhibiting tumor cell proliferation, motility, and survival. Unlike other isoforms of PI3K, PI3K-delta is expressed primarily in hematopoietic lineages. The targeted inhibition of PI3K-delta is designed to preserve PI3K signaling in normal, non-neoplastic cells.
Idelalisib Basic Attributes
415.4230232
415.42
YG57I8T5M0
C78825
White to off-white powder
L01XX47|L - Antineoplastic and immunomodulating agents
29399990
Characteristics
99.2
3.7
1.47
1.741
In water, 1.19 mg/L at 25 °C (est)|pH-dependent solubility ranging from <0.1 mg/mL at pH 5-7 to over 1 mg/mL at pH 2 under ambient conditions
Keep container tightly closed. Store in accordance with information listed on the product insert.|Store between 20-30 °C (68-86 °F) with excursions permitted 15-30 °C (59-86 °F).
5.2X10-16 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)
Henry's Law constant = 1.07X10-20 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)
Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.42X10-10 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)
Safety Information
V
Stable if stored in accordance with information listed on the product insert.
P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P308+P313, P314, P405, P501
H360
SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.|Dispose in accordance with local, state, and federal regulations.
Incompatibility - Materials to Avoid: strong oxidizing agents.
The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including idelalisib, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.
|Danger|H360 (33.33%): May damage fertility or the unborn child [Danger Reproductive toxicity]|P201, P202, P260, P264, P270, P281, P308+P313, P314, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.
Respiratory Equipment (Specify Type): NIOSH approved respirator, as conditions warrant.|Other Protective Clothing: Lab coat.|Protective Gloves: Compatible chemical-resistant gloves.|Eye Protection: Safety glasses.
Fire Fighting Instructions: As in any fire, wear self-contained breathing apparatus pressure-demand (NIOSH approved or equivalent), and full protective gear to prevent contact with skin and eyes.|Suitable Extinguishing Media: Use alcohol-resistant foam, carbon dioxide, water, or dry chemical spray. Use water spray to cool fire-exposed containers. Unsuitable Extinguishing Media: A solid water stream may be inefficient.
ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Protective Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures: Avoid raising and breathing dust, and provide adequate ventilation. As conditions warrant, wear a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus, or respirator, and appropriate personal protection (rubber boots, safety goggles, and heavy rubber gloves). Environmental Precautions: Take steps to avoid release into the environment, if safe to do so. Methods and Material For Containment and Clean UP: Contain spill and collect, as appropriate. Transfer to a chemical waste container for disposal in accordance with local regulations.
Work/Hygienic maintenance Practices: Facilities storing or utilizing this material should be equipped with an eyewash and a safety shower. Wash thoroughly after handling.|Precautions To Be Taken in Handling: Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray. Avoid prolonged or repeated exposure.|ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES. Protective Precautions, Protective Equipment and Emergency Procedures: Avoid raising and breathing dust, and provide adequate ventilation. As conditions warrant, wear a NIOSH approved self-contained breathing apparatus, or respirator, and appropriate personal protection (rubber boots, safety goggles, and heavy rubber gloves). Environmental Precautions: Take steps to avoid release into the environment, if safe to do so.
Toxicity
IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Idelalisib is a white to off-white powder. It is used as antineoplastic agent, and enzyme inhibitor. It is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia, relapsed follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma. HUMAN STUDIES: Idelalisib is an inhibitor of PI3Kdelta kinase, which is expressed in normal and malignant B-cells. Idelalisib induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in cell lines derived from malignant B-cells and in primary tumor cells. Treatment of lymphoma cells with idelalisib resulted in inhibition of chemotaxis and adhesion, and reduced cell viability. Severe neutropenia has been reported in 31% of patients receiving idelalisib in clinical studies. Fatal cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis have occurred in patients treated with the drug. Fatal and/or serious hepatotoxicity occurred in 18% of patients treated with idelalisib monotherapy and 16% of patients treated with the drug in combinations. Fatal and serious intestinal perforation occurred in treated patients. Severe diarrhea or colitis occurred in 14% of patients treated with idelalisib monotherapy and 20% of patients treated with the drug in combinations. Fatal and serious pneumonitis occurred in patients treated with the drug. Fatal and/or serious infections occurred in 21% of patients treated with idelalisib monotherapy and 48% of patients treated with the drug in combinations. Idelalisib was not clastogenic in the in vitro chromosome aberration assay using human peripheral blood lymphocytes. ANIMAL STUDIES: Idelalisib was not carcinogenic in a 26-week study in transgenic mice when administered daily by oral gavage at doses up to 500 mg/kg/day in males and 1000 mg/kg/day in females. Idelalisib was not carcinogenic in a 2-year study in rats when administered daily by oral gavage. In an embryo-fetal development study in rats, pregnant animals receiving oral doses of idelalisib during the period of organogenesis (implantation to closure of the hard palate), embryo-fetal toxicities were observed at the mid- and high-doses that also resulted in maternal toxicity, based on reductions in maternal body weight gain. Adverse findings at idelalisib doses of 75 mg/kg/day included decreased fetal weights, external malformations (short tail), and skeletal variations (delayed ossification and/or unossification of the skull, vertebrae, and sternebrae). Additional findings were observed at 150 mg/kg/day dose of idelalisib and included urogenital blood loss, complete resorption, increased post-implantation loss, and malformations (vertebral agenesis with anury, hydrocephaly, and microphthalmia/anophthalmia). In a separate fertility study, treated female rats (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg/day of idelalisib) were mated with untreated males. There were no adverse effects on fertility parameters; however, there was a decrease in the number of live embryos at the high dose. Idelalisib did not induce mutations in the bacterial mutagenesis (Ames) assay. Idelalisib was genotoxic in males in the in vivo rat micronucleus study at a high dose of 2000 mg/kg.
In clinical trials of idelalisib combined with rituximab in patients with CLL and lymphoma, the rates of serum enzyme elevations during therapy ranged from 25% to 35% and were above 5 times the ULN in 5% to 8% (compared to 1% with placebo and rituximab). Severe instances of severe acute hepatocellular injury and acute liver failure were reported in patients receiving idelalisib alone and with rituximab, but the clinical features of the cases were not be described in detail. Serum enzyme elevations typically arose within 4 to 12 weeks of starting therapy and usually resolved rapidly with temporary discontinuation. In some instances, however, serum aminotransferases remained high despite stopping therapy, and in this situation corticosteroids appeared to have a beneficial effect. Most patients who developed significant serum enzyme elevations with idelalisib had a rapid recurrence upon rechallenge. In patients receiving corticosteroids, however, recurrence was less common and generally mild, allowing for restarting of therapy in most patients. Thus, idelalisib is a frequent cause of acute hepatocellular injury which may have an autoimmune component. However, idelalisib has not been widely used and it potential for causing acute clinically apparent liver injury with jaundice has not been well defined.
Fatal and/or serious hepatotoxicity occurred in 18% of patients treated with Zydelig monotherapy and 16% of patients treated with Zydelig in combination with rituximab or with unapproved combination therapies.|Idelalisib, a potent phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase delta (PI3Kd) inhibitor, is metabolized primarily by aldehyde oxidase to form GS-563117 and to a lesser extent by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4. In vitro, idelalisib inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 and 1B3, and GS-563117 is a time-dependent CYP3A inhibitor. This study enrolled 24 healthy subjects and evaluated (1) the effect of idelalisib on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of digoxin, a P-gp probe substrate, rosuvastatin, a breast cancer resistance protein, and OATP1B1/OATP1B3 substrate, and midazolam, a CYP3A substrate; and (2) the effect of a strong inducer, rifampin, on idelalisib PK. On treatment, the most common clinical adverse events (AEs) were headache and pyrexia. Grade 3 transaminase increases were observed in 5 of 24 subjects and were reversible. Two subjects had serious AEs after treatment completion (grade 3 pyrexia and/or drug-induced liver injury). Idelalisib coadministration did not affect digoxin and rosuvastatin PK. Coadministration with idelalisib increased plasma exposures of midazolam (138% and 437% for maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf), respectively), consistent with the in vitro finding of CYP3A inhibition by GS-563117. Rifampin caused a substantial decrease in idelalisib (58% and 75%, Cmax and AUCinf , respectively) and GS-563117 exposures, indicating an enhanced contribution of CYP3A to idelalisib metabolism under a strongly induced state.|Idelalisib is approved for the treatment of relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia together with Rituximab and for monotherapy of follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and small lymphocytic lymphoma. It is a potent and selective phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-d (PI3K-d) inhibitor. PI3K-d primarily is expressed in B-cells and prevents effectively proliferation in malignant B-cells. We provide a detailed report on treatment history and photo documentation of acute adverse effects of radiation therapy with simultaneous Idelalisib medication in one case of B-CLL. Radiosensitivity tests were performed for the index patient under Idelalisib and after the addition of Idelalisib to healthy individuals' blood. Radiosensitivity in human lymphocytes was analyzed with a three color in situ hybridization assay. Primary skin fibroblasts were studied after a treatment with Idelalisib for apoptosis, necrosis and cell cycle using flow cytometry. DNA double-strand break repair was analyzed by gammaH2AX immunostaining. The index patient presented a strong grade 2 radiodermatitis and grade 3 mucositis after irradiation with 20 Gy and a simultaneous intake of Idelalisib. Irradiations without Idelalisib medication were well tolerated and resulted in not more than grade 1 radiodermatitis. The index patient under Idelalisib had a radiosensitivity of 0.62 B/M which is in the range of clearly radiosensitive patients. A combined treatment of lymphocytes with 2 Gy and 10 nmol/L Idelalisib showed a tendency to an increased radiosensitivity. We found a clear increase of apoptosis as a result of the combined treatment in the Idelalisib dose range of 1 to 100 nmol/L compared to solely irradiated cells or solely Idelalisib treated cells (p=0.05). A combined Idelalisib radiotherapy treatment has an increased risk of side effects. However, combined therapy seems to be feasible when patients are monitored closely.|Concomitant use of idelalisib with an inducer of P-gp may result in decreased systemic exposure to idelalisib. When the potent CYP3A and P-gp inducer rifampin was administered concomitantly with idelalisib, systemic exposure to idelalisib was decreased.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for Idelalisib (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Idelalisib may cause fetal harm if administered to pregnant women; teratogenicity and embryofetal toxicity have been demonstrated in animals receiving idelalisib at dosages equivalent to 12-30 times the human exposure at the recommended dosage. Pregnancy should be avoided during therapy and for at least 1 month after drug discontinuance.|Idelalisib is contraindicated in patients with a history of serious hypersensitivity reactions, including anaphylaxis and toxic epidermal necrolysis.
Idelalisib is greater than 84% bound to human plasma proteins with no concentration dependence.
Drug Information
Idelalisib is indicated in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), relapsed follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (FL), and relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL). For the treatment of relapsed CLL, it is currently indicated as a second-line agent in combination with rituximab in patients for whom rituximab alone would be considered appropriate therapy due to other co-morbidities, while in the treatment of FL and SLL it is intended to be used in patients who have received at least two prior systemic therapies.|FDA Label|Zydelig is indicated in combination with an anti‑CD20 monoclonal antibody (rituximab or ofatumumab) for the treatment of adult patients with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL):who have received at least one prior therapy, oras first line treatment in the presence of 17p deletion or TP53 mutation in patients who are not eligible for any other therapies.Zydelig is indicated as monotherapy for the treatment of adult patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) that is refractory to two prior lines of treatment.|Treatment of mature B-cell neoplasms|Drug: Idelalisib
Idelalisib is an oral kinase inhibitor that is approved for use in combination with rituximab in relapsed or refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and as monotherapy for relapsed follicular B cell and small lymphocytic lymphoma. Idelalisib is associated with a high rate of minor serum enzyme elevations during therapy and has been reported to cause clinically apparent acute liver injury that can be severe and even fatal.
Antineoplastic Agents
Antineoplastic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors|/CLINICAL TRIALS/ ClinicalTrials.gov is a registry and results database of publicly and privately supported clinical studies of human participants conducted around the world. The Web site is maintained by the National Library of Medicine (NLM) and the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Each ClinicalTrials.gov record presents summary information about a study protocol and includes the following: Disease or condition; Intervention (for example, the medical product, behavior, or procedure being studied); Title, description, and design of the study; Requirements for participation (eligibility criteria); Locations where the study is being conducted; Contact information for the study locations; and Links to relevant information on other health Web sites, such as NLM's MedlinePlus for patient health information and PubMed for citations and abstracts for scholarly articles in the field of medicine. Idelalisib is included in the database.|Zydelig is indicated, in combination with rituximab, for the treatment of patients with relapsed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) for whom rituximab alone would be considered appropriate therapy due to other co-morbidities. /Included in US product label/|Zydelig is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed follicular B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (FL) who have received at least two prior systemic therapies. Accelerated approval was granted for this indication based on Overall Response Rat. An improvement in patient survival or disease related symptoms has not been established. Continued approval for this indication may be contingent upon verification of clinical benefit in confirmatory trials. /Included in US product label/|Zydelig is indicated for the treatment of patients with relapsed small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) who have received at least two prior systemic therapies. /Included in US product label/
/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: FATAL AND SERIOUS TOXICITIES: HEPATIC. Fatal and/or serious hepatotoxicity occurred in 16% to 18% of Zydelig-treated patients. Monitor hepatic function prior to and during treatment. Interrupt and then reduce or discontinue Zydelig as recommended.|/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: FATAL AND SERIOUS TOXICITIES: SEVERE DIARRHEA, COLITIS. Fatal and/or serious and severe diarrhea or colitis occurred in 14% to 20% of Zydelig-treated patients. Monitor for the development of severe diarrhea or colitis. Interrupt and then reduce or discontinue Zydelig as recommended.|/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: FATAL AND SERIOUS TOXICITIES: PNEUMONITIS. Fatal and/or serious pneumonitis occurred in 4% of Zydelig-treated patients. Monitor for pulmonary symptoms and bilateral interstitial infiltrates. Interrupt or discontinue Zydelig as recommended.|/BOXED WARNING/ WARNING: FATAL AND SERIOUS TOXICITIES: INFECTIONS. Fatal and/or serious infections occurred in 21% to 48% of Zydelig-treated patients. Monitor for signs and symptoms of infection. Interrupt Zydelig if infection is suspected.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Idelalisib (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS. (See all compounds classified as Antineoplastic Agents.)|Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction. (See all compounds classified as Enzyme Inhibitors.)
Following oral administration, the median Tmax was observed at 1.5 hours.|Following a single dose of 150 mg of [14C] idelalisib, 78% and 14% of the radioactivity was excreted in feces and urine, respectively. GS-563117, idelalisib's major metabolite, accounted for 49% of the radioactivity in the urine and 44% in the feces.|23 L|14.9 L/hr|Following oral administration of a single 150-mg dose of radiolabeled idelalisib, 78% of the dose was recovered in feces and 14% was recovered in urine; GS-563117 accounted for 44% of the dose recovered in feces and 49% of the dose recovered in urine.|The administration of a single dose of Zydelig with a high-fat meal (900 calories: 525 calories fat, 250 calories carboydrates, and 125 calories protein) increased idelalisib AUC 1.4-fold relative to fasting conditions. Zydelig can be administered without regard to food.|The median time to peak concentration (Tmax) was observed at 1.5 hours.
Idelalisib is metabolized by aldehyde oxidase and CYP3A to its major metabolite GS-563117, which is inactive against P110δ. Idelalisib is also metabolized to a minor extent by UGT1A4.|Idelalisib, a potent phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase delta (PI3Kd) inhibitor, is metabolized primarily by aldehyde oxidase to form GS-563117 and to a lesser extent by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A and uridine 5'-diphospho-glucuronosyltransferase 1A4. In vitro, idelalisib inhibits P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1 and 1B3, and GS-563117 is a time-dependent CYP3A inhibitor. This study enrolled 24 healthy subjects and evaluated (1) the effect of idelalisib on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of digoxin, a P-gp probe substrate, rosuvastatin, a breast cancer resistance protein, and OATP1B1/OATP1B3 substrate, and midazolam, a CYP3A substrate; and (2) the effect of a strong inducer, rifampin, on idelalisib PK. On treatment, the most common clinical adverse events (AEs) were headache and pyrexia. Grade 3 transaminase increases were observed in 5 of 24 subjects and were reversible. Two subjects had serious AEs after treatment completion (grade 3 pyrexia and/or drug-induced liver injury). Idelalisib coadministration did not affect digoxin and rosuvastatin PK. Coadministration with idelalisib increased plasma exposures of midazolam (138% and 437% for maximum observed plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve from time 0 extrapolated to infinity (AUCinf), respectively), consistent with the in vitro finding of CYP3A inhibition by GS-563117. Rifampin caused a substantial decrease in idelalisib (58% and 75%, Cmax and AUCinf , respectively) and GS-563117 exposures, indicating an enhanced contribution of CYP3A to idelalisib metabolism under a strongly induced state.|Idelalisib is more than 84% bound to plasma proteins. Idelalisib is metabolized to its major metabolite, GS-563117, principally by cytochrome P-450 (CYP) isoenzyme 3A and aldehyde oxidase; the drug is metabolized only to a minor extent by uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferase (UGT) 1A4.1 GS-563117 is inactive against PI3Kdelta in vitro.|Idelalisib is metabolized via aldehyde oxidase and CYP3A with additional minor metabolism by UGT1A4.
The terminal elimination half-life is 8.2 hours.|The mean terminal half-life of idelalisib is 8.2 hours.
Idelalisib specifically inhibits P110δ, the delta isoform of the enzyme phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, also known as PI-3K. The PI-3Ks are a family of enzymes involved in cellular functions such as cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, motility, survival and intracellular trafficking, which in turn are involved in cancer. In contrast to the other class IA PI3Ks p110α and p110β, p110δ is principally expressed in leukocytes (white blood cells) and is important for the function of T cells, B cell, mast cells and neutrophils. By inhibiting this enzyme, idelalisib induces apoptosis of malignant cells and inhibits several cell signaling pathways, including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and C-X-C chemokine receptors type 5 and type 4 signalling, which are involved in trafficking and homing of B-cells to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. Treatment of lymphoma cells with idelalisib has been shown to result in inhibition of chemotaxis and adhesion, and reduced cell viability.|Idelalisib is an inhibitor of PI3Kdelta kinase, which is expressed in normal and malignant B-cells. Idelalisib induced apoptosis and inhibited proliferation in cell lines derived from malignant B-cells and in primary tumor cells. Idelalisib inhibits several cell signaling pathways, including B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling and the CXCR4 and CXCR5 signaling, which are involved in trafficking and homing of B-cells to the lymph nodes and bone marrow. Treatment of lymphoma cells with idelalisib resulted in inhibition of chemotaxis and adhesion, and reduced cell viability.
/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/
/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Idelalisib may cause fetal harm if administered to pregnant women; teratogenicity and embryofetal toxicity have been demonstrated in animals receiving idelalisib at dosages equivalent to 12-30 times the human exposure at the recommended dosage. Pregnancy should be avoided during therapy and for at least 1 month after drug discontinuance.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Severe (grade 3 or 4) neutropenia has been reported in 31% of patients receiving idelalisib in clinical studies. .|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Fatal cases of Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) have occurred in patients treated with Zydelig. If SJS or TEN is suspected, interrupt Zydelig until the etiology of the reaction has been determined. If SJS or TEN is confirmed, permanently discontinue Zydelig. Other severe or life-threatening (Grade =3) cutaneous reactions, including dermatitis exfoliative, rash, rash erythematous, rash generalized, rash macular, rash maculo-papular, rash papular, rash pruritic, exfoliative rash, and skin disorder, have been reported in Zydelig-treated patients.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Fatal and/or serious hepatotoxicity occurred in 18% of patients treated with Zydelig monotherapy and 16% of patients treated with Zydelig in combination with rituximab or with unapproved combination therapies.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Idelalisib (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.
CAL 101
Idelalisib Use and Manufacturing
(S)-2-(1 -aminopropyl)-5-fluoro-3-phenylquinazolin-4(3H)-one prepared in example 26 (4.2 g) and t-Butanol (21 mL) were charged into a 100 mL round bottom flask. Triethylamine (3.91 mL) and 6-Chloropurine (2.5 g) were added at 30 00. The resultant reaction mixture was heated to85°C and stirred for 24 hours. The reaction mixture was evaporated completely under reduced pressure at 40°C. The resultant residue was diluted with water (100 mL) and stirred for 30 minutes. The precipitate was filtered and the solid was washed with water (30 mL) and n-Hexane (50 mL) and dried for 1 hour under vacuum. The crude was purified by chromatographyusing Si02 (1 00:200) (solvent MeOH: DCM: TEA:: 5: 94: 1). The eluted fractions were evaporated completely under vacuum. The isolated product was diluted in dichloromethane (100 mL) and the organic layer was washed with brine solution (2x25 mL). The organic layer dried over sodium sulphate (10 g) and evaporated under reduced pressure to yield 3.1 g of Idelalisib as pale yellow solid.Purity: 97.87percent by HPLC; chiral purity: 98.77percent by H PLCExample 6:Preparation of 5-fluoro-3-phenyl-2-[(15)-l-(7H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl]- 4(3H)-quinazolinone [idelalisib] A mixture of 2-(l-aminopropyl)-5-fluoro-3-phenyl-3H-quinazolin-4-one (50 g, 0.17 mole) and 6-bromopurine (37.5 g, 0.18 mole) was taken in tert-butanol (500 mL). To this solution, 43.4 g DIPEA [Ν, Ν, -diisopropylethylamine] was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 85 °C- 90 °C for 20 to 25 hours. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture was concentrated by distillation under vacuum and the residue was dissolved in methanol (500 mL). This solution was slowly added to water (5000 mL) and stirred for next 40 to 60 minutes. The solid was filtered then sucked dried. Finally, the solid was dried at 50 °C- 55 °C under vacuum for 4 to 5 hours to get 5-fluoro-3-phenyl-2-[(15)-l-(7H-purin-6-ylamino)propyl]-4(3H)- quinazolinone (idelalisib) (62.5 g, 89percent molar).Intermediate F1 (1.17 g, 2.2 mmol) and I2 (1.65 g, 6.5 mmol)Dissolved in dichloromethane (10 mL), hexamethyldisilazane (2 mL, 8.7 mmol) was slowly added and allowed to react at 30 C for 6 h. The reaction solution was diluted with dichloromethane (5 mL), and then a 5% Na 2 SO 3 solution (10 mL×3) and purified water (10 mL×3).Saturated saline (10 mL), washed with pure water (10 mL × 3).The organic phase was distilled under reduced pressure to give a pale yellow solid.The above closed ring of light yellow solid (1.03 g, 2 mmol) was dissolved in 30 mLIn a mixed solvent of trifluoroacetic acid/dichloromethane (1:1, v/v), The reaction was stirred at 30 C. TLC tracks to complete reaction, Distillation under reduced pressure gave a pale yellow solid, which was recrystallized from ethanol to give an amino deprotected product, edralaris, 0.8 g.Yield 88% (HPLC: 98%).To the foam prepared in Example 4 was added water (48 ml) and ethanol (48 mL)A solution of concentrated hydrochloric acid (6 mol / L, 18 mL)50 C for 4 hours, After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was added to water, The aqueous layer was then adjusted to pH 10 with saturated sodium carbonate solution and extracted twice with dichloromethane to extract the product, The organic layer was washed with saturated sodium chloride solution, Dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, Evaporated to dryness and then ethyl acetate to heat-precipitate to obtain the final product 28g.Example 4 and Example 5 Total yield:70%purity:99. 8%And the optical isomer impurity content of the compound of formula I is less than 0.1% (area normalization).
Antineoplastic Agents; Enzyme Inhibitors|MEDICATION
Table: Idelalisib Preparations [Table#8467]
Human drugs -> Zydelig -> EMA Drug Category|Antineoplastic agents, Other antineoplastic agents -> Human pharmacotherapeutic group|Human drugs -> Rare disease (orphan)|Human Drugs -> EU pediatric investigation plans|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients
Computed Properties
Molecular Weight:415.4
XLogP3:3.7
Hydrogen Bond Donor Count:2
Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count:7
Rotatable Bond Count:5
Exact Mass:415.15568639
Monoisotopic Mass:415.15568639
Topological Polar Surface Area:99.2
Heavy Atom Count:31
Complexity:685
Defined Atom Stereocenter Count:1
Covalently-Bonded Unit Count:1
Compound Is Canonicalized:Yes
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