Prohexadione calcium

462.46

462.083893

603-193-5

DTXSID9034496

Fine white powder|Pale yellow brown colored fine powder

97.33000

-0.62090

white cystalline powders

1.435

>360°

433ºC at 760 mmHg

229.8ºC

Solubility (mg/L at 20 °C): methanol 1.11; acetone 0.038; n-hexane <0.003; toluene 0.004; ethyl acetate <0.010; isopropanol <0.105; dichloromethane 0.004|In water, 174 mg/L at 20 °C

0-6°C

1.53E-09mmHg at 25°C

LD50 in rats (mg/kg): >5000 orally; >2000 dermally; LC50 in carp, bluegill sunfish, rainbow trout (mg/l): >150, >100, >100 (Miyazawa)

Odorless

pKa1 = 5.15

NONH for all modes of transport

2

GU8488500

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational exposure or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal, aquatic, and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.|Wastes resulting from this product may be disposed of at an approved waste disposal facility. Excess pesticide, spray mixture or rinsate must be handled and disposed of in accordance with federal, state or local procedures. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|Nonrefillable Container. Do not reuse or refill this container. Triple rinse or pressure rinse container (or equivalent) promptly after emptying; then offer for recycling, if available, or reconditioning, if appropriate, or puncture and dispose of in a sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or by other procedures approved by state and local authorities. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.

European Commission, Directorate-General Health and Consumer Protection; Review report for the active substance prohexadione-calcium (127277-53-6) 7475/VI/99-rev. 8 (16 June 2000).[Available from, as of November 16, 2004: http://europa.eu.int/comm/food/fs/sfp/ph_ps/pro/eva/newactive/list1-01_en.pdf]|California Environmental Protection Agency/Department of Pesticide Regulation; Toxicology Data Review Summaries.[Available from, as of November 18, 2004: http://www.cdpr.ca.gov/docs/risk/toxsums/toxsumlist.htm]|USEPA Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances, Pesticide Fact Sheet for Prohexadione Calcium, New Chemical Registration (April 26, 2000).[Available from, as of October 10, 2012: http://iaspub.epa.gov/apex/pesticides/f?p=CHEMICALSEARCH:1]

H412 (98.89%): Harmful to aquatic life with long lasting effects [Hazardous to the aquatic environment, long-term hazard]|P273, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 94 companies from 3 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory.

Approved respirator. Chemical-resistant footwear plus socks. Protective eyewear. Waterproof gloves.|Applicators and other handlers must wear: long-sleeved shirt and long pants; chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material such as polyethylene or polyvinyl chloride; shoes plus socks. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|/Restricted entry interval (REI) 12 hours/ PPE required for early entry to treated areas that is permitted under the Worker Protection Standard and that involves contact with anything that has been treated, such as plants, soil, or water, is: coveralls; chemical-resistant gloves made of any waterproof material; shoes plus socks. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/

Suitable extinguishing media: foam, dry powder, carbon dioxide, water spray. /Apogee/|Firefighters should be equipped with self-contained breathing apparatus and turn-out gear. /Apogee/|In case of fire and/or explosion do not breathe fumes. Keep containers cool by spraying with water if exposed to fire. Collect contaminated extinguishing water separately, do not allow to reach sewage or effluent systems. Dispose of fire debris and contaminated extinguishing water in accordance with official regulations.. /Apogee/

Do not contaminate water when disposing of equipment wash waters or rinsate. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|Dike spillage. Pick up with suitable absorbent material. Place into suitable containers for reuse or disposal in a licensed facility. Spilled substance/product should be recovered and applied according to label rates whenever possible. If application of spilled substance/product is not possible, then spills should be contained, solidified, and placed in suitable containers for disposal. After decontamination, spill area can be washed with water. Collect wash water for approved disposal. /Apogee/

Use this product only in accordance with its labeling and with the Worker Protection Standard, 40 CFR part 170. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|Do not apply directly to water, or to areas where surface water is present or to intertidal areas below the mean high water mark. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|Users should: Wash hands before eating, drinking, chewing gum, using tobacco, or using the toilet; Remove clothing immediately if pesticide gets inside. Then wash thoroughly and put on clean clothing; Remove PPE immediately after handling this product. Wash the outside of gloves before removing. As soon as possible, wash thoroughly and change into clean clothing. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|Follow the manufacturer's instructions for cleaning and maintaining PPE. If no such instructions for washables, use detergent and hot water. Keep and wash PPE separately from other laundry. /Apogee Plant Growth Regulator/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat oral >5000 mg/kg|LD50 Rat dermal >2000 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse oral >5000 mg/kg|LC50 Rat inhalation >4.21 mg/L air/4 hr (whole body)

Prohexadione calcium's production may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams; its use as a plant growth regulator(1) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that prohexadione calcium is expected to have very high mobility in soil(SRC). The pKa of prohexadione is 5.15(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4). Volatilization of prohexadione calcium from moist and dry soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given its pKa(3). Prohexadione calcium is not expected to persist in the environment based on laboratory studies; the major route of dissipation is oxidative mineralization to carbon dioxide in soil(5).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 10(SRC), determined from a structure estimation method(2), indicates that prohexadione calcium is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). A pKa of 5.15(3) indicates prohexadione calcium will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). According to a classification scheme(4), an estimated BCF of 3(SRC), from a log Kow of -2.90(3) and a regression-derived equation(5), suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Prohexadione calcium has reported hydrolysis rates of 4.4 to 65 days at pH of 5 to 7(6). Prohexadione calcium is not expected to persist in the environment based on laboratory studies(6); however, specific biodegradation data in water were not available(SRC,2012).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: Based on a pKa of 5.15(1), prohexadione calcium is not expected to exist in the vapor form in the ambient atmosphere; the pKa indicates that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment. However, it may exist in the particulate form(SRC). Particulate-phase prohexadione calcium may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Prohexadione calcium contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

Prohexadione calcium has reported hydrolysis rates of 4.4 to 65 days at pH of 5 to 7(1). Prohexadione calcium contains chromophores that absorb at wavelengths >290 nm(2) and, therefore, may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight(SRC).

An estimated BCF of 3 was calculated in fish for prohexadione calcium(SRC), using a log Kow of -2.90(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Using a structure estimation method based on molecular connectivity indices(1), the Koc of prohexadione calcium can be estimated to be 10(SRC). According to a classification scheme(2), this estimated Koc value suggests that prohexadione calcium is expected to have very high mobility in soil. The pKa of prohexadione calcium is 5.15(3), indicating that this compound will exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(4).

A pKa of 5.15(1) indicates prohexadione calcium will exist almost entirely in the anion form at pH values of 5 to 9 and therefore volatilization from water and moist soil surfaces is not expected to be an important fate process(SRC). Prohexadione calcium not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces since it is a salt and will be nonvolatile(SRC).

Occupational exposure to prohexadione calcium may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where prohexadione calcium is produced or used. (SRC)

In a metabolism study in rats, prohexadione calcium was rapidly absorbed with highest tissue/carcass concentrations obtained within 30 minutes; however, absorption became saturated at the highest dose. The test material did not accumulate in the tissues. For low dose animals, renal excretion was the primary route of elimination. At the high dose, fecal excretion became the primary route of elimination. The primary excreta (both urine and feces) metabolite was identified as the free acid.

Male and female Fisher 344 rats were dosed by gavage with 50 or 500 mg/kg of [14C]-BX-112 (radiolabel at the 3 or 5 position on the cyclohexene ring)(lot no. CP-1107, radiochemical purity: 98.9%, specific activity: 97.8 mCi/mg). In Groups B (50 mg/kg) and D (500 mg/kg) (the mass balance studies), urine, feces and cage wash samples were collected up to 7 days from 5 animals/sex/group. In Group C1, 5 animals/sex were pretreated for 14 days with unlabelled BX-112 technical (purity: 93.8%), followed by 50 mg/kg of the radiolabelled material. Urine, feces and cage wash samples were collected up to 7 days after the final dose. Samples collected between 0 and 48 hours after dosing were analyzed to determine specific metabolites. In addition, radiolabelled material was extracted from liver and kidney tissue of one male each treated with either 50 mg/kg (Group B3) and 500 mg/kg (Group D3) and euthanized at 0.5 hours after dosing. The test material was largely excreted in the urine and the feces as the free acid (50 mg/kg: 38.3 to 39.1%, 500 mg/kg: 60.9 to 68.0%, and 50 mg/kg, repeated dose: 44.2 to 53.7% of the adminstered dose). An additional compound isolated in the urine was tentatively identified as an ester glucuronide of BX-112. The total conjugated fraction of the test material constituted 20.4 and 21.7% in the 50 mg/kg group, 7.3 and 3.7% in the 500 mg/kg group and 23.2 and 17.7% of the administered dose in the 50 mg/kg, repeated dosing group for the males and females, respectively. The only other identified metabolite was recovered from the organic phase of the feces extraction. This material was the despropionyl free acid of BX-112. It constituted no more than 2.3% of the administered dose in any of the groups examined. In the liver and the kidney, the predominant material recovered at both of the dosing levels was the free acid of the BX-112 (liver: 81.2 and 93.1% of the recovered radiolabel in the 50 and 500 mg/kg, respectively; kidney: 70.1 and 91.8% of the recovered label in the 50 and 500 mg/kg groups, respectively); in the addendum, two of the previously unknown compounds were noted to be methyl esters of the test material and the despropionyl metabolite and were considered to be artifacts; further information was provided regarding the isolation of radiolabelled compounds in the feces; the isolated compound was largely the free acid of the parent compound as had been originally reported; in addition, use of a C18 HPLC column rather than the C8 one resulted in a different ratio of the parent compound and the conjugate noted in the original analysis; further analysis of this "conjugate" by FAB-MS and Atmospheric Pressure Electrospray HPLC/MS did not result in a definitive identification of the compound.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

Suspension concentrate, water-dispersible granules.|Wettable powder.|Trade Names: Medax, Regalis|Technical is >89%.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for PROHEXADIONE CALCIUM (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The active substance shall have a minimum purity of 890 g/kg technical product.

Product and residues by high performance liquid chromatography. Residues also by gas chromatography/mass selective detector.

Environmental transformation -> Pesticides (parent, predecessor)

Prohexadione-calcium has known environmental transformation products that include despropionyl prohexadione.