Pigment Yellow 100

534.368

533.95000

235-428-9

DTXSID2025921

Bright orange-yellow powder

228.68000

0.76200

yellow

greater than 572 °F (NTP, 1992)

Azo dyes can be explosive when suspended in air at specific concentrations. Insoluble in water.

Anionic dye|Hygroscopic|The aqueous solution is not changed by HCl but becomes redder with sodium hydroxide.

Azo dyes can be explosive when suspended in air at specific concentrations. Insoluble in water.

Amides and Imides

Explosive

C.I. PIGMENT YELLOW 100 is an azo dye complex. Azo, diazo, azido compounds can detonate. This applies in particular to organic azides that have been sensitized by the addition of metal salts or strong acids. Toxic gases are formed by mixing materials of this class with acids, aldehydes, amides, carbamates, cyanides, inorganic fluorides, halogenated organics, isocyanates, ketones, metals, nitrides, peroxides, phenols, epoxides, acyl halides, and strong oxidizing or reducing agents. Flammable gases are formed by mixing materials in this group with alkali metals. Explosive combination can occur with strong oxidizing agents, metal salts, peroxides, and sulfides.

SRP: The most favorable course of action is to use an alternative chemical product with less inherent propensity for occupational harm/injury/toxicity or environmental contamination. Recycle any unused portion of the material for its approved use or return it to the manufacturer or supplier. Ultimate disposal of the chemical must consider: the material's impact on air quality; potential migration in soil or water; effects on animal and plant life; and conformance with environmental and public health regulations.

All batches of this color additive when used in foods shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.|All batches of this color additive when used in drugs shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.|All batches of this color additive when used in cosmetics shall meet the specifications, uses and restrictions, and labeling regulations contained in 21 CFR Part 74 and be certified in accordance with regulations in 21 CFR Part 80.

Flash point data for this chemical are not available. It is probably combustible. (NTP, 1992)

|Danger|H317 (99.82%): May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P261, P272, P280, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P321, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 3634 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|Not Classified

Fires involving this material can be controlled with a dry chemical, carbon dioxide or Halon extinguisher. (NTP, 1992)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with 5% acetic acid, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% acetic acid to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% acetic acid followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material under ambient temperatures. (NTP, 1992)

RECOMMENDED RESPIRATOR: Where the neat test chemical is weighed and diluted, wear a NIOSH-approved half face respirator equipped with an organic vapor/acid gas cartridge (specific for organic vapors, HCl, acid gas and SO2) with a dust/mist filter. (NTP, 1992)

Tartrazine did not precipitate in a discharge ecosystem study at calcium concentrations typical in natural waters indicative of the Southeast Peidmont region of the US(1).

In 2006, the Korea Food and Drug Administration reported that combinations of dietary colors such as allura red AC (R40), tartrazine (Y4), sunset yellow FCF (Y5), amaranth (R2), and brilliant blue FCF (B1) are widely used in food manufacturing. Although individual tar food colors are controlled based on acceptable daily intake (ADI), there is no apparent information available for how combinations of these additives affect food safety. In the current study, the potencies of single and combination use of / allura red AC, tartrazine, sunset yellow FCF, amaranth, and brilliant blue FCF / were examined on neural progenitor cell (NPC) toxicity, a biomarker for developmental stage, and neurogenesis, indicative of adult central nervous system (CNS) functions. /allura red AC/and /amaranth/ reduced NPC proliferation and viability in mouse multipotent NPC, in the developing CNS model. Among several combinations tested in mouse model, combination of /tartrazine/ and /brilliant blue FCF/ at 1000-fold higher than average daily intake in Korea significantly decreased numbers of newly generated cells in adult mouse hippocampus, indicating potent adverse actions on hippocampal neurogenesis. However, other combinations including /allura red AC/ and /amaranth/ did not affect adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus. Evidence indicates that single and combination use of most tar food colors may be safe with respect to risk using developmental NPC and adult hippocampal neurogenesis. However, the response to excessively high dose combination of /tartrazine/and /brilliant blue FCF/ is suggestive of synergistic effects to suppress proliferation of NPC in adult hippocampus. Data indicated that combinations of tar colors may adversely affect both developmental and adult hippocampal neurogenesis...|The release of histamine from purified rat peritoneal mast cells induced by specific antigen (egg albumin), compound 48/80 and calcium ionophore A23187 was modified by tartrazine. Histamine release induced by 48/80 and antigen was inhibited by the presence of 1x10-5 to 1x10-2 M tartrazine. The inhibitory effect on egg albumin induced histamine release was maximal when the tartrazine was added simultaneously with egg albumin, and was reduced by increased preincubation of the cells with tartrazine. Tartrazine had a small inhibitory effect on ionophore induced release at high concentrations, but augmented histamine release at tartrazine concentrations of 1x10-3 and 1x10-4 M. Augmentation of ionophore induced release was maximal at between 0-5 min preincubation of the cells with tartrazine.

LD50 Rat oral > 2000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Mouse oral 12,750 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat iv 1,000 mg/kg bw|LD50 Rat ip >2.0 g/kg bw

Tartrazine's production and use as a dye for wool and silks, as a colorant in food, drugs, cosmetics and in biochemistry as an adsorption-elution indicator for chloride estimations(1) may result in its release to the environment through various waste streams(SRC). Its use as an aquatic algaecide/herbicide(2) will result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Tartrazine may be expected to be mobile in soil(SRC); this compound is expected to exist almost entirely in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1). Volatilization from moist soil is not expected because the compound exists as an anion and anions do not volatilize. Tartrazine is not expected to volatilize from dry soil surfaces because it is a salt, and salts do not volatilize(SRC). Tartrazine passed through pilot scale treatment activated sludge processes relatively unchanged(2), indicating that biodegradation in soil is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Tartrazine is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). This compound will almost entirely exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(1). Volatilization from water surfaces is not expected(2) based on its expected ionic character in the environment. According to a classification scheme(3), measured BCF values of <0.29 and <3.0 for carp(4), suggest bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Tartrazine may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; after exposure to sunlight, tartrazine in distilled water exhibited a first order rate constant of 2.31X10-3 per day, corresponding to a half-life of 300 days(5). Tartrazine passed through pilot scale treatment activated sludge processes relatively unchanged(6), indicating that biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), tartrazine is expected to exist solely in the particulate phase in the ambient atmosphere because it is a salt, and salts do not volatilize(SRC). Particulate-phase tartrazine may be removed from the air by wet or dry deposition(SRC). Tartrazine may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; after exposure to sunlight, tartrazine in distilled water exhibited a first order rate constant of 2.31X10-3 per day, corresponding to a half-life of 300 days(2).

Tartrazine is not expected to undergo hydrolysis in the environment due to the lack of functional groups that hydrolyze under environmental conditions(1). Tartrazine may be susceptible to direct photolysis by sunlight; after exposure to sunlight, tartrazine in distilled water exhibited a first order rate constant of 2.31X10-3 per day, corresponding to a half-life of 300 days(2).

BCF values of <0.29 and <3.0 were measured for tartrazine at 600 and 60 parts per billion, respectively, in carp (Cyprinus carpio)(1). According to a classification scheme(2), these BCF values suggest that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

Tartrazine may be expected to have high mobility in soil; tartrazine is an anionic dye(1), indicating that this compound will almost entirely exist in anion form in the environment and anions generally do not adsorb more strongly to soils containing organic carbon and clay than their neutral counterparts(2).

This compound is expected to exist as an anion(1) in the environment and therefore volatilization from water or moist soil is not expected because anions do not volatilize. Tartrazine is unlikely to volatilize from soils(2).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 318,163 workers (157,622 of these are female) are potentially exposed to tartrazine in the US(1). Occupational exposure to tartrazine may occur through dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where tartrazine is produced or used(SRC). The general population may be exposed to tartrazine via ingestion of food and medications, and dermal contact with this compound via consumer products containing tartrazine(SRC).

Chemicals and substances that impart color including soluble dyes and insoluble pigments. They are used in INKS; PAINTS; and as INDICATORS AND REAGENTS. (See all compounds classified as Coloring Agents.)|Natural or synthetic dyes used as coloring agents in processed foods. (See all compounds classified as Food Coloring Agents.)

... The fate of the pyrazole fragment of Tartrazine /was examined/ using sulphur-35 labelled Tartrazine and 1-(4-sulphophenyl)-3-methyl-4-(4-sulphophenylazo)-5-pyrazolone (SPMP an analogue of Tartrazine) and carbon-14 labeled SPMP. Following oral administration, both Tartrazine and SPMP labeled with sulphur-35 were predominantly excreted in feces (90 and 89 % of the dose respectively after 72 hours) with small amounts in urine (8 and 7.2 % of the dose, respectively, after 72 hours). The urinary radioactivity excreted in 48 hours with sulphanilic acid and 4-sulphophenylhydrazine was 23 and 23 % after Tartrazine administration, and 54 and 22 % after SPMP administration; the remaining radioactivity was not characterized.|... The metabolism of carbon-14 Tartrazine randomly labeled in the phenyl azo group /was studied/ in rat, rabbit and human. In both animal species Tartrazine was administered orally and intraperitoneally whilst humans received oral Tartrazine. ... After intraperitoneal administration to 6 rats of 2.4 mg/kg bw of Tartrazine, between 64 and 96 % of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine within 24 hours; no other products were reported. In rabbit, at a dose of 2.4 mg/kg bw of Tartrazine administered intraperitoneally, 94 % of the dose was recovered unchanged in urine within 24 hours, with a further 1.4 % recovered as conjugated sulphanilic acid. However, after an intraperitoneal dose of 1000 mg in the rabbit ... only 57.3% was recovered unchanged in urine within 24 hours, with a further 25.7 and 6 % recovered as free and conjugated sulphanilic acid, respectively. After oral administration to 3 rats at 5 mg/rat ..., no free Tartrazine was measured but means of 28 and 34.6 % were recovered in urine as free and conjugated sulphanilic acid, respectively. In the rabbit dosed 1000 mg ... 8.2 % was recovered unchanged in urine within 24 hours with a further 27 and 26.8 % as free and conjugated sulphanilic acid respectively within 72 hours. In 4 humans receiving a single capsule containing 89-100 mg of Tartrazine ..., no free Tartrazine was measured in urine for any subject; in one subject 106 % was recovered as free sulphanilic acid whilst for the other 3 subjects mean recoveries of free and conjugated sulphanilic acid were 40.6 and 49.7 % respectively. ...|Low biliary excretion of Tartrazine (1 %) /was demonstrated/ following intravenous administration of an unspecified dose. ... low biliary excretion was due to the carboxyl group. After a dose of 2 mg ... unchanged Tartrazine could be detected in bile, but there was no evidence of ring fission products. Following intraperitoneal injection, an unidentified and unquantified Tartrazine conjugate was rapidly excreted in bile, but again none of the previously reported reductive ring fission products.

After oral administration there is extensive metabolism of Tartrazine by the gastrointestinal microflora to sulphanilic acid and aminopyrazalone (which may then be subsequently cleaved to sulphanilic acid and alpha-amino-beta-ketobutyric acid fragments with the latter breaking down further via intermediary metabolism with release of carbon dioxide).|Absorption and metabolism of (14)C-labelled tartrazine (FD & C Yellow No. 5) and high molecular weight polymeric derivatives were compared in rats. A trace to 1.5% of unchanged monomeric dyes was excreted in urine and bile during the first 24 hr after dosing. No unchanged dye was absorbed after administration of the polymeric derivatives. ...In animals dosed with tartrazine and its polymer derivative, absorption of the cleavage product aminopyrazolone and its metabolites was 4.0 and 4.6%, respectively. Azo bond cleavage did not appear to be decreased in the polymer derivatives. However, the sulphanilic acid moiety of both dyes remained attached to the polymer backbone, resulting in a 95% decrease in sulphanilic acid absorption with polymeric tartrazine.|The 4-sulphophenylhydrazine metabolite was also labeled with sulphur-35 and administered orally and intraperitoneally. Excretion of this metabolite differed with the route of administration (35 and 49 % in urine and feces, respectively, 48 hours following oral, and 90 and 5 % in urine and feces, respectively, 48 hours following intraperitoneal administration). Following oral administration, 69 % of urinary radioactivity excreted in 48 hours was sulphanilic acid and 21 % was 4-sulphophenylhydrazine, whereas following intraperitoneal administration, 9 % of urinary radioactivity excreted in 48 hours was sulphanilic acid and 73% was 4-sulphophenylhydrazine. These data suggest there is a marked conversion of 4- sulphophenylhydrazine to sulphanilic acid presumably in the gut lumen. /4-sulphophenylhydrazine/

... Blocking studies showed that tartrazine contraction was inhibited by atropine alone but not by any other blocking agent tested, implying that tartrazine acts either directly or indirectly upon the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor associated with parasympathetic innervation.|The ability of selected food colors to interact with isolated guinea-pig ileum was investigated using a gut bath system. Studies revealed that guinea-pig ileum was specifically sensitive to tartrazine. Intestinal contraction occurred dose-dependently down to a minimum effective dose of 10 uM. ...Studies investigating the biological activity of structural analogues of tartrazine revealed the ability to initiate intestinal contraction was associated with the presence of the carboxylic acid residue at the R1 position of the pyrazole ring. Blocking studies showed that tartrazine contraction was inhibited by atropine alone but not by any other blocking agent tested, implying that tartrazine acts either directly or indirectly upon the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor associated with parasympathetic innervation.

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. Be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital if advised by a physician. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ A total of 54 patients with an allergic disease randomly recruited in five university hospitals in Korea were enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled (DBPC) oral challenge with crossover design. ... After seven days on a low-food additive diet, oral challenges were performed with a mixture of seven food additives or placebo. Enrolled patients completed a questionnaire designed to screen for the presence of a food-related hypersensitivity and underwent skin prick and patch testing using seven common food additives: Amaranth, Erythrosine, Tartrazine, Sunset Yellow FCF, sodium sulphite, sodium benzoate, and monosodium glutamate. The amount of each food additive in the mixture was 1/10 of the ADI determined for the Korean population. Test substances were administered in three divided doses (i.e., 1/6, 2/6, and 3/6 of the total amount in order), with 30-minute intervals between doses. Five patients (9.3 %) had a positive reaction to food additives but no reactions to the placebo, two patients (3.7 %) reacted to both food additives and to the placebo, three patients (5.5 %) reacted to the placebo only, and the remaining 44 patients (81.5 %) reacted to neither. Urticaria, periorbital edema, and facial flushing accompanied by itching were the major symptoms. Statistically significant differences between those who reacted positively to food additives and those who reacted positively to the placebo were not observed.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/... 166 atopic adult volunteers with previous medical histories of asthma, rhinitis, urticaria (chronic or acute) and with hypersensitivity of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, /were/ challenged with Tartrazine (E 102) in order to verify whether Tartrazine can evoke hypersensitive reactions. The results from the 99 volunteers who fulfilled the clinical, laboratorial and protocol requirements revealed that Tartrazine is capable of provoking IgE and non-IgE dependent reactions in 6 % of the volunteers.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ ... /In a study to/ determined the incidence of intolerance to Tartrazine among subjects with a history of food-induced urticaria/angioedema. ... found that out of 102 subjects only one had reactions after ingestion of 5 mg Tartrazine.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Yellow dye tartrazine is a potential cause of exacerbations of asthma, allergic rhinitis and urticaria in atopic patients. The Brazilian Sanitary Surveillance Agency (ANVISA) published a consultation about the possibility of issuing a label warning addressing these potential effects of food and drugs containing tartrazine. .../This study/ evaluat/ed/ tartrazine dye safety in atopic subjects suffering from allergic rhinitis, asthma, urticaria or sensitivity to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Atopic patients with allergic rhinitis, asthma, urticaria or pseudo-allergic reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were studied (n=26). The gold standard, double-blind placebo controlled, crossed-over challenge was used. There were no statistical differences between placebo and drug in cutaneous, respiratory or cardiovascular aspects. /Therefore/ in a group of atopic subjects with allergic rhinitis, asthma, urticaria or pseudo-allergic reactions to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, the administration of 35 mg of the tartrazine dye did not precipitate any kind of significant cutaneous, respiratory or cardiovascular reactions when compared to placebo.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for TARTRAZINE (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Barium, Tartrazine

Admiral Liquid: Erioglaucine 15.31%, Tartrazine 1.00%|Admiral WSP: Erioglaucine 49.72%, Tartrazine 3.27%|Aquashade: Erioglaucine 12.6%, Tartrazine 1.04%

Food, beverage, and tobacco product manufacturing|C.I. Pigment Yellow 100: ACTIVE|FD&C Yellow No. 5 is the certified form of tartrazine, and is approved for use in cosmetics generally. But tartrazine, which has not undergone FDA analysis and received FDA certification, must not be substituted for, or identified in an ingredient declaration as FD&C Yellow No. 5.

Method: AOAC 944.04; Procedure: colorimetric method; Analyte: tartrazine; Matrix: macaroni products; Detection Level: not provided.|Method: AOAC 930.38; Procedure: column chromatographic method; Analyte: tartrazine; Matrix: food; Detection Limit: not provided.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Colorants|Safer Chemical Classes -> Yellow triangle - The chemical has met Safer Choice Criteria for its functional ingredient-class, but has some hazard profile issues|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green circle - The chemical has been verified to be of low concern|Food additives|Cosmetics -> Cosmetic colorant; Hair dyeing

Food Additives -> COLOUR;