1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane

134.94

134.94

216-714-2

K90K8VM1NQ

3082

DTXSID5031393

Colorless

2903791090

0

2.05680

1.4163 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

-101.2 °C

46.8 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

In water, 850 mg/l @ 24 deg C

340 mm Hg @ 25 deg C

1.60e-14 cm3/molecule*sec

Hydroxyl radical rate constant= 1.6X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec @ 25 °C

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Fluorinated Organic Compounds

1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE is chemically inert in many situations, but can react violently with strong reducing agents such as the very active metals and the active metals. They suffer oxidation with strong oxidizing agents and under extremes of temperature. With acids, toxic gases may be released.

Critial temperature: 222 °C

IRRITANT, OZONE DEPLETER

3082

59

23-36/37/39

Xi

Irritant

P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P33, P313

H319

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|Because of recent discovery of potential ozone decomposition in the stratosphere by fluorotrichloromethane, this material should be released to the environment only as a last resort. Waste material should be /recovered and/ returned to the vendor, or to licensed waste disposal company.

Dangerous ... on contact with acid or acid fumes, they emit highly toxic fumes. /Fluorides/|DANGEROUS ... ON CONTACT WITH ACIDS OR ACID FUMES THEY EVOLVE HIGHLY TOXIC CHLORIDE FUMES. /CHLORIDES/

Zakhari S, Aviado DM; Cardiovascular Toxicology of Aerosol Propellants, Refrigerants and Related Solvents; Target Organ Toxicology Series: Cardiovascular Toxicology, XII+ 388 pages; Raven Press: New York, NY 281-326 (1982). Review of the toxicology of aerosol propellants, refrigerants and related solvents on the cardiovascular system of humans.|... The lifetimes of halohydrocarbons in air is presented. /Halohydrocarbons/[USEPA/ORD; Comments on the Lifetimes of Organic Molecules in Air. EPA-600/9-80-003 (1980)]|Anders MW; Metabolism and Toxicity of Hydrochlorofluorocarbons: Current Knowledge and Needs for the Future; Environmental Health Perspectives 96: 185-191 (1991). The metabolism and toxicity of hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), potential replacements for ozone depleting chlorofluorocarbons, were reviewed.|Bucher JR; NTP Technical Report on Renal Toxicity Studies of Selected Halogenated Ethanes Administered by Gavage to F344/N Rats; National Toxicology Program, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, Toxicity Report Series No. 45, NIH Publication No. 96-3935, 63: 43 1996. A renal toxicity appraisal of commercial halogenated ethanes, was conducted in male F344/N-rats, to elucidate structure activity relationships in hyaline droplet nephropathy induction.|Longstretch J et al; Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B Biology 46 (1-3): 20-39 (1998). The health risks associated with ozone depletion will principally be those due to increased ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation in the environment, ie, increased damage to the eyes, the immune system, and the skin. Some new risks may also be introduced with the increased use of alternatives to the ozone-depleting substances (ODSs).

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Some may burn but none ignite readily. Containers may explode when heated. Some may be transported hot. For UN3508, be aware of possible short circuiting as this product is transported in a charged state. (ERG, 2016)

|Warning|H319 (100%): Causes serious eye irritation [Warning Serious eye damage/eye irritation]|P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, and P337+P313|Aggregated GHS information provided by 41 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: SMALL FIRE: Dry chemical, CO2, water spray or regular foam. LARGE FIRE: Water spray, fog or regular foam. Do not scatter spilled material with high-pressure water streams. Move containers from fire area if you can do it without risk. Dike fire-control water for later disposal. FIRE INVOLVING TANKS: Cool containers with flooding quantities of water until well after fire is out. Withdraw immediately in case of rising sound from venting safety devices or discoloration of tank. ALWAYS stay away from tanks engulfed in fire. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Do not touch or walk through spilled material. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent dust cloud. Avoid inhalation of asbestos dust. SMALL DRY SPILL: With clean shovel, place material into clean, dry container and cover loosely; move containers from spill area. SMALL SPILL: Pick up with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. LARGE SPILL: Dike far ahead of liquid spill for later disposal. Cover powder spill with plastic sheet or tarp to minimize spreading. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. (ERG, 2016)|Many of the fluorocarbons are good solvents of skin oil, so protective ointment should be used. /Fluorocarbons/|NEOPRENE GLOVES, PROTECTIVE CLOTHING, & EYE PROTECTION MINIMIZE RISK OF TOPICAL CONTACT. DEGREASING EFFECT ON SKIN CAN BE TREATED WITH LANOLIN OINTMENT. /FLUOROCARBONS/|FORCED AIR VENTILATION @ LEVEL OF VAPOR CONCN TOGETHER WITH USE OF INDIVIDUAL BREATHING DEVICES WITH INDEPENDENT AIR SUPPLY WILL MINIMIZE RISK OF INHALATION. LIFELINES SHOULD BE WORN WHEN ENTERING TANKS OR OTHER CONFINED SPACES. /FLUOROCARBONS/

Nonflammable

SUFFICIENT EXHAUST & GENERAL VENTILATION SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO KEEP VAPOR CONCN BELOW RECOMMENDED LEVELS. /FLUOROCARBONS/|INHALATION OF FLUOROCARBON VAPORS SHOULD BE AVOIDED. /FLUOROCARBONS/|Forced air ventilation at the level of vapor concentration together with the use of individual breathing devices with independent air supply will minimize the risk of inhalation. Lifelines should be worn when entering tanks or other confined spaces. /Fluorocarbons/|Enclosure of process materials and isolation of reaction vessels and proper design and operation of filling heads for packaging and shipping /are administrative controls that may be instituted to limit occupational exposure to fluorocarbons during manufacture, packaging, and use/. /Fluorocarbons/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/|... THE COMBINATION OF FLUOROCARBON WITH A SYMPATHOMIMETIC BRONCHODILATOR IS POTENTIALLY DANGEROUS FOR THE TREATMENT OF BRONCHIAL ASTHMA. FOR THE SAME REASON, SYMPATHOMIMETIC DRUGS ARE CONTRAINDICATED IN CARDIAC RESUSCITATION OF PATIENTS SUFFERING FROM FLUOROCARBON POISONING. /FLUOROCARBON POISONING/

Its approximate oral lethal dose in rats is 25,000 mg/kg and its approximate lethal concentration is 110,000 mg/cu m.|LC50 Mouse 269 g/cu m /from table/

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 107(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 850 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 0.071 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 340 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). The potential for volatilization of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(4).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 107(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 850 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a an estimated Henry's Law constant of 0.0710 atm-cu m/mole calculated from its vapor pressure, 340 mm Hg(4), and water solubility(2). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.2 hours and 4.6 days, respectively(SRC). According to a classification scheme(5), a BCF of 14(SRC), estimated from its water solubility and a regression-derived equation(3), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane, which has a vapor pressure of 340 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is about 1,000 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.6X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(3). The water solubility of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane of 850 mg/l at 24 °C(4), indicates that it may undergo atmospheric removal by wet deposition processes; however, any removed by this process is expected to rapidly revolatilize to the atmosphere(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals is 1.6X10-14 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 1,000 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(SRC). A base-catalyzed second-order hydrolysis rate constant of 9,4X10-5 L/mole-sec(SRC) was estimated using a structure estimation method(2); this corresponds to half-lives of 2300 years and 230 years at pH values of 7 and 8, respectively(2). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not expected to undergo direct photolysis due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm)(3).

An estimated BCF of 14 was calculated for 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane(SRC), using a mwater solubility of 850 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low.

The Koc of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is estimated as 107(SRC), using a water solubility of 850 mg/l(1)and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is estimated as 0.0710 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure, 340 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 850 mg/l(2). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is expected to volatilize rapidly from water surfaces(3). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 1.2 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(3) is estimated as 4.6 days(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane's estimated Henry's Law constant(1,2) indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). 1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane would be expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

Occupational exposure to 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is produced or used. (SRC)

... MAIN FACTOR AFFECTING FATE OF FLUOROCARBONS IS BODY FAT, WHERE THEY ARE CONCENTRATED & SLOWLY RELEASED INTO BLOOD @ CONCN THAT SHOULD NOT CAUSE ANY RISK OF CARDIAC SENSITIZATION. /FLUOROCARBONS/|THERE IS A SIGNIFICANT ACCUMULATION OF FLUOROCARBONS IN BRAIN, LIVER & LUNG COMPARED TO BLOOD LEVELS, SIGNIFYING A TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF FLUOROCARBONS SIMILAR TO THAT OF CHLOROFORM. /FLUOROCARBONS/|Absorption of fluorocarbons is much lower after oral ingestion (35-48 times) than after inhalation. ... The lung generally has the highest fluorocarbon concentrations on autopsy. /Fluorocarbons/|Although fluorocarbons cause cardiac sensitization in certain animal species, rapid elimination prevents the development of cardiotoxic concentrations from aerosol bronchodilator use except at exceedingly high doses (12 to 24 doses in 2 minutes). /Fluorocarbons/|FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS ARE LIPID-SOLUBLE AND THUS ARE GENERALLY WELL ABSORBED THROUGH LUNG. ABSORPTION AFTER INGESTION IS 35 TO 48 TIMES LOWER THAN AFTER INHALATION. ... FLUOROCARBONS ARE ELIMINATED BY WAY OF LUNG. /FLUOROCARBON COMPOUNDS/

... It is expected that /HCFCs/ would be metabolized by a cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase liver enzyme to give reactive metabolic products. /HCFCs/|In a metabolism study using intraperitoneal admin of HCFC 132b to rats, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethylglucuronide, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde (hydrated & conjugated) & chlorodifluoroacetic acid were identified in the urine. Formation & excretion of chlorodifluoroacetic acid were incr after repeated injection of the animals with HCFC 132b. In vitro experiments using rat liver microsomes suggested the involvement of cytochrome P-450 IIEI in the initial hydroxylation step. No evidence for covalent binding of fluorinated metabolites to liver proteins has been observed.|The chlorofluorocarbon substitute 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (HFC-134a) is subject to metabolism by cytochrome p450 in hepatic microsomes from rat, rabbit, and human. In rat and rabbit, the p450 form 2E1 is a predominant low-KM, high-rate catalyst of HFC-134a biotranformation and is prominently involved in the metabolism of other tetrahaloalkanes of greater toxicity than HFC-134a (e.g. 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b)). In this study, we determined that the human ortholog of p450 2E1 plays a role of similar importance in the metabolism of HFC-134a. In human hepatic microsomes from 12 individuals, preparations from subjects with relatively high p450 2E1 levels were shown to metabolize HFC-134a at rates 5- to 10-fold greater than microsomes of individuals with lower levels of this enzyme; the increased rate of metabolism of HFC-134a was specifically linked to increased expression of p450 2E1. The primary evidence for the conclusion is drawn from studies using mechanism-based inactivation of p450 2E1 by diethyldithiocarbamate, competitive inhibition of HFC-134a oxidation by p-nitrophenol (a high-affinity substrate for p450 2E1), strong positive correlations of rates of HFC-134a defluorination with p-nitrophenol hydroxylation in the study population, and correlation of p450 2E1 levels with rates of halocarbon oxidation. Thus, our findings support the conclusion that human metabolism of HFC-134a is qualitatively similar to that of the species (rat and rabbit) used for toxicological assessment of this halocarbon. Although hazard from HFC-134a exposure is not anticipated in most humans (based on toxicological evaluation in laboratory animals), our results suggest that HFC-134a exposure should be minimized for individuals with chemical exposure histories commensurate with elevation of p450 2E1 (i.e. frequent contact with agents such as ethanol, trichloroethylene, or pyridine). Furthermore, these findings suggest that toxicity assessment of certain other haloethanes currently under consideration as replacements for chlorofluorocarbons should be considered in animals with elevated p450 2E1.|1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane (HCFC-131a), 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane (HCFC-132b), and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane (HCFC-133a) were chosen as models for comparative metabolism studies on 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes, which are under consideration as replacements for ozone-depleting chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Male Fischer 344 rats were given 10 mmol/kg ip 1-fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane or 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane or exposed by inhalation to 1% 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane for 2 hr. Urine collected in the first 24 hr after exposure was analyzed by 19F NMR and GC/MS and with a fluoride-selective ion electrode for the formation of fluorine-containing metabolites. Metabolites of 1-fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane included 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl glucuronide, 2,2-dichloro-2-fluoroethyl sulfate, dichlorofluoroacetic acid, and inorganic fluoride. Metabolites of 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane were characterized as 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl glucuronide, 2-chloro-2,2-difluoroethyl sulfate, chlorodifluoroacetic acid, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate, chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct, and inorganic fluoride. 1,1,1-Trifluoro-2-chloroethane was metabolized to 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl glucuronide, trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroacetaldehyde hydrate, trifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct, inorganic fluoride, and a minor, unidentified metabolite. With 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane, glucuronide conjugates of 2,2,2-trihaloethanols were the major urinary metabolites, whereas with 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane, a trifluoroacetaldehyde-urea adduct was the major urinary metabolite. Analysis of metabolite distribution in vivo indicated that aldehydic metabolites increased as fluorine substitution increased in the order 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane < 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane < 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane. With NADPH-fortified rat liver microsomes, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane and 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane were biotransformed to trifluoroacetaldehyde and chlorodifluoroacetaldehyde, respectively, whereas 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane was converted to dichlorofluoroacetic acid. No covalently bound metabolites of 1-Fluoro-1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane metabolites were detected by 19F NMR spectroscopy. The nature of the identified organic fluorine-containing metabolites indicates that cytochrome p450-dependent oxidation predominates in the metabolism of these 1,1,1,2-tetrahaloethanes. The generation of fluoride from the fluorodihalomethyl group (-CFX2) apparently arises from a separate dehalogenation pathway.|For more Metabolism/Metabolites (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Inhalation of material may be harmful. Contact may cause burns to skin and eyes. Inhalation of Asbestos dust may have a damaging effect on the lungs. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Some liquids produce vapors that may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control may cause pollution. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 171 [Substances (Low to Moderate Hazard)]: Ensure that medical personnel are aware of the material(s) involved and take precautions to protect themselves. Move victim to fresh air. Call 911 or emergency medical service. Give artificial respiration if victim is not breathing. Administer oxygen if breathing is difficult. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing and shoes. In case of contact with substance, immediately flush skin or eyes with running water for at least 20 minutes. (ERG, 2016)

... Emergency treatment is supportive and includes decontamination, oxygen, and any specific therapy required in a particular case such as antiarrhythmics or anticonvulsants. A few patients may require intermittent positive-pressure ventilation, dialysis, or treatment for hepatic failure. /Solvent abuse/|... In persons who are intoxicated with fluorocarbons, steps can be taken to lessen the risk of arrhythmias. ... Before evaluation at the hospital, patients should be advised to avoid strenuous exercise. In the hospital, patients can be placed in a quiet, nonthreatening environment and sedated if necessary. If hypoxic, oxygen should be administered and metabolic abnormalities corrected. Sympathomimetic drugs should be avoided. Ventricular arrhythmias are best treated with beta-blocking agents. /Fluorocarbons/|Patients with fluorohydrocarbon poisoning should not be given epinephrine (Adrenalin) or similar drugs because of the tendency of fluorohydrocarbon to induce cardiac arrhythmia, including ventricular fibrillation. /Fluorohydrocarbons/|Victims of Freon inhalation require management for hypoxic, CNS anesthetic, and cardiac symptoms. Patients must be removed from the exposure environment, and high-flow supplemental oxygen should be utilized. The respiratory system should be evaluated for injury, aspiration, or pulmonary edema and treated appropriately. CNS findings should be treated supportively. A calm environment with no physical exertion is imperative to avoid increasing endogenous adrenergic levels. Exogenous adrenergic drugs must not be used to avoid inducing sensitized myocardial dysrhythmias. Atropine is ineffective in treating bradyarrhythmias. For ventricular dysrhythmias, diphenylhydantoin and countershock may be effective. Cryogenic dermal injuries should be treated by water bath rewarming at 40 to 42 °C until vasodilatory flush has returned. Elevation of the limb and standard frostbite management with late surgical debridement should be utilized. Ocular exposure requires irrigation and slit-lamp evaluation for injury. /Freons/|... IF INHALATION OCCURS, EPINEPHRINE OR OTHER SYMPATHOMIMETIC AMINES & ADRENERGIC ACTIVATORS SHOULD NOT BE ADMIN SINCE THEY WILL FURTHER SENSITIZE HEART TO DEVELOPMENT OF ARRHYTHMIAS. /FLUOROCARBONS/

EXCESSIVE SKIN CONTACT WITH LIQ FLUOROCARBONS SHOULD BE MINIMIZED TO PREVENT DEFATTING OF SKIN ... /FLUOROCARBONS/|FLUOROCARBON VAPORS ARE 4 TO 5 TIMES HEAVIER THAN AIR. THUS HIGH CONCN TEND TO ACCUMULATE IN LOW-LYING AREAS, RESULTING IN HAZARD OF INHALATION OF CONCENTRATED VAPORS, WHICH MAY BE FATAL. /FLUOROCARBONS/|UNDER CERTAIN CONDITIONS, FLUOROCARBON VAPORS MAY DECOMPOSE ON CONTACT WITH FLAMES OR HOT SURFACES, CREATING POTENTIAL HAZARD OF INHALATION OF TOXIC DECOMPOSITION PRODUCTS. /FLUOROCARBONS/|CLINICAL PATHOLOGISTS EXPOSED TO FLUOROCARBONS IN THE PREPN OF FROZEN TISSUE SECTIONS HAVE BEEN SEEN TO DEVELOP CORONARY HEART DISEASE. /FLUOROCARBONS/|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,2-DCDFE

Ethane, 1,2-dichloro-1,1-difluoro-: ACTIVE|S - indicates a substance that is identified in a final Significant New Use Rule.|1,2-Dichloro-1,1-difluoroethane is not produced in commodity quantities.|... /The use of chlorofluorocarbons for aerosol sprays/ was prohibited in 1979 except for a few specialized items, because of their depleting effect on stratospheric ozone. /Chlorofluorocarbons/

Determination of 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane purity by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection.|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING FLUOROCARBONS IN AIR IS DESCRIBED. CONCN IN AIR ARE DETERMINED DIRECTLY. /FLUOROCARBONS/|A GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC PROCEDURE FOR DETERMINING ATMOSPHERIC LEVELS OF FLUOROCARBONS IS DESCRIBED. COLUMN IS TEMP PROGRAMMED TO SEPARATE HALOGENATED COMPONENTS WHILE MAINTAINING SHORT RETENTION TIMES FOR EACH COMPONENT. FREON 113 INCL. /FLUOROCARBONS/|GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR MEASURING HALOCARBONS IN AMBIENT AIR SAMPLES IS PRESENTED. /HALOCARBONS/|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for 1,2-DICHLORO-1,1-DIFLUOROETHANE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

GAS CHROMATOGRAPHIC METHOD FOR DETERMINING FLUOROCARBONS IS DESCRIBED. CONCN IN BODY FLUIDS ARE DETERMINED BY MEANS OF HEAD SPACE ANALYSIS. /FLUOROCARBONS/|FLUOROCARBON DETERMINATION IN BLOOD: GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY WITH ELECTRON CAPTURE DETECTION. /FLUOROCARBONS/