Quinone

108.09

108.09

773967

203-405-2

3T006GV98U

0779

36324

2587

DTXSID6020145

YELLOW MONOCLINIC PRISMS FROM WATER OR PETROLEUM ETHER|Greenish-yellowish solid|Pale-yellow solid.

2914 69 80

34.1

0.2

Yellow to green Powder

1.318 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

115.7 °C

180 °C

38°C

n20/D 1.453

H2O: 10 g/L (25 ºC)

2-8°C

0.1 mm Hg ( 25 °C)

3.73 (vs air)

Oral-rat LD50: 130 mg/kg; Oral-Mouse LDL0: 100 mg/kg

Open flame is flammable; decomposes when heated; burning releases irritating smoke

Drums containing moist quinone self heated, generating smoke and internal pressure. ... The moist material showed an exotherm at 40-50 deg C and decomposed at 60-70 deg C, ... owing to pressure impurities. Drums exposed to direct sunlight soon attain a surface temperature of 50-60 deg C.

PENETRATING ODOR RESEMBLING THAT OF CHLORINE

4.60e-12 cm3/molecule*sec

SUBLIMES; DIPOLE MOMENT: 0.67|CONVERSION FACTORS: 1 MG/L IS EQUIVALENT TO 226.4 PPM & 1 PPM IS EQUIVALENT TO 0.00442 MG/L AT 25 °C, 760 MM HG|Ionization potential: 9.67 eV|Heat of fusion: 40.97 cal/g|For more Other Experimental Properties (Complete) data for 1,4-BENZOQUINONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Soluble in water and denser than water. If moist it may decompose spontaneously above 140°F. This has occurred in drums, causing over-pressurization.

Ketones

Strong Oxidizing Agent

BENZOQUINONE acts as an oxidizing agent (NTP, 1992).

1040 °F (USCG, 1999)|1040 °F (560 °C)|560 °C

656.6 Kcal/g mol @ 25 °C

9.68 eV

Combustible Solid

Dust explosion possible if in powder or granular form, mixed with air. If dry, it can be charged electrostatically by swirling, pneumatic transport, pouring, etc.

II

6.1

UN 2587 6.1/PG 2

3

23/25-36/37/38-50-20/21/22-11

26-28-45-61-28A-23-16

DK2625000

T,N,Xn,F

Treasury is ventilated at low temperature and dry; stored separately from oxidants and food additives

Stable, but light sensitive. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. Flammable.

P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P311, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501

H301

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number U197, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste.|Biodegradation: Diluted waste waters may be purified by biological means with specially adjusted activated sludge. Biodegradation is greatly facilitated if the quinone wastes are reduced to hydroquinone prior to discharge. Suitable reducing agents are sodium sulfite and sulfur dioxide. Concentrated wastes are disposed of in special waste incinerators, whereby attention has to be given to the fact that quinone sublimes. Recommendable methods: Incineration, landfill, discharge to sewer. Peer-review: Dissolve in a suitable solvent before combustion. Small amt: landfill or well dilute and discharge to sewer. (Peer-review conclusions of an IRPTC expert consultation (May 1985))|A good candidate for rotary kiln incineration at a temperature range of 820 to 1,600 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and hours for solids. A good candidate for fluidized bed incineration at a temperature range of 450 to 980 °C and residence times of seconds for liquids and gases, and longer for solids.

Contact with strong oxidizers may cause fires & explosions.|Strong oxidizers.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Contain irritating and toxic fumes, including carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide. Behavior in Fire: Cylinder may explode in heat of fire. In powder form, it is capable or producing a dust explosion. (USCG, 1999)|Flammable. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. Above 38 °C explosive vapour/air mixtures may be formed. Finely dispersed particles form explosive mixtures in air.|Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree

|Danger|H301: Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P311, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P391, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H301 (100%): Toxic if swallowed [Danger Acute toxicity, oral]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 1299 companies from 28 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|The GHS information provided by 1 company from 1 notification to the ECHA C&L Inventory.|P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P310, P302+P352, P304+P340, P309+P311, P312, P321, P330, P332+P313, P362, P403+P233, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. SPILL: Increase, in the downwind direction, as necessary, the isolation distance shown above. FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

Excerpt from ERG Guide 153 [Substances - Toxic and/or Corrosive (Combustible)]: ELIMINATE all ignition sources (no smoking, flares, sparks or flames in immediate area). Do not touch damaged containers or spilled material unless wearing appropriate protective clothing. Stop leak if you can do it without risk. Prevent entry into waterways, sewers, basements or confined areas. Absorb or cover with dry earth, sand or other non-combustible material and transfer to containers. DO NOT GET WATER INSIDE CONTAINERS. (ERG, 2016)

Skin: Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact. Eyes: Wear appropriate eye protection to prevent eye contact. Wash skin: The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated. Remove: Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. Change: Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premise. Provide: Eyewash fountains should be provided in areas where there is any possibility that workers could be exposed to the substance; this is irrespective of the recommendation involving the wearing of eye protection. Facilities for quickly drenching the body should be provided within the immediate work area for emergency use where there is a possibility of exposure. [Note: It is intended that these facilities provide a sufficient quantity or flow of water to quickly remove the substance from any body areas likely to be exposed. The actual determination of what constitutes an adequate quick drench facility depends on the specific circumstances. In certain instances, a deluge shower should be readily available, whereas in others, the availability of water from a sink or hose could be considered adequate.] (NIOSH, 2016)|... Protective clothing, gloves & boots are indicated. Wear appropriate clothing to prevent any reasonable probability of skin contact.|PERSONAL PROTECTION (FULL FACE, AIR SUPPLIED RESPIRATOR) MAY BE NECESSARY FOR SHORT EXPOSURES IN OPERATIONS WHERE OTHER CONTROLS MAY NOT BE FEASIBLE.|Employees should be provided with & required to use dust- & splash-proof safety goggles where there is any possibility of quinone or liquids contacting the eyes.|Wear appropriate personal protective clothing to prevent skin contact.|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for 1,4-BENZOQUINONE (12 total), please visit the HSDB record page.|(See protection codes)

Combustible.

Drums containing moist quinone self heated, generating smoke and internal pressure. ... The moist material showed an exotherm at 40-50 °C and decomposed at 60-70 °C, ... owing to pressure impurities. Drums exposed to direct sunlight soon attain a surface temperature of 50-60 °C.

Extinguishant: Water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide.|/Wear a/ self-contained breathing apparatus with a full facepiece operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode.|If material on fire or involved in fire: Extinguish fire using agent suitable for type of surrounding fire. (Material itself does not burn or burns with difficulty.) Use water in flooding quantities as fog. Use foam, dry chemical, or carbon dioxide. Keep run-off water out of sewers and water sources. /Benzoquinone/

1) VENTILATE AREA OF SPILL. 2) FOR SMALL QUANTITIES, SWEEP ONTO PAPER OR OTHER SUITABLE MATERIAL, PLACE IN APPROPRIATE CONTAINER & BURN IN SAFE PLACE (SUCH AS FUME HOOD). LARGE QUANTITIES MAY BE RECLAIMED; HOWEVER, IF ... NOT PRACTICAL, DISSOLVE IN FLAMMABLE SOLVENT (SUCH AS ALCOHOL) & ATOMIZE IN SUITABLE COMBUSTION CHAMBER EQUIPPED WITH APPROPRIATE EFFLUENT GAS CLEANING DEVICE.

Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises.|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced.|The worker should immediately wash the skin when it becomes contaminated.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for 1,4-BENZOQUINONE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Fire or Explosion: Combustible material: may burn but does not ignite readily. When heated, vapors may form explosive mixtures with air: indoors, outdoors and sewers explosion hazards. Those substances designated with a (P) may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Contact with metals may evolve flammable hydrogen gas. Containers may explode when heated. Runoff may pollute waterways. Substance may be transported in a molten form.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Health: TOXIC; inhalation, ingestion or skin contact with material may cause severe injury or death. Contact with molten substance may cause severe burns to skin and eyes. Avoid any skin contact. Effects of contact or inhalation may be delayed. Fire may produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may be corrosive and/or toxic and cause pollution.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number on Shipping Paper first. If Shipping Paper not available or no answer, refer to appropriate telephone number listed on the inside back cover. As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area in all directions for at least 50 meters (150 feet) for liquids and at least 25 meters (75 feet) for solids. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate enclosed areas.|/GUIDE 153: SUBSTANCES - TOXIC and/or CORROSIVE (Combustible)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Wear chemical protective clothing that is specifically recommended by the manufacturer. It may provide little or no thermal protection. Structural firefighters' protective clothing provides limited protection in fire situations ONLY; it is not effective in spill situations where direct contact with the substance is possible.|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 1,4-BENZOQUINONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

Solid quinone in contact with skin ... produce ... severe irritation. ... Quinone vapor is highly irritating to eyes.|Irritates ... mucous membranes, especially to cornea ... .

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.1 ppm (0.4 mg/cu m).

Recommended Exposure Limit: 10 Hr Time-Weighted Avg: 0.4 mg/cu m (0.1 ppm).

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Sweep spilled substance into covered containers. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Then store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Fireproof. Separated from combustible substances, reducing agents and food and feedstuffs. Cool. Dry.

A harmful contamination of the air can be reached rather quickly on evaporation of this substance at 20 °C.

The substance is irritating to the eyes, skin and respiratory tract. The substance may cause effects on the eyes. Exposure far above the OEL could cause respiratory failure and death.

Repeated or prolonged contact with skin may cause dermatitis. The substance may have effects on the skin and eyes. This may result in discolouration, inflammation and injury of the corneal epithelium.

NO open flames, NO sparks and NO smoking. Closed system, dust explosion-proof electrical equipment and lighting. Prevent deposition of dust. Prevent build-up of electrostatic charges (e.g., by grounding).

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! IN ALL CASES CONSULT A DOCTOR!

Use local exhaust or breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety spectacles, face shield or eye protection in combination with breathing protection.

This action promulgates standards of performance for equipment leaks of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) in the Synthetic Organic Chemical Manufacturing Industry (SOCMI). The intended effect of these standards is to require all newly constructed, modified, and reconstructed SOCMI process units to use the best demonstrated system of continuous emission reduction for equipment leaks of VOC, considering costs, non air quality health and environmental impact and energy requirements. 1,4-Benzoquinone is produced, as an intermediate or final product, by process units covered under this subpart.|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Quinone is included on this list.

| 1 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause significant irritation.| 2 - Materials that must be moderately heated or exposed to relatively high ambient temperatures before ignition can occur. Materials would not under normal conditions form hazardous atmospheres with air, but under high ambient temperatures or under moderate heating could release vapor in sufficient quantities to produce hazardous atmospheres with air.| 1 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable but that can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures.

Occupational exposure to quinone may occur in the dye, textile, chemical, tanning, and cosmetic industries. Acute (short-term) exposure to high levels of quinone, via inhalation in humans, results in irritation of the eyes, consisting of discoloration of the conjunctiva and cornea, and causes dermatitis from dermal exposure. Chronic (long-term) inhalation exposure to quinone in humans may result in visual disturbances, and chronic dermal contact causes skin ulceration. No information is available on the reproductive, developmental, or carcinogenic effects of quinone in humans. The results of available animal studies are insufficient to evaluate the carcinogenicity of quinone. EPA has not evaluated quinone for carcinogenicity.

U197; A toxic waste when a discarded commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 10 lb or 4.45 kg. The toll free telephone number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.6 (section IV. D.3.b).

U197; As stipulated in 40 CFR 261.33, when 1,4-benzoquinone, as a commercial chemical product or manufacturing chemical intermediate or an off-specification commercial chemical product or a manufacturing chemical intermediate, becomes a waste, it must be managed according to Federal and/or State hazardous waste regulations. Also defined as a hazardous waste is any residue, contaminated soil, water, or other debris resulting from the cleanup of a spill, into water or on dry land, of this waste. Generators of small quantities of this waste may qualify for partial exclusion from hazardous waste regulations (40 CFR 261.5).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: The ambient atmospheric concentration of 1,4-benzoquinone has been reported to be less than 15 to 80 ng/cu m(1). SOURCE DOMINATED: 1,4-Benzoquinone has been detected in tobacco smoke(1). Samples of ambient air were collected at two sites situated close to roads which had a high volume of traffic in Singapore(2). The concentration of 1,4-benzoquinone in the two samples were 0.10 and 0.13 ug/1000 cu m using a reductive electrochemical detection methods which had a detection limit in the subnanogram range(2).

highly toxic

THE INFLUENCE OF P-BENZOQUINONE ON POTASSIUM UPTAKE BY EXCISED SUGAR BEET & WHEAT ROOTS WAS STUDIED. WHEN P-BENZOQUINONE WAS ADDED TO NUTRIENT SOLUTION, IT ENHANCED ABSORPTION RATES OF BOTH SPECIES AT VERY LOW CONCN WHILE INHIBITION OCCURRED FOR HIGHER CONCN.

LD50 Rat oral 130 mg/kg|LD50 Rat iv 25 mg/kg

Persons with a history of congenital or acquired eye defects would be expected to be at increased risk from exposure. Persons with poor visual acuity from high degrees of astigmatism, keratoconus, or existing corneal injury should be /protected/ from repeated, uncontrolled exposure to quinone vapor.|Workers who have ... /injuries or diseases of the/ skin must be protected from /exposure to 1,4-benzoquinone/.

1,4-Benzoquinone occurs naturally in a variety of arthropods(1). Many insects synthesize simple benzoquinones(2).

1,4-Benzoquinone's production and use as a chemical intermediate in the manufacture of hydroquinone as a photographic chemical, and a tanning agent(1) may result in its release to various waste streams(SRC). 1,4-Benzoquinone can also be released to various waste streams from the coal industry(2). It has been found in tobacco smoke(3).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: 1,4-Benzoquinone was degraded very fast in a chernozem soil (persistence time not reported) leaving soil-stable metabolite residues(1); the fate processes by which the 1,4-benzoquinone was degraded in this chernozem soil were not reported(SRC). Based on a log Kow value of 0.20(2), 1,4-benzoquinone should have high mobility in soil(SRC) based on a suggested classification scheme(3). 1,4-Benzoquinone on soil surfaces may be susceptible to volatilization based on a Henry's Law constant of 4.79X10-4 atm-cu m/mol(SRC) calculated from a water solubility of 1.113X10+4 mg/l(4) and a vapor pressure of 37.5 mm Hg(5). 1,4-Benzoquinone on soil surfaces may also be susceptible to photodegradation(6,7,SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: 1,4-Benzoquinone released to the aquatic environment is not expected to significantly volatilize(SRC) based on a Henry's Law constant of 4.79X10-4 atm-cu m/mol(SRC) calculated from a water solubility of 1.113X10+4 mg/l(1) and a vapor pressure of 37.5 mm Hg(2). Adsorption to suspended solids and sediment should also not be important based upon the high water solubility of 1,4-benzoquinone(SRC). An estimated BCF value of 0.84(3,SRC), from an experimental Kow of 0.20(4), suggests that 1,4-benzoquinone will not bioaccumulate in aquatic organisms(SRC) according to a recommended classification scheme(5). Since it absorbs UV radiation in environmentally significant wavelengths(6,7), direct photolysis is possible(SRC). Sufficient data are not available to predict the significance of biodegradation but its rapid loss in soil suggests that biodegradation may be important(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a suggested classification scheme(1), a vapor pressure of 37.5 mm Hg at 25 °C(2) indicates that 1,4-benzoquinone will exist in the vapor phase in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor phase 1,4-benzoquinone is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals and ozone(SRC); the combined half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be about 33.6 minutes(3,SRC). Since it absorbs UV radiation in environmentally significant wavelengths(4,5), photolysis is also possible(SRC).

The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone with photochemically produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 4.5X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 3.6 days at an atmospheric concentration of 5X10+5 hydroxyl radicals per cu cm(1,SRC). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 1,4-benzoquinone with atmospheric ozone has been estimated to be 3.5X10-16 cu cm/molecule-sec(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1,SRC). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of 3.3 days at an atmospheric concentration of 7X10+11 ozone molecules/cu cm(1,SRC). Although 1,4-benzoquinone absorbs UV radiation between 300 nm to well over 400 nm(3,2), photolysis rate constants are not available for environmental parameters(SRC). Photolysis of 1,4-benzoquinone in aqueous solution using natural sunlight and artificial light in excess of 290 nm wavelength has yielded unidentifiable polar products(4). The major process for the removal of 1,4-benzoquinone from the atmosphere is its reaction with OH radicals with a reported atmospheric lifetime of greater than 5 days(5).

An estimated BCF value of 0.84 was calculated for 1,4-benzoquinone(SRC), using an experimental log Kow value of 0.20(1) and a recommended regression derived equation(2). According to a recommended classification scheme(3), this BCF value suggests that bioconcentration in aquatic organisms will not be an important fate process(SRC).

Based on a log Kow value of 0.20(1) and a regression-derived equation(2,SRC), the Koc value for 1,4-benzoquinone can be estimated to be about 30(SRC). According to a suggested classification scheme(3),this estimated Koc value suggests that 1,4-benzoquinone has high mobility in soil(SRC).

The Henry's Law constant for 1,4-benzoquinone has been estimated to be 4.79X10-4 atm-cu m/mol(SRC) from an experimental water solubility of 1.113X10+4 mg/l at 18 °C(1) and a vapor pressure of 37.5 mm Hg at 20 °C(2). This value indicates that 1,4-benzoquinone will volatilize from water surfaces(3,SRC). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4.9 hours(3,SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.5 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec) is estimated as approximately 4.7 days(3,SRC). 1,4-Benzoquinone's vapor pressure(2), and Henry's Law constant indicate that volatilization from dry and moist soil may occur(SRC).

SURFACE WATER: /1,4-Benzoquinone/ ... has been found as a pollutant in filtered surface ... water at a water treatment plant.|GROUNDWATER: /1,4-Benzoquinone/ ... has been found as a pollutant in filtered ... ground water at a water treatment plant.

... Corneal & conjuctival irritation & pigmentation have been observed many times in workmen employed in mfr of hydroquinone from aniline. Benzoquinone has been found specifically responsible for this disturbance ... .|Inhalation of contaminated air, especially near areas of use and production, may result in exposure. Inhalation exposure is possible as a result of tobacco smoking. (SRC)|Quinone can affect the body if it ... comes in contact with the eyes or skin. It can also affect the body if it is swallowed.|The following list includes some common operations in which exposure to quinone may occur ... : Use as oxidizing agent ... in photography ... in agriculture production of insecticides & fungicides; in pharmaceutical industry for production of cortisone & addition cmpd with barbiturates; use in polymer & resins industry; ... use as toner & intensifier in photographic industry; as a tanning agent for leather industry; use in mfr of quinhydrone electrodes for use for pH determinations.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant and Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499) (See all compounds classified as Indicators and Reagents.)

QUINONE IS READILY ABSORBED FROM GASTROENTERIC TRACT & SC TISSUES. IT IS PARTIALLY EXCRETED UNCHANGED; BUT BULK IS ELIMINATED IN CONJUGATION WITH HEXURONIC, SULFURIC, & OTHER ACIDS.

IN PIG PARA-QUINONE IS METABOLIZED TO P-BENZOSEMIQUINONE & QUINOL. /FROM TABLE/|Quinones (ie, 6,12-dione) have been shown to undergo oxidation-reduction cycles involving quinone, hydroquinone, and molecular oxygen, resulting in the formation of oxygen radicals and semiquinone radicals. /Quinones/

Poisonous; may be fatal if inhaled, swallowed or absorbed through the skin. Contact with solid, vapor or solution can cause severe local damage to the skin and mucous membranes. Symptoms include discoloration, severe irritation, erythema, swelling, papules and vesicles. Necrosis may result from long exposure. The eyes may experience irritation, conjunctivitis, photophobia, lacrymation and burning sensations. The cornea may suffer ulceration and scarring. Chronic eye exposure causes gradual brownish discoloration of the conjunctiva and cornea, small corneal opacities and damage in corneal structure which cause loss of visual acuity. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Corrosive chemicals will destroy the membranes of the mouth, throat, and esophagus and, in addition, have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Transport the victim IMMEDIATELY to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)|(See procedures)

Fresh air, rest. Half-upright position. Refer for medical attention.

Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap. Refer for medical attention .

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

ULCERATION OF CORNEA HAS RESULTED FROM ONE BRIEF EXPOSURE TO HIGH CONCN OF VAPOR OF QUINONE, AS WELL AS FROM REPEATED EXPOSURES TO MODERATELY HIGH CONCN. FOLLOWING DISCONTINUATION OF EXPOSURE, RECOVERY OCCURRED PROMPTLY & SPONTANEOUSLY ... THERE WERE NO SYSTEMIC EFFECTS OR CHANGES IN COMPOSITION OF BLOOD OR URINE.|CAN CAUSE DERMATITIS WITH DISCOLORATION, ERYTHEMA, FORMATION OF PAPULES & VESICLES. IN SEVERE CASES THERE CAN BE NECROTIC CHANGES IN SKIN. VAPORS ACTING ON EYE CAN CAUSE SERIOUS DISTURBANCES, INCL CONJUNCTIVITIS ... DISCOLORATION OF CONJUNCTIVA & CORNEA HAVE BEEN REPORTED.|... Ocular disturbance without acute reaction was observed in numerous workers who were exposed chronically to vapors of benzoquinone or dust of hydroquinone. These workers developed in course of 2 years a brownish tinge overlying the sclera in the palpebral fissure. At this stage, the conjunctival surface appeared slightly dry, & deeper layers of conjunctiva had a light brownish stain visible biomicroscopically, but no discrete colored particles. After another 2 or 3 years, the conjunctiva appeared more thickened & more dry, with superficial white flecks & brown stain. In deeper layers, brown discoloration was ... seen ... as discrete brown granules or globules. Pigment was observed to begin to migrate from limbus into cornea.|... In several cases /of chronic exposure to quinone/ vision became seriously reduced from permanent fine opacities & much astigmatism & irregularity in the cornea. After exposure to quinone vapor was discontinued, the discoloration decreased, but the visual disturbance was permanent. Many years later in such cases a Hudson-Stahli pigment line in the epithelium & severe astigmatism from formation of facets in cornea have been observed.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for 1,4-BENZOQUINONE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

1,4-benzoquinone

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.|inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact

Eye irritation, conjunctivitis; keratitis (inflammation of the cornea); skin irritation

Burning sensation. Cough. Laboured breathing. Shortness of breath. Sore throat.

Redness. Pain. Skin discoloration. Blisters.

Redness. Pain. Blurred vision. Brown staining.

Eyes, skin

PARA-QUINONE IS AVAILABLE IN USA AS TECHNICAL GRADE ... GRADE AVAILABLE IN JAPAN HAS PURITY OF OVER 99%.|/Available/ ... in assay 98% grades.

2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione: ACTIVE|1,4-Benzoquinone reacts with trialkylboranes to produce alkyl substituted hydroquinones

THE XAD-2 IN EACH TUBE IS TRANSFERRED TO A VIAL & THE QUINONE IS DESORBED WITH A SOLN OF 20% ETHANOL IN HEXANE & ANALYZED BY HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY. THE METHOD WAS VALIDATED OVER RANGE OF 0.17-0.75 MG/CU M AT ATMOSPHERIC TEMP OF 25 °C & ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE OF 767 MM HG USING A 24 L SAMPLE VOL. THIS METHOD IS CAPABLE OF MEASURING MUCH SMALLER AMT IF THE DESORPTION EFFICIENCY IS ADEQUATE. DESORPTION EFFICIENCY MUST BE DETERMINED OVER THE RANGE USED. PRECISION IS 0.085.|Method 8270A: Soil and Water, "Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS): Capillary Column Technique" Using a Capillary Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer with a detection limit of 10 ug/l (water).

COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR DETERMINATION OF CONCN OF 2 MG/L OR MORE PARA-QUINONE IN ... URINE WAS BASED ON ABSORBANCE AT 410 NM OF ITS COMPLEX WITH PARA-DIMETHYLAMINOBENZALDEHYDE. DETERMINATION OF SOME QUINONES IN AIR AND IN URINE.

Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAPs)|Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 2nd degree, Reactive - 1st degree