(±)-Phenylpropanolamine

151.21

151.21

238-900-2

120735

DTXSID4023466

White, crystalline powder

R - Respiratory system

46.25000

1.76750

Solid

1.0406 (rough estimate)

101-101.5 °C

273.23°C (rough estimate)

128.065ºC

1.5380 (estimate)

0.13 M

8.67X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C (est)

LD50 scu-rat: 850 mg/kg JPETAB 85,199,45

Slight aromatic odor

Henry's Law constant = 4.0X10-11 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 9.44 (conjugate acid)

Crystals; melting point 190-194 °C; odor resembling that of crude benzoic acid; pKa 9.44 + or - 0.04. Freely soluble in water, alcohol; practically insoluble in ether, chloroform, benzene. The aq soln is neutral to litmus. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|Melting point: 171-172 °C; Specific optical rotation: +32 deg at 25 °C/D (Water) /(+)-Form hydrochloride/|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 5.70X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies discontinued drug products. Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride is included on this list. /Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride/|The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies discontinued drug products. Phenylpropanolamine polistirex is included on this list. /Phenylpropanolamine Polistirex /|The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a public health advisory concerning phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. This drug is widely used as a nasal decongestant (in over-the-counter and prescription drug products) and for weight control (in over-the-counter drug products). FDA is taking steps to remove phenylpropanolamine from all drug products and has requested that all drug companies discontinue marketing products containing phenylpropanolamine. Phenylpropanolamine has been marketed for many years. A recent study reported that taking phenylpropanolamine increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding into the brain or into tissue surrounding the brain) in women. Men may also be at risk. Although the risk of hemorrhagic stroke is very low, FDA recommends that consumers not use any products that contain phenylpropanolamine.

Wellman PJ; The Pharmacology of the Anorexic Effect of Phenylpropanolamine; Drugs Exp Clin Res 16 (9): 487-95 (1990).|Lake CR et al; Adverse Drug Effects Attributed to Phenylpropanolamine: A Review of 142 Case Reports; Am J Med 89 (2): 195-208 (1990).|Forman HP et al; Cerebral Vasculitis and Hemorrhage in an Adolescent Taking Diet Pills Containing Phenylpropanolamine: Case Report and Review of Literature; Pediatrics 83 (5): 737-41 (1989). In this report, the 11th documented case of phenylpropanolamine-associated intracerebral hemorrhage with vasculitis is described. This is the first case in an adolescent following the ingestion of an overdose of diet aid pills.|Dilsaver SC et al; Complications of Phenylpropanolamine; Am Fam Physician 39 (4): 201-6 (1989).|For more Special Reports (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

|Warning|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 39 companies from 1 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.

With amphetamines, phenylpropanolamine, and the tricyclic antidepressants, the antihypertensive effects of methyldopa are lessened.|Concomitant use /of/ phenylpropanolamine and indomethacin was associated with severe hypertension in one patient; hypertension did not occur when either drug was used alone. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|Administration of phenylpropanolamine to patients who have received cyclopropane or halogenated hydrocarbon general anesthetics may result in arrhythmias. Arrhythmias, if they occur, may respond to administration of propranolol, a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|The effects of caffeine and phenylpropanolamine are mediated through activation of the central and sympathetic nervous systems. Severe, life threatening, and occasionally fatal hypertensive reactions have been reported after their combined use. This study examined the possible pharmacokinetic interaction of phenylpropanolamine and caffeine. Sixteen normal subjects received combinations of caffeine, phenylpropanolamine, and placebo. In subjects receiving 400 mg caffeine plus 75 mg phenylpropanolamine, the mean (+ or - SEM) peak plasma caffeine concentration of 8.0 + or - 2.2 ug/mL was significantly greater than after 400 mg caffeine alone (2.1 + or - 0.3 ug/mL; t(24) = 2.4; p < 0.01). Physical side effects were more frequent after the phenylpropanolamine-caffeine combination than after either drug alone or after placebo. Greater increases in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures occurred after the combination than after either drug alone. These data indicate that phenylpropanolamine may enhance absorption or inhibit elimination of caffeine and may explain increased side effects reported after their combined use.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (15 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat oral 1490 mg/kg /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|LD50 Rat sc 850 mg/kg

... /The authors/ report a case of paranoid psychosis following use of a decongestant containing phenylpropanolamine and summarize the case report literature of psychiatric adverse effects to phenylpropanolamine in which doses were known and stated to be within recommended guidelines. A pattern of possible risk factors emerges from these reports. These may include 1) symptoms or history of mood spectrum disorder, 2) history of psychosis, 3) female sex, 4) family history of psychiatric disorder. ...|Phenylpropanolamine is contraindicated in patients with diabetes mellitus, heart disease, hyperthyroidism, and hypertension. Other contraindications include glaucoma, mental depression, MAOI use, hypersensitivity history, prostatic hypertrophy, and renal disease.

Phenylpropanolamine's production and use as the hydrochloride which is used as an anorexic and as a decongestant and in the treatment of urinary incontinence in humans, cats, and dogs(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 55(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.67(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenylpropanolamine is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of phenylpropanolamine is 9.44(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in cation form and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5). Phenylpropanolamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 8.7X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(6). Phenylpropanolamine has been categorized as a compound that is readily biodegradable after acclimatization(7).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 55(SRC), determined from a log Kow of 0.67(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that phenylpropanolamine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 9.44(4) indicates phenylpropanolamine will primarily exist in the cation form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from its log Kow(2) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Phenylpropanolamine has been categorized as a compound that is readily biodegradable after acclimatization(8).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), phenylpropanolamine, which has an estimated vapor pressure of 8.7X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase phenylpropanolamine is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 7 hours(SRC), calculated from its estimated rate constant of 5.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). Particulate-phase phenylpropanolamine may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Phenylpropanolamine does not contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(4).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of phenylpropanolamine with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 5.7X10-11 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 7 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Phenylpropanolamine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(2). Phenylpropanolamine does not contain chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm and therefore is not expected to be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(2).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for phenylpropanolamine(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.67(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of phenylpropanolamine is estimated as 55(SRC), using a log Kow of 0.67(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that phenylpropanolamine is expected to have high mobility in soil. The pKa of phenylpropanolamine is 9.94(4), indicating that this compound will primarily exist in the cation form in the environment and cations generally adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(5).

Phenylpropanolamine's pKa of 9.44(1) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may not occur(SRC) as cations to adsorb more strongly to soils than their neutral counterparts(2). Phenylpropanolamine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon an estimated vapor pressure of 8.7X10-4 mm Hg(SRC), determined from a fragment constant method(3).

While data specific to phenylpropanolamine were not located(SRC, 2007), the literature suggests that some pharmaceutically active compounds originating from human and veterinary therapy are not eliminated completely in municipal sewage treatment plants and are therefore discharged into receiving waters(1). Wastewater treatment processes often were not designed to remove them from the effluent(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 934 workers (506 of these are female) are potentially exposed to phenylpropanolamine in the US(1). Phenylpropanolamine has been used in the medical industry for more than 30 years primarily as a nasal decongestant and an ingredient in cold remedies; it was the only FDA (1978) appetite suppressant as of 1985 that was sold without a prescription in the US(2). Occupational exposure to phenylpropanolamine may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where the hydrdochloride is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to phenylpropanolamine through ingestion and use of products containing this compound(SRC).

Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic Agents; Appetite Depressants; Nasal Decongestants; Sympathomimetics|The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a public health advisory concerning phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. This drug is widely used as a nasal decongestant (in over-the-counter and prescription drug products) and for weight control (in over-the-counter drug products). FDA is taking steps to remove phenylpropanolamine from all drug products and has requested that all drug companies discontinue marketing products containing phenylpropanolamine. Phenylpropanolamine has been marketed for many years. A recent study reported that taking phenylpropanolamine increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding into the brain or into tissue surrounding the brain) in women. Men may also be at risk. Although the risk of hemorrhagic stroke is very low, FDA recommends that consumers not use any products that contain phenylpropanolamine.|/Experimental/ Pregnancy rhinitis is common and very troublesome for many women. Today, no safe and effective treatment is available for this condition. The aim of this placebo-controlled double-blind study was to evaluate the decongestive effect of phenylpropanolamine (PPA 50 mg) twice daily for seven days in 38 women with pregnancy rhinitis. In the morning, before starting the course of treatment, and two to three hours after taking the last dose of the study-medicine in the morning on the eighth day, recordings of the position of the nasal mucosal surface were made with rhinostereometry. Every evening, the women filled in a questionnaire about their symptoms on a scale from 0-9 (0 = no symptoms, 9 = extremely severe symptoms). The effects of the drug on their blood pressure and other side-effects were also determined. The patients used a newly-evaluated telephone method to assess their daily symptoms. PPA 50 mg had a decongestive effect on the nasal mucosa, as measured with symptom scores and rhinostereometry. In the placebo group, this effect was found with rhinostereometry, but not on nasal stuffiness as judged by the symptom scores. The reason why the placebo group also experienced a decongestive effect after treatment may have been due to stress because the patients were in a hurry and such stress may have a decongestive effect on the nasal mucosa. No effects on the blood pressure or other side-effects were detected. In conclusion, this study shows that PPA 50 mg twice daily may be an effective and safe treatment in pregnancy rhinitis.|VET: A six-month-old kitten had congenital urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence due to urethral hypoplasia and associated uterine hypoplasia and vaginal aplasia. Diagnosis was based on radiographic examination, surgical exploration and histological examination of the lower urinary tract. Surgical correction resulted in a marked clinical improvement. The cat became fully continent following treatment with phenylpropanolamine.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is issuing a public health advisory concerning phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. This drug is widely used as a nasal decongestant (in over-the-counter and prescription drug products) and for weight control (in over-the-counter drug products). FDA is taking steps to remove phenylpropanolamine from all drug products and has requested that all drug companies discontinue marketing products containing phenylpropanolamine. Phenylpropanolamine has been marketed for many years. A recent study reported that taking phenylpropanolamine increases the risk of hemorrhagic stroke (bleeding into the brain or into tissue surrounding the brain) in women. Men may also be at risk. Although the risk of hemorrhagic stroke is very low, FDA recommends that consumers not use any products that contain phenylpropanolamine.|Several reports have linked the abuse of phenylpropanolamine with myocardial injury, especially when overdose is involved. ... The first case of phenylpropanolamine induced myocardial injury in a young woman who was using it at recommended doses for weight control /is presented/.|Evidence shows that post partum women may be at greater risk than the rest of the population of developing psychiatric disorders with the use of phenylpropanolamine at recommended doses and with overdose.|Although urinary retention and increased intraocular pressure may be associated with ephedrine, these adverse effects have not been observed in patients receiving therapeutic dosages of phenylpropanolamine. However, the drug should be used with caution in patients with glaucoma or prostatic hypertrophy. Phenylpropanolamine should be used with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular disorders, hypertension, or diabetes mellitus. Patients should be instructed to discontinue phenylpropanolamine and consult their physician if nervousness, dizziness, or insomnia occurs. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/In adults:/ toxic dose /is 100 mg/ (although CNS and cardiovascular hyperadrenergic signs such as sweating and skin flushing may occur at a lower dose).

Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors. (See all compounds classified as Adrenergic alpha-Agonists.)|Drugs designed to treat inflammation of the nasal passages, generally the result of an infection (more often than not the common cold) or an allergy related condition, e.g., hay fever. The inflammation involves swelling of the mucous membrane that lines the nasal passages and results in inordinate mucus production. The primary class of nasal decongestants are vasoconstrictor agents. (From PharmAssist, The Family Guide to Health and Medicine, 1993) (See all compounds classified as Nasal Decongestants.)|Drugs that mimic the effects of stimulating postganglionic adrenergic sympathetic nerves. Included here are drugs that directly stimulate adrenergic receptors and drugs that act indirectly by provoking the release of adrenergic transmitters. (See all compounds classified as Sympathomimetics.)|Agents that are used to suppress appetite. (See all compounds classified as Appetite Depressants.)

Phenylpropanolamine is well absorbed orally, and the peak blood concentration is attained within one to two hours. ... The drug is principally excreted unchanged; the major route of excretion is renal. Since phenylpropanolamine is a weak base, elimination is enhanced in acid urine.|Phenylpropanolamine is readily absorbed from the GI tract. Nasal decongestion reportedly occurs within 15-30 minutes after oral administration of 25 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride and appears to persist for 3 hours. Plasma concentrations of the drug required for a therapeutic effect are not known. In one study, peak plasma concentrations of 100 ng/mL were reached in 1-2 hours and concentrations remained greater than 60 ng/ml for 6 hours following oral administration of 50 mg of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride to fasting adults. Following administration of 150 mg of an extended-release preparation of the drug, peak plasma concentrations of 300 ng/mL occurred after 3.5 hours and phenylpropanolamine concentrations remained greater than 180 ng/mL for 12 hours. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|Animal studies indicate that phenylpropanolamine is distributed into various tissues and fluids, including /cerebrospinal fluid/ and brain. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride from a controlled release caplet and solution were studied in 12 male subjects, aged 18 to 36 yr, who received either a 75 mg caplet once daily or a 25 mg solution 3 times daily for 4 days. Maximum plasma concentrations, time to maximum concentration, and areas under the concentration-time curves are reported for both caplet and solution. The mean first order absorption rate constant, elimination half-life and lag time for the drug from the caplet were 0.488 ngxhr/mL, 5.84 hr, and 0.394 hr, respectively, and 2.87 ngxhr/mL, 3.73 hr, and 0.325 hr, respectively, from the solution. The smaller apparent mean first order absorption rate constant and longer elimination half-life from the caplet is due to the slow release of drug, thereby slowing its absorption and producing sustained plasma drug concentrations.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Like other phenylisopropanolamines, small amounts of the drug are slowly metabolized in the liver to an active hydroxylated metabolite. About 80-90% of a dose of phenylpropanolamine is excreted unchanged in the urine within 24 hours. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/

The half-life ranges from 2.7 to 3.4 hrs. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|Phenylpropanolamine reportedly has a half-life of 3-4 hours. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|The bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride (PPA HCl) from a controlled-release (CR) caplet and solution was studied in 12 male subjects, who received either a 75 mg PPA HCl CR caplet once daily or a 25 mg PPA HCl solution given three times a day. All subjects received the medication for 4 consecutive days. ... The mean elimination half-life for PPA HCl from the CR caplet was 5.84 hr and 3.73 hr, for the solution. ...

The mechanism of action of phenylpropanolamine has not been conclusively determined. The drug may directly stimulate adrenergic receptors but probably indirectly stimulates both A- and B-adrenergic receptors by releasing norepinephrine from its storage sites. It is believed that B-adrenergic effects result from stimulation of cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (AMP) production by activation of the enzyme adenyl cyclase, whereas A-adrenergic effects result from inhibition of adenyl cyclase activity. With prolonged use or too frequent administration, indirectly acting sympathomimetics may deplete norepinephrine in sympathetic nerve endings and tachyphylaxis may develop. Tachyphylaxis induced by one indirectly acting sympathomimetic may result in refractoriness to other drugs of the same class. /Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|Whether the alpha1- and alpha2-adrenoceptor mediated increases in diastolic blood pressure effected by phenylpropanolamine and its enantiomers are altered by, or independent of beta2-mediated vasodilation, or beta2-adrenoceptor blockade were studied in pithed rats. The pressor responses were enhanced in the presence of the antagonist ICI-118551 and diminished in the presence of albuterol. It was concluded that each form of phenylpropanolamine possesses the intrinsic ability to interact with all of the adrenoceptors in the system used and that the interaction with those adrenoceptors determines the net increase in diastolic blood pressure that follows the intravenous administration of the compounds. These findings have a bearing on the recent controversy regarding the use of beta-blocking agents in the treatment of overdosage of phenylpropanolamine.

... This may be produced by reversing the effect of phenylpropanolamine on cardiac output. Atropine is useful for bradycardia states, and lidocaine in the presence of ventricular ectopic activity. Bradycardia: atropine sulfate ... . Ventricular tachycardia or frequent premature ventricular contractions: Lidocaine ... . If no response from lidocaine, then use propranolol ... . CNS toxic effects (agitation, disorientation, increased motor activity, hallucinations, hyperventilation, tachypnea) should be treated symptomatically. Seizures: intravenous diazepam ... .|Establish integrity of the airway, breathing, and circulation. Check adequacy of tidal volume (normal, 10-15 mL/kg). Establish baseline blood pressure, pulse, and respirations. Serial blood pressure readings should be taken where hypertension has developed suddenly, and 24 hour monitoring should be instituted if the diastolic pressure is dangerously high. If blood pressure is elevated, or there are signs of myocardial ischemia, or any tachyarrhythmias or bradyarrhythmias, begin ECG monitoring immediately. If there are any abnormalities in vital signs, establish an intravenous line. Place patient in a sitting position if it appears that blood pressure is lower in that position. Monitor urine output.|Emergency and Supportive Measures: Maintain an open airway and assist ventilation if necessary. Administer supplemental oxygen. Treat hypertension aggressively. Treat seizures and ventricular tachyarrhythmias if they occur. Do not treat reflex bradycardia except indirectly by lowering blood pressure. Monitor the vital signs and ECG for a minimum of 4-6 hours after exposure and longer if a sustained-release preparation has been ingested. /Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, and other decongestants/|Specific Drugs and Antidotes: Hypertension. Treat hypertension if the diastolic pressure is higher than 100-105 mm Hg, especially in a patient with no prior history of hypertension. If there is CT or obvious clinical evidence of intracranial hemorrhage, lower the diastolic pressure cautiously to no lower than 90 mm Hg and consult a neurosurgeon immediately. Use a vasodilator such as phentolamine or nitroprusside. Caution: Do not use beta blockers to treat hypertension without first giving a vasodilator; otherwise, paradoxic worsening of the hypertension may result. Many patients have moderate orthostatic variation in blood pressure; therefore, for immediate partial relief of severe hypertensin, try placing the patient in an upright position. Arrhythmias. Tachyarrhythmias usually respond to low-dose esmolol for metoprolol. Caution: Do not treaT AV block or sinus bradycardia associated with hypertension; increasing the heart rate with atropine may abolish this reflex response that serves to limit hypertension, resulting in worsening elevation of the blood pressure. /Pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine, and other decongestants/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Based upon 726 first trimester exposures, a possible association was found with malformations including: hypospadias, eye and ear defects, polydactyly, cataracts and pectus excavatum. After 2489 exposures during anytime of pregnancy, 12 infants had congenital dislocation of the hip. /From table/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The acute effects of a single capsule of each of two phenylpropanolamine-containing preparations were determined in a group of healthy young adults, by means of a double-blind comparison with matching placebo preparations. Supine diastolic blood-pressure rose to 100 mm Hg or more in 12 out of 37 subjects taking an anorectic preparation ( ... 85 mg phenylpropanolamine per capsule) and in 4 out of 34 subjects taking a decongestant preparation ( ... 50 mg phenylpropanolamine per capsule). Twenty of the subjects taking ... /the 85 mg capsules/ reported adverse side effects. The frequency and extent of the hypertensive response to high-dose phenylpropranolamine-containing preparations suggest that clinical use of such preparations should be reviewed and that their availability without prescription may not be appropriate.|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The variability in pharmacokinetic parameters and the relationship between phenylpropanolamine blood concentrations and blood pressure response were studied in 10 normal volunteers (mean age, 27.1 yr) following an intravenous injection of 0.44 mg/kg phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride. Mean blood pressure increased by 24/16 mm Hg after phenylpropanolamine and was statistically significant compared with placebo response. Injection of phenylpropanolamine was terminated in 2 volunteers due to excessive increases in blood pressure. The hyperresponders had the lowest peak phenylpropanolamine serum concentrations. A pharmacokinetic basis for the variability in response to phenylpropanolamine was not observed. A relationship did not exist within the group between blood pressure effect and serum concentration but did exist within each subject. It was concluded that the blood pressure effect of phenylpropanolamine in an individual cannot be predicted solely from serum concentration. /Phenylpropanolamine Hydrochloride/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ ... SOPHIA (the study of pulmonary hypertension in America), in addition to confirming previous reports of a causal association between the appetite suppressant fenfluramine and pulmonary arterial hypertension, unexpectedly found a significantly increased risk for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension with exposure to over-the-counter antiobesity agents containing phenylpropanolamine. The first case is reported of fatal pulmonary arterial hypertension in a child heavily treated with cold remedies containing phenylpropanolamine, which, in addition to the results of SOPHIA, strengthens the hypothesis that phenylpropanolamine is a risk factor for the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (21 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Dexatrim

Mucron|Rhindecon|Super Odrinex|Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride preparations.|Phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride combination preparations.

Benzenemethanol, .alpha.-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-, (.alpha.S)-rel-: INACTIVE|Benzenemethanol, .alpha.-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-, (.alpha.R)-rel-: INACTIVE|Benzenemethanol, .alpha.-[(1R)-1-aminoethyl]-, (.alpha.R)-: INACTIVE|Benzenemethanol, .alpha.-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-, (.alpha.S)-: ACTIVE|Benzenemethanol, .alpha.-[(1S)-1-aminoethyl]-, (.alpha.R)-: ACTIVE|Phenylpropanolamine is used clinically as a decongestant and an anorectic. On the street it may be sold illegally in "speed" look-alikes. The "speed" look-alikes often contain up to 50 mg of phenylpropanolamine as well as ephedrine and caffeine. Some of the slang names for these drugs are "pink ladies," "black beauties," and "speckled pups."|Present in a number of common diet aids and nasal decongestants having such names as Dexatrim, Contac, and Dimetapp.

AOAC Method 960.55. Sympathomimetic drugs. Microchemical tests.|Analyte: phenylpropanolamine; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: infrared absorption spectrophotometry with comparison to standards /phenylpropanolamine bitartrate/|Analyte: phenylpropanolamine; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: dissolution in glacial acetic acid; addition of mercuric acetate and crystal violet indicator; titration with perchloric acid to a green endpoint /phenylpropanolamine bitartrate/|Analyte: phenylpropanolamine; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: infrared absorption spectrophotometry with comparison to standards /phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for PHENYLPROPANOLAMINE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Qualitative tests of urine for phenylpropanolamine with thin-layer chromatography may be available in some clinical laboratories. Gas chromatography does distinguish phenylpropanolamine from amphetamines.