Pirimiphos ethyl

333.39

333.39

245-704-0

3L26N84757

3018

DTXSID5042297

Straw-colored liquid|Technical grade is a clear red-brown liquid

2933599011

88.8

5.0 un-ionized

1.14 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

15-18 °C

414.1±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

113 deg F, 45 deg C (Pensky-Martin closed cup)

1.545

Miscible with most organic solvents

APPROX 4°C

2.9X10-4 mm Hg at 25 deg C

Oral-rat LD50: 140 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LD50: 105 mg/kg

Decompose toxic phosphorus oxide, sulfur oxide, nitrogen oxide gas by heating

Technical grade has a mercaptan-like odor

Henry's Law constant = 5.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

pKa = 4.94 (est)

Decomposes above circa 194 °C ... stable for at least 1 year at room temperature and for at least 5 days at 80 °C. Hydrolysed by acid and base; DT50(25 °C) 52-1200 days (pH range 5.5-8.5), most stable pH 7-8.|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 1.93X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C (est)

No rapid reaction with air. No rapid reaction with water.

Amines, Phosphines, and Pyridines

Organophosphates, such as PIRIMIFOS-ETHYL, are susceptible to formation of highly toxic and flammable phosphine gas in the presence of strong reducing agents such as hydrides. Partial oxidation by oxidizing agents may result in the release of toxic phosphorus oxides.

Corrosive to iron & unprotected tinplate

III

6.1(b)

3018

3

21-25-50/53

23-36/37-45-60-61

TF1610000

T,N

The warehouse is ventilated, low temperature and dry; stored and transported separately from food materials

Stable for at least 1 yr at room temperature, & for at least 5 days at 80 deg C

P273-P280-P301 + P310-P501

H301-H312-H410

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Concentrates of pirimiphos-ethyl should be first diluted and then treated by alkalis.|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

As with other organophosphorus pesticides, container may explode in heat of fire. Heat may cause decomposition and evolution of highly toxic fumes of phosphorus oxides, nitrogen oxides and sulfur oxides. Decomposes above 266F. (EPA, 1998)

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P264, P270, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P312, P321, P322, P330, P363, P391, P405, and P501|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 197 companies from 2 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H227: Combustible liquid [Warning Flammable liquids]|P210, P264, P270, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P312, P321, P322, P330, P361, P363, P370+P378, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 152 [Substances - Toxic (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

As with other organophosphorus pesticides, stay upwind; keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering them. Do not touch spilled material; stop leak if you can do so without risk. Use water spray to reduce vapors. Small spills: absorb with sand or other non-combustible absorbent material and place into containers for later disposal. Large spills: dike far ahead of spill for later disposal. (EPA, 1998)

For emergency situations, wear a positive pressure, pressure-demand, full facepiece self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) or pressure- demand supplied air respirator with escape SCBA and a fully-encapsulating, chemical resistant suit. (EPA, 1998)|Workers ... must be given personal protective equipment comprising overalls made of a tight fabric or polyvinyl chloride, gloves & rubber boots. They must wear a respirator with an activated-carbon gas filter cartridge affording protection for a determined number of hours. The eyes should be protected by goggles. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Skin decontamination ... In patients ... Attendants should wear rubber gloves as vinyl provides no protection against skin absorption. /Organophosphate pesticides/

If material on fire or involved in fire: Do not extinguish fire unless flow can be stopped. Solid streams of water may be ineffective. Cool all affected containers with flooding quantities of water. Apply water from as far a distance as possible. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use "alcohol" foam, carbon dioxide or dry chemical. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/

If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and other sources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. Build dikes to contain flow as necessary. Use water spray to knock-down vapors. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/|Personnel protection: Keep upwind. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. /Organophosphorus pesticides, liquid, NOS/|If material not on fire and not involved in fire: Keep sparks, flames, and othersources of ignition away. Keep material out of water sources and sewers. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/|Personnel protection: Avoid breathing dusts, and fumes from burning material. Keep upwind. Avoid bodily contact with the material. Wear appropriate chemical protective gloves, boots and goggles. Do not handle broken packages unless wearing appropriate personal protective equipment. Wash away any material which may have contacted the body with copious amounts of water or soap and water. Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus when fighting fires involving this material. If contact with the material anticipated, wear appropriate protective clothing. /Organophosphorus pesticides, solid, NOS/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PIRIMIPHOS-ETHYL (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Releases of CERCLA hazardous substances are subject to the release reporting requirement of CERCLA section 103, codified at 40 CFR part 302, in addition to the requirements of 40 CFR part 355. Pirimifos-ethyl is an extremely hazardous substance (EHS) subject to reporting requirements when stored in amounts in excess of its threshold planning quantity (TPQ) of 1,000 lbs.

highly toxic

LD50 Rat oral 140 mg/kg|LD50 Rat male dermal 1000 mg/kg|LD50 Cat oral 25 mg/kg|LD50 Guinea pig oral 50 mg/kg|For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for PIRIMIPHOS-ETHYL (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pirimiphos-ethyl's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as an insecticide(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 300 to 64,925(2), indicate that pirimiphos-ethyl is expected to have moderate to no mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of pirimiphos-ethyl from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), based upon its vapor pressure, 2.9X10-4 mm Hg(3), and water solubility, 2.3 mg/L(3). However, adsorption to soil is expected to attenuate volatilization(SRC). Pirimiphos-ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(3). Biodegradation of pirimiphos-ethyl in soil may be important based on reported aerobic half-lives of 21-70 days at pH 6.0-7.5 with organic matter of 1.8-6.3%(3).|TERRESTRIAL FATE: When applied in September pirimiphos-ethyl persisted for a longer period than when applied in May(1). Degradation was slower while the mean soil temperature at 100 mm depth remained below 6-7 °C. Rising soil temperature in the spring rapidly increased the degradation of pirimiphos-ethyl residues(1). However, in another field study, pirimiphos-ethyl did not rapidly degrade following repeated field applications(2).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), estimated Koc values of 300 to 64,925(2), indicate that pirimiphos-ethyl is expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(3) based upon an estimated Henry's Law constant of 5.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC), derived from its vapor pressure, 2.9X10-4 mm Hg(4), and water solubility, 2.3 mg/L(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 1.4 and 16 days, respectively(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 30 days to 114 months if adsorption is considered(5). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 925(SRC), from its log Kow of 5.0(4) and a regression-derived equation(7), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC). Pirimiphos-ethyl is hydrolyzed by acid and base giving a degradation half-life of 52-1200 days at 25 °C and pH range of 5.5-8.5(4). Pirimiphos-ethyl is most stable at pH 7-8(4). Pirimiphos-ethyl may biodegrade in water based on reported aerobic half-lives in soil of 21-70 days at pH 6.0-7.5 with organic matter of 1.8-6.3%(4).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), pirimiphos-ethyl, which has a vapor pressure of 2.9X10-4 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), will exist in both the vapor and particulate phases in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase pirimiphos-ethyl is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 hours(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 1.9X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) that was derived using a structure estimation method(3). Particulate-phase pirimofos-ethyl may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Pirimiphos-ethyl contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(4) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of pirimiphos-ethyl with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 1.9X10-10 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 2 hours at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1). Pirimiphos-ethyl is hydrolyzed by acid and base giving a degradation half-life of 52-1200 days at 25 °C and pH range of 5.5-8.5(2). Pirimiphos-ethyl is most stable at pH 7-8(2). Pirimiphos-ethyl contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(3) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 925 was calculated in fish for pirimiphos-ethyl(SRC), using a log Kow of 5.0(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is high(SRC), provided the compound is not metabolized by the organism(SRC).

302.00 L/kg|Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of pirimiphos-ethyl can be estimated to be 1240(SRC). Other calculated Koc values reported are 300, 25,893 and 64,925(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this Koc value range suggests that pirimiphos-ethyl is expected to have moderate to no mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for pirimiphos-ethyl is estimated as 5.5X10-5 atm-cu m/mole(SRC) derived from its vapor pressure, 2.9X10-4 mm Hg(1), and water solubility, 2.3 mg/L(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that pirimiphos-ethyl is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 1.4 days(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 16 days(SRC). Pirimiphos-ethyl's estimated Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). However, volatilization from water surfaces is expected to be attenuated by adsorption to suspended solids and sediment in the water column. The estimated volatilization half-life from a model pond is 30 days to 114 months if adsorption is considered(3). Pirimiphos-ethyl is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces(SRC) based upon its vapor pressure(1).

SURFACE WATER: Surface water samples taken from the Hogeveense Polder during 1989-1990 contained pirimifos-ethyl at concentrations of 0.1-0.3 ug/L(1).

Pirimiphos-ethyl was detected in pesticide residue studies by the FDA in foods for the years 1983-1986 (unreported concentrations)(1). In a 1995 monitoring program in Egypt pirimiphos-ethyl was not detected in cauliflower, carrot, courgette, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, green peas, lettuce, onion, pepper, tomato, apple, cantaloupe, grape, guava, mango, peach or strawberry samples(2). Pirimiphos-ethyl was detected in 1 of 5 cabbage samples at 0.32 mg/kg in the same 1995 monitoring program(2). In a 1996 monitoring program in Egypt pirimiphos-ethyl was not detected in any of the samples (cabbage, grape leaf, lettuce, melokhia, spinach, watercress, artichoke, broad bean, cauliflower, cantaloupe, cucumber, eggplant, green beans, green peas, okra, onion, pepper, squash, tomato, carrot, sweet potato, taro, apple, apricot, banana, dates, fig, grape, guava, lemon lime, mango, peach, pear, plum, strawberry)(3). Pirimiphos-ethyl was not detected in cabbage, carrots, cauliflower, chicory, cucumber, leek, lemon, lettuce, pumpkin, spinach, tangerine, tomatoes, apples, gooseberry or pear, but was detected in oranges at a concentration of <10 ug/kg in Greece between March and April 1998(4). Pirimiphos-ethyl was not detected in grapefruit, lemon, mandarin/clementine, orange, apple, pear, quince, apricot, cherries, peach, nectarine, plum, grape, strawberry, blackberry, hip, boysenberry, elderberry, raspberry, rowanberry, bilberry, red and black current, gooseberry, banana, fig, kiwi, pomegranate, beetroot, carrot, celeriac, horseradish, parsnip, parsley root, radish, garlic, onion, spring onion, tomato, pepper, eggplant, cucumber, melon, watermelon, squash, sweet corn, broccoli, cauliflower, Brussel sprout, white, red, spring, Oxheart or Chinese cabbage, kale, lettuce, spinach, chive, dill, marjoram, oregano, parsley, rosemary, thyme, bean, pea, celery, leek, rhubarb, mushroom, sunflower seed or potato in the 1995-1996 Danish national pesticide monitoring program(5).

Occupational exposure to pirimiphos-ethyl may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where pirimiphos-ethyl is produced or used. Monitoring data indicate that the general population may be exposed to pirimiphos-ethyl via ingestion of fruits and vegetables containing pirimiphos-ethyl residues. (SRC)

The rate of dermal absorption /of organophosphorus pesticides/ may be ... influenced by the solvent used. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|Many of the organophosphorus insecticides are excreted in the milk ... /Organophosphorus insecticides/|Following their absorption, most organophosphorus cmpd are excreted ... as hydrolysis products in the urine. /Organophosphorus anticholinesterase agents/

Parathion & its relatives are known to inhibit the enzyme cholinesterase in all parts of the body by phosphorylating the active site. /Parathion & other cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides/|Organophosphorus derivatives act by combining with and inactivating the enzyme acetylcholinesterase. ... The inactivation of cholinesterase by cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides allows the accumulation of large amounts of acetylcholine, with resultant widespread effects that may be ... separated into 4 categories: (1) Potentiation of postganglionic parasympathetic activity. (2) Persistent depolarization of skeletal muscle ... (3) Initial stimulation following depression of cells of central nervous system ... (4) Variable ganglionc stimulation or blockade ... /Cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides/|Organophosphate insecticides ... are potent cholinesterase enzyme inhibitors that act by interfering with the metabolism of acetylcholine, which results in accumulation of acetylcholine at neuroreceptor transmission sites. Exposure produces a broad spectrum of clinical effects indicative of massive overstimulation of the chlorinergic system, including muscarinic effects (parasympathetic), nicotinic effects (sympathetic and motor), and CNS effects. These effects present clinically as feeling of headache, weakness, dizziness, blurred vision, psychosis, respiratory difficulty, paralysis, convulsions, and coma. Typical findings are given by the mnemonic "SLUD." which stands for salivation, lacrimation, urination, and defecation. A small percentage of patients may fail to demonstrate miosis, a classic diagnostic hallmark. Onset of clinical manifestation of organophosphate poisoning usually occurs within 12 hr of exposure. /Organophosphate insecticides/

Pirimifos-ethyl is an organophosphorus pesticide and is absorbed by the skin, as well as by the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts. It is a cholinesterase inhibitor, acting on the nervous system. (EPA, 1998)

Warning: Effects may be delayed up to 12 hours. Caution is advised. Note: Pirimifos-ethyl is a cholinesterase inhibitor. Signs and Symptoms of Pirimifos-Ethyl Exposure: Acute exposure to pirimifos-ethyl may produce the following signs and symptoms: sweating, pinpoint pupils, blurred vision, headache, dizziness, profound weakness, muscle spasms, seizures, and coma. Mental confusion and psychosis may occur. Excessive salivation, nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, and abdominal pain may also occur. The heart rate may decrease following oral exposure or increase following dermal exposure. Chest pain may be noted. Hypotension (low blood pressure) may be observed, although hypertension (high blood pressure) is not uncommon. Respiratory symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), pulmonary edema, respiratory depression, and respiratory paralysis. Emergency Life-Support Procedures: Acute exposure to pirimifos-ethyl may require decontamination and life support for the victims. Emergency personnel should wear protective clothing appropriate to the type and degree of contamination. Air-purifying or supplied-air respiratory equipment should also be worn, as necessary. Rescue vehicles should carry supplies such as plastic sheeting and disposable plastic bags to assist in preventing spread of contamination. Inhalation Exposure: 1. Move victims to fresh air. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to pirimifos-ethyl. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 4. Rush to a health care facility. Dermal/Eye Exposure: 1. Remove victims from exposure. Emergency personnel should avoid self-exposure to pirimifos-ethyl. 2. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 3. Remove and isolate contaminated clothing as soon as possible. 4. If eye exposure has occurred, eyes must be flushed with lukewarm water for at least 15 minutes. 5. Wash exposed skin areas thoroughly with water. 6. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 7. Rush to a health care facility. Ingestion Exposure: 1. Evaluate vital signs including pulse and respiratory rate, and note any trauma. If no pulse is detected, provide CPR. If not breathing, provide artificial respiration. If breathing is labored, administer oxygen or other respiratory support. 2. Obtain authorization and/or further instructions from the local hospital for administration of an antidote or performance of other invasive procedures. 3. Vomiting may be induced with syrup of Ipecac. If elapsed time since ingestion of pirimifos-ethyl is unknown or suspected to be greater than 30 minutes, do not induce vomiting and proceed to Step 4. Ipecac should not be administered to children under 6 months of age. Warning: Ingestion of pirimifos-ethyl may result in sudden onset of seizures or loss of consciousness. Syrup of Ipecac should be administered only if victims are alert, have an active gag-reflex, and show no signs of impending seizure or coma. If ANY uncertainty exists, proceed to Step 4. The following dosages of Ipecac are recommended: children up to 1 year old, 10 mL (1/3 oz); children 1 to 12 years old, 15 mL (1/2 oz); adults, 30 mL (1 oz). Ambulate (walk) the victims and give large quantities of water. If vomiting has not occurred after 15 minutes, Ipecac may be readministered. Continue to ambulate and give water to the victims. If vomiting has not occurred within 15 minutes after second administration of Ipecac, administer activated charcoal. 4. Activated charcoal may be administered if victims are conscious and alert. Use 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) for children, 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) for adults, with 125 to 250 mL (1/2 to 1 cup) of water. 5. Promote excretion by administering a saline cathartic or sorbitol to conscious and alert victims. Children require 15 to 30 g (1/2 to 1 oz) of cathartic; 50 to 100 g (1-3/4 to 3-1/2 oz) is recommended for adults. 6. Rush to a health care facility. (EPA, 1998)

A comatose patient who is diaphoretic, has pinpoint pupils and the odor of an insecticide on clothing or breath, and is noted to have muscle fasciculations represents the classic presentation of organophosphate poisoning. ... Specific steps in management include the following. 1. Decontamination. ... 2. Airway. Establish an airway if necessary. ... 3. Respiratory Status. Respiratory distress, in fact, is commonly found in these patients from multiple causes. ... 4. Cardiac Monitoring. ... 5. Cholinesterase Level. ... 6. Pralidoxime. Pralidoxime is the treatment of choice for organophosphate poisoning and should be used for nearly all patients with clinically significant organophosphate poisoning, particularly those patients with muscular fasciculations and weakness. ... 7. Atropine. Atropine is the physiologic antidote for organophosphate poisoning. A trial dose of atropine should be instituted on clinical ground when one suspects organophosphate intoxication. /Organophosphate poisoning/|Atropine is the antidote of choice as in organophosphate poisoning. Although the total amount of atropine required usually is less, the same initial doses are recommended. Pralidoximine usually is necessary and may reduce the effectiveness of atropine (especially with carbaryl). ... Patients require approximately 6-12 hr of atropine treatment, but all significantly poisoned patients should be observed at least 24 hr after the last atropine dose. /Organophosphate poisoning/|Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Organophosphates and related compounds/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Aggressive airway control may be needed. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Organophosphates and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for PIRIMIPHOS-ETHYL (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ The symptoms of chronic poisoning due to organophosphorus pesticides include headache, weakness, feeling of heaviness in head, decline of memory, quick onset of fatigue, disturbed sleep, loss of appetite, & loss of orientation. Psychic disorders, nystagmus, trembling of the hands & other nervous system disorders can be observed in certain cases. Sometimes neuritis, paresis & paralysis develop. /Organophosphorus pesticides/|/SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS/ Nausea is often the first symptom, followed by vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, and excessive salivation (sialorrhea). Hypothermia has been reported in animals and at least once in man as an early sign. Headache, giddiness, vertigo, and weakness. Rhinorrhea and a sensation of tightness in the chest are common in inhalation exposures. Blurring or dimness of vision, miosis (with fixed pinpoint pupils), tearing, ciliary muscle spasm, loss of accommodation, and ocular pain. None of these eye effects are diagnostically dependable except in primary ocular exposures. Indeed, mydriasis is sometimes seen, probably due to sympatho-adrenal discharge. Bradycardia or tachycardia. Varying degrees of arterial/venous heart block are described, as well as atrial arrhythmias. Loss of muscle coordination, slurring of speech, fasciculations and twitching of muscles (particularly of the tongue and eyelids), and generalized profound weakness. Mental confusion, disorientation, and drowsiness. Difficulty in breathing, excessive secretion of saliva and of respiratory tract mucus, oronasal frothing, cyanosis, pulmonary rales and rhonchi, and hypertension presumably due to asphyxia). Random jerky movements, incontinence, convulsions and coma. Death primarily due to respiratory arrest arising from failure of the respiratory muscles, intense bronchoconstriction, or all three. /Parathion; reference congener/|/GENOTOXICITY/ Lymphocytes obtained from 5 healthy donors were incubated with a mixture of 15 pesticides commonly found in foods of central Italy (dithiocarbamates (20.7%), benomyl (19.6%), thiabendazole (14.9%), diphenylamine (14.4%), chlorothalonil (13.1%), procymidone (8.0%), methidathion (2.3%), chlorpyrifos-ethyl (2%), fenarimol (1.9%), parathion-methyl (1%), chlorpropham, parathion, vinchlozolin, chlorfenvinphos and pirimiphos-ethyl (< 1%)). The percent of each pesticide in the mixture was proportional to its average concentration in foods. Incubated with the lymphocytes at a concentration of 1-20 mug/ml the pesticide mixture did not induce significant variations in the number of hypodiploid, hyperdiploid and polyploid cells or in the number of chromosome and chromatid aberrations. On the contrary, /investigators/ observed a dose-dependent increase in the number of nonsynchronous centromeric separations which reached the level of 37.9% at 20 mug/mL of pesticide mixture in the incubation media.

O-(2-diethylamino-6-methyl-4-pyrimidinyl) O,O-diethyl phosphorothioate

Emulsifiable concentrate, granules.|Formulation types: Powder for dry seed treatment|Fernex (Zeneca); Primicid (Zeneca); Ologard (Zeneca).|Technical material is 95% pure.

The WHO Recommended Classification of Pesticides by Hazard identifies pirimiphos-ethyl as an active ingredient believed to be obsolete or discontinued for use as a pesticide.

Product: (a) Chloroform extraction and clean-up residue, dissolved in methanol, extinction measured at 298 nm. (b) Methanol extract subjected to thin-layer chromatography. Corresponding area detected under UV and removed, extracted with methanol and extinction measured at 298 nm. (c) By gas liquid chromatography.|Product analysis by gas liquid chromatography with flame ionization detector ... Identity also by gas liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography, infrared or nuclear magnetic resonance. Residues determined by gas liquid chromatography with flame photometric detector or flame thermionic detector.

Agrochemicals -> Insecticides|Acaricides, Insecticides