(+)-Panthenol

205.251

205.25

201-327-3

1O6C93RI7Z

DTXSID3022906

C47481

Hygroscopic oil|Viscous liquid|Clear viscous, somewhat hygroscopic liquid ... Some crystallization may occur on standing

D03AX03|A - Alimentary tract and metabolism|D - Dermatologicals|S - Sensory organs

2924199090

89.79

-0.9

Transparent colorless to slightly yellow viscous liquid

1.2 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

<25 °C

119 °C

246.3ºC

1.495-1.502

In water, 1.6X10+6 mg/L at 25 deg C /miscible/ (est)

-20ºC

1.5X10-8 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

LD50 oral in mouse: 15gm/kg

Slightly bitter taste

Henry's Law constant = 2.8X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

144.7 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]|141.49 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]|144.1 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine and drug standards]

The alcohol corresponding to pantothenic acid, with vitamin activity|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.7X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

UN 2583 8/PG 2

1

R36/37/38

S24/25

ES4316000

Xn

Panthenol is most stable form of pantothenic acid in liquid products

P264, P280, P305+P351+P338, P33, P313

H319

SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.|SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.|SRP: At the time of review, regulatory criteria for small quantity disposal are subject to significant revision, however, household quantities of waste pharmaceuticals may be managed as follows: Mix with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double bag in plastic, discard in trash.

Dexpanthenol is incompatible with alkalis & strong acids.

Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: dexpanthenol is included in poison ivy, poison oak and poison sumac drug products.|The Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations List identifies currently marketed prescription drug products, including dexpanthenol, approved on the basis of safety and effectiveness by FDA under sections 505 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act.|d-Pantothenyl alcohol used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice.

Not Classified

SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses by industrial workers is inconsistent. The benefits or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

A skin and eye irritant.

Mouse LD50 : 9gm/kg (Intraperitoneal) Mouse: LD50 7gm/kg (Intravenous) Mouse: LD50 15gm/kg (Oral) Rabbit LD50 4gm/kg (Oral)

It has been reported that dexpanthenol prolonged the muscle relaxant effects of succinylcholine; however, a controlled trial failed to show this effect. The manufacturers recommend that dexpanthenol not be administered within 1 hour of succinylcholine.|Pantothenol increased the toxic and paralyzing action of D-tubocurarine but did not protect pigeons against lethal doses of curare. It did not stimulate respiration and muscle activity in rabbits which had been blocked by curare.|On theoretical grounds, the manufacturers of dexpanthenol recommend that the drug not be given with or within 12 hours after administration of neostigmine or other parasympathomimetic drugs. Although the clinical importance has not been established, the miotic effects of anticholinesterase ophthalmic preparations (e.g., echothiophate iodide (no longer commercially available in the US), isoflurophate) reportedly may be potentiated by pantothenic acid.|The manufacturers also warn that rare cases of allergic reactions of unknown cause have occurred during concomitant use of dexpanthenol injection and antibiotics, opiates, and barbiturates.|For more Interactions (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Mouse oral 15,000 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 9,000 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse iv 7000mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit iv 4000 mg/kg

Plasma protein binding have not been reported.

Reasonably stable to usual sterilization time and temperature in aqueous solutions adjusted to pH 3.0-4.0, but long heating causes racemization. Hydrolyzed by alkali and strong acid. Usually more stable than salts of pantothenoic acid if pH can be adjusted between 3 and 5. Aqueous solutions can be stabilized with pantolactone.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 46,519 workers (36,944 of these were female) were potentially exposed to dexpanthenol in the US(1).

Injection: Prophylactic use immediately after major abdominal surgery to minimize the possibility of paralytic ileus. Intestinal atony causing abdominal distention; postoperative or postpartum retention of flatus, or postoperative delay in resumption of intestinal motility; paralytic ileus. Topical: This medication is used as a moisturizer to treat or prevent dry, rough, scaly, itchy skin and minor skin irritations (e.g., diaper rash, skin burns from radiation therapy).

Dexpanthenol (topical) relieves itching and aids healing of skin in mild eczemas and dermatoses; itching skin, minor wounds, stings, bites, poison ivy, poison oak (dry sage) and minor skin irritations. Also, used in infants and children for diaper rash, chafing and mild skin irritations.|Prophylactic use immediately after major abdominal surgery to minimize the possibility of paralytic ileus. Intestinal atony causing abdominal distention; postoperative or post partum retention of flatus, or post operative delay in resumption of intestinal motility; paralytic ileus.|Vet: ... Dexpanthenol ... /is/ often used as source of B5. Only the D-isomers are active biologically, but dl-isomers are often used ... Equivalents: 1 g D-pantothenic acid = 936 mg D-dexpanthenol.|/Exptl Use (Vet)/: The effect of B-complex vitamin on experimental liver damage in rats was studied. Ip injection of panthenol inhibited initial deposit of lipids after having removed 2/3 of the regenerating fatty liver in rats.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Administration of dexpanthenol injection directly into the vein is not advised.|One case of heartburn and a few cases of GI cramps have been reported after dexpanthenol administration. Allergic reactions to dexpanthenol have been reported occasionally; however, these reactions have not been directly attributed to the drug. Although isolated reports of itching, tingling, difficulty in breathing, erythema, generalized dermatitis, urticaria, temporary respiratory difficulty (when dexpanthenol injection was administered 5 minutes after succinylcholine had been discontinued), hypotension, persistent (up to 10 days) diarrhea, and agitation have been associated with use of dexpanthenol injection, a causal relationship to the drug has not been established.|It is not known whether dexpanthenol can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Dexpanthenol injection should be used during pregnancy only when clearly needed.|Dexpanthenol injection should not be used for the management of mechanical obstruction; in these patients, therapy should be directed mainly at correcting the obstruction. The manufacturer of dexpanthenol injection cautions that the management of adynamic ileus includes correction of fluid and electrolyte abnormalities (especially hypokalemia), anemia, and hypoproteinemia; treatment of infection; avoidance of drugs that decrease GI motility; and decompression of the GI tract using nasogastric suction or a long intestinal tube when there is considerable distention.|For more Drug Warnings (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (9 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Pantothenic acid is a precursor of coenzyme A, which serves as a cofactor for a variety of enzyme-catalyzed reactions involving transfer of acetyl groups. The final step in the synthesis of acetylcholine consists of the choline acetylase transfer of acetyl group from acetylcoenzyme A to choline. Acetylcholine is the neurohumoral transmitter in the parasympathetic system and as such maintains the normal functions of the intestine. Decrease in acetylcholine content would result in decreased peristalsis and in extreme cases adynamic ileus.

Dexpanthenol is soluble in water and alcohol, although insoluble in fats and oil based substances. With the appropriate vehicle, Dexpanthenol is easily penetrated into the skin. Rate of penetration and absorption is reduced when Dexpanthenol is administered as an oil/water formula.|Milk of nursing mothers receiving a normal diet contains about 2 ug of pantothenic acid per mL. About 70% of an oral dose of pantothenic acid is excreted unchanged in urine and about 30% in feces.|Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A. Highest concentrations are found in the liver, adrenal glands, heart, and kidneys.|Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A. Highest concentrations are found in the liver, adrenal glands, heart, and kidneys. Milk of nursing mothers receiving a normal diet contains about 2 ug of pantothenic acid per mL. About 70% of an oral dose of pantothenic acid is excreted unchanged in urine and about 30% in feces.

Dexpanthenol is readily converted to pantothenic acid which is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A.|Dexpanthenol is converted to pantothenic acid ... which then produces acetylcholine.

Half life have not been reported

Dexpanthenol is an alcohol derivative of pantothenic acid, a component of the B complex vitamins and an essential component of a normally functioning epithelium. Dexpanthenol is enzymatically cleaved to form pantothenic acid, which is an essential component of Coenzyme A, which acts as a cofactor in many enzymatic reactions that are important for protein metabolism in the epithelium. Dermatological effects of the topical use of dexpanthenol include increased fibroblast proliferation and accelerated re-epithelialization in wound healing. Furthermore, it acts as a topical protectant, moisturizer, and has demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties.|This alcohol ... is said to increase the amount of coenzyme A available for the synthesis of acetylcholine. Increased formation of acetylcholine is thought to increase peristalsis and intestinal tone.|... To test the functional effect of pantothenate on dermal fibroblasts, cells were cultured and in vitro proliferation tests were performed using a standardized scratch test procedure. For all three donors analyzed, a strong stimulatory effect of pantothenate at a concentration of 20 ug/mL on the proliferation of cultivated dermal fibroblasts was observed. To study the molecular mechanisms resulting in the proliferative effect of pantothenate, gene expression was analyzed in dermal fibroblasts cultivated with 20 ug/mL of pantothenate compared with untreated cells using the GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. A number of significantly regulated genes were identified including genes coding for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, Id1, HMOX-1, HspB7, CYP1B1 and MARCH-II. Regulation of these genes was subsequently verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Induction of HMOX-1 expression by pantothenol and pantothenic acid in dermal cells was confirmed on the protein level using immunoblots. Functional studies revealed the enhanced suppression of free radical formation in skin fibroblasts cultured with panthenol. In conclusion, these studies provided new insight in the molecular mechanisms linked to the stimulatory effect of pantothenate and panthenol on the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts. /Calcium pantotenate/|... Pantothenic acid, pantothenol and other derivatives ... are precursors of CoA /that/ protect cells and whole organs against peroxidative damage by increasing the content of cell glutathione...

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Testing for skin irritation of a sun protective and baby care lotion in epicutaneous tests over 24 hr, eczematous test reaction appeared on a 30 yr old. Testing of single ingredients showed contact allergy to dexpanthenol.|/CASE REPORTS/ Dexpanthenol is the alcohol corresponding to pantothenic acid (the water-soluble vitamin B(5)). Although it is a common ingredient in many pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, contact allergy is relatively uncommon. Cocamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride phosphate is a phospholipid complex derived from pure coconut oil, and contact allergy is rare. ... A case of allergic contact dermatitis to panthenol and cocamidopropyl PG dimonium chloride phosphate in a facial hydrating lotion /is reported/.|/CASE REPORTS/ In a patient with contact dermatitis, dexpanthenol was found to be the causative allergen. There was a positive reaction to dexpanthenol on patch testing. Controls did not show any positive reactions to dexpanthenol on patch testing.|/CASE REPORTS/ Eleven cases of contact allergy to dexpanthenol are reported (5 females, 6 males; mean age 62.4 years). Five patients suffered from a leg ulcer and/or stasis dermatitis. In five patients the sensitization occurred after the application of dexpanthenol-containing ointments to the face. Only one patient did not show sensitization to other common allergens...|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

(+)-2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutyramide

USEPA/OPP Pesticide Code 068801; Trade Names: Piprotal and Tropital. /Former trade names/|Aqueous solution can be stabilized with pantolactone.|Injection: 250 mg/mL, In 10 ML and 2 mL vials (various manufacturers); 250 mg/mL, In UD Stat-Pak 2mL disposal syringes (Syringes contain no more than 0.5% chlorobutanol) Ilopan (Adria).|Pantothenic acid is included in multiple vitamin preparations as calcium or sodium salt or alcohol, panthenol.|For more Formulations/Preparations (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (13 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Butanamide, 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3-hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethyl-, (2R)-: ACTIVE|Only the D(+)- form has vitamin activity.|Equivalencies: 1 g D-dexpanthenol is equiv to 1068 mg D-pantothenic acid; 1 g D-pantothenic acid is equiv to 936 mg D-dexpanthenol; 1 g D-dexpanthenol is equiv to 1181 mg D-sodium pantothenate|Incompatibilities: dexpanthenol is incompatible with protein hydrolysate /From table/|The dextrorotatory isomer of the alcohol analogue of pantothenic acid

Analyte: dexpanthenol; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: infrared absorption spectrophotometry with comparison to standards|Analyte: dexpanthenol; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with sodium hydroxide; addition of cupric sulfate indicator; development of a deep blue color|Analyte: dexpanthenol; matrix: chemical identification; procedure: reaction with hydrochloric acid, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and sodium hydroxide; addition of ferric chloride indicator; development of a purplish red color|Analyte: dexpanthenol; matrix: chemical purity; procedure: reaction with perchloric acid; addition of crystal violet indicator; titration potassium biphthalate solution to a blue-green endpoint|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for Dexpanthenol (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Skin Conditioning Agents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Fatty Acyls [FA] -> Fatty amides [FA08] -> N-acyl amines [FA0802]|Cosmetics -> Antistatic; Hair conditioning; Skin conditioning