Chromium potassium zinc oxide

172.5 g/mol

170.828268 g/mol

234-329-8

1775

DTXSID2026313

Yellow powder|Green-to-yellow powder

1 Ų

3.40 to 3.60 (USCG, 1999)|3.5 g/cu cm|3.5 g/cm³

Decomposes at about 500 °C|No melting point; decomposes at 500 °C

less than 1 mg/mL at 68° F (NTP, 1992)|In water at 20 °C, 0.5 g/L at pH 6, 1.5 g/L at pH 9|Sparingly soluble in water|Very soluble in acids and ammonia salts. Slightly soluble in alkalines.|Solubility in water, g/l at 20 °C: 0.5 - 1.5

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Storage site should be as close as practical to lab in which carcinogens are to be used, so that only small quantities required for ... expt need to be carried. Carcinogens should be kept in only one section of cupboard, an explosion-proof refrigerator or freezer (depending on chemicophysical properties ...) that bears appropriate label. An inventory ... should be kept, showing quantity of carcinogen & date it was acquired ... Facilities for dispensing ... should be contiguous to storage area. /Chemical Carcinogens/

Odorless

When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of ZnO and K20.

Insoluble in water

Salts, Basic

Strong Oxidizing Agent

ZINC POTASSIUM CHROMATE is an oxidizing agent.

400 °C (layer); 580 °C (cloud) /Basic potassium zinc chromate/

Generators of waste (equal to or greater than 100 kg/mo) containing this contaminant, EPA hazardous waste number D007, must conform with USEPA regulations in storage, transportation, treatment and disposal of waste. /Chromium/|SRP: Wastewater from contaminant suppression, cleaning of protective clothing/equipment, or contaminated sites should be contained and evaluated for subject chemical or decomposition product concentrations. Concentrations shall be lower than applicable environmental discharge or disposal criteria. Alternatively, pretreatment and/or discharge to a permitted wastewater treatment facility is acceptable only after review by the governing authority and assurance that "pass through" violations will not occur. Due consideration shall be given to remediation worker exposure (inhalation, dermal and ingestion) as well as fate during treatment, transfer and disposal. If it is not practicable to manage the chemical in this fashion, it must be evaluated in accordance with EPA 40 CFR Part 261, specifically Subpart B, in order to determine the appropriate local, state and federal requirements for disposal.|The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Biological Treatment. /Chromium/|The following wastewater treatment technology has been investigated for chromium: Concentration process: Chemical Precipitation. /Chromium/|For more Disposal Methods (Complete) data for ZINC POTASSIUM CHROMATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Combustible, organic, or other readily oxidizable materials (paper, wood, sulfur, aluminum, plastics, etc.); corrosive to metals. /Chromic acid and chromates/|Hydrazine is decomposed explosively by chromates and chromic anhydride. /Chromates/

DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological profile for chromium (September 2012).[DHHS/ATSDR; Toxicological profile for chromium (September 2012); Available from, as of February 8, 2016: ww.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/tp7.pdf]|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Zinc (1980) EPA 400/5-80-079|USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Zinc (1987) EPA 440/5-87-003

Literature sources indicate that this compound is not flammable. (NTP, 1992)|Not combustible. Gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire.

|Danger|H302 (100%): Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P272, P273, P280, P281, P285, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P341, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P314, P321, P330, P332+P313, P333+P313, P337+P313, P342+P311, P362, P363, P391, P405, and P501|Aggregated GHS information provided by 63 companies from 11 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|H302: Harmful if swallowed [Warning Acute toxicity, oral]|P201, P202, P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P272, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P304+P340, P308+P313, P311, P314, P321, P330, P333+P313, P363, P403+P233, P405, and P501|H317: May cause an allergic skin reaction [Warning Sensitization, Skin]|P201, P202, P261, P272, P280, P281, P285, P302+P352, P304+P341, P308+P313, P321, P333+P313, P342+P311, P363, P405, and P501

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you spill this chemical, you should dampen the solid spill material with 5% acetic acid, then transfer the dampened material to a suitable container. Use absorbent paper dampened with 5% acetic acid to pick up any remaining material. Your contaminated clothing and the absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Wash all contaminated surfaces with 5% acetic acid followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this material in a refrigerator. (NTP, 1992)

Respirator, gloves, glasses and protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|Workers ... should wear personal protective equipment (acid-proof protective clothing, footwear, gloves and goggles). /Oxidizing substances/|Handle in effective fume removal device from behind explosion-resistant barrier. Use face shield. /Oxidizers/|Impervious gloves, aprons, and footwear shall be worn at operations where solutions of chromium (VI) may contact the skin. Protective gloves shall be worn at operations where dry compounds of chromium (VI) are handled and may contact the skin. /Cr(VI)/|Protective clothing: Coveralls or other full-body protective clothing shall be worn in areas where there is occupational exposure to chromium (VI). Protective clothing shall be changed at least daily at the end of the shift and more frequently if it should become grossly contaminated. /Cr(VI)/|For more Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (Complete) data for ZINC POTASSIUM CHROMATE (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Minimum explosive dust concentration (metal): 230 g/cu m /Basic potassium zinc chromate/

Extinguishant: Dry sand, dry dolomite, or dry graphite. /Basic potassium zinc chromate/|/When fire fighting wear/ self-contained breathing apparatus, with a full facepiece, operated in pressure-demand or other positive pressure mode. /Chromic acid & chromates/

Cr(VI) cmpd in waste sludge are completely removed by redn by carbon at 600 °C. /Chromium VI/|Persons not wearing protective equipment and clothing should be restricted from areas of spills until cleanup has been completed. If chromic acid or chromates are spilled, the following steps should be taken: 1. Ventilate area of spill. 2. Collect spilled material in the most convenient and safe manner and deposit in sealed containers for reclamation or for disposal in a secured sanitary landfill. Liquid containing chromic acid or chromates should be absorbed in vermiculite, dry sand, earth, or a similar material. /Chromic acid and chromates/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": A high-efficiency particulate arrestor (HEPA) or charcoal filters can be used to minimize amt of carcinogen in exhausted air ventilated safety cabinets, lab hoods, glove boxes or animal rooms ... Filter housing that is designed so that used filters can be transferred into plastic bag without contaminating maintenance staff is avail commercially. Filters should be placed in plastic bags immediately after removal ... The plastic bag should be sealed immediately ... The sealed bag should be labelled properly ... Waste liquids ... should be placed or collected in proper containers for disposal. The lid should be secured & the bottles properly labelled. Once filled, bottles should be placed in plastic bag, so that outer surface ... is not contaminated ... The plastic bag should also be sealed & labelled. ... Broken glassware ... should be decontaminated by solvent extraction, by chemical destruction, or in specially designed incinerators. /Chemical Carcinogens/

The most radical measure to be taken ... is the rationalization of the production process: replacement of batch processes by continuous ones, automation, remote control, choice of processes offering conditions of good occupational hygiene, mechanization of manual tasks and transport of the products in tightly closed vessels, and gas-tight enclosure of plant. Sources of release of gases into the air must be enclosed and equipped with exhaust systems. Air containing toxic substances must be cleaned ... . ... Piping and ventilation ductwork ... /should/ resist oxidizers. ... When production is associated with the spread of dust, it is particularly important to use water sprays for dust control. /Oxidizing substances/|SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in a manner such that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. The completeness of the cleaning procedures should be considered before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at the end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|Workers whose clothing may have become contaminated should change into uncontaminated clothing before leaving the work premises. /Chromic acid and cromates/|Work clothing that becomes wet or significantly contaminated should be removed and replaced. /Chromic acid and cromates; Chromium(II) compounds (as Cr); Chromium(III) compounds/|For more Preventive Measures (Complete) data for ZINC POTASSIUM CHROMATE (14 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": Procurement ... of unduly large amt ... should be avoided. To avoid spilling, carcinogens should be transported in securely sealed glass bottles or ampoules, which should themselves be placed inside strong screw-cap or snap-top container that will not open when dropped & will resist attack from the carcinogen. Both bottle & the outside container should be appropriately labelled. ... National post offices, railway companies, road haulage companies & airlines have regulations governing transport of hazardous materials. These authorities should be consulted before ... material is shipped. /Chemical Carcinogens/|PRECAUTIONS FOR "CARCINOGENS": When no regulations exist, the following procedure must be adopted. The carcinogen should be enclosed in a securely sealed, watertight container (primary container), which should be enclosed in a second, unbreakable, leakproof container that will withstand chem attack from the carcinogen (secondary container). The space between primary & secondary container should be filled with absorbent material, which would withstand chem attack from the carcinogen & is sufficient to absorb the entire contents of the primary container in the event of breakage or leakage. Each secondary container should then be enclosed in a strong outer box. The space between the secondary container & the outer box should be filled with an appropriate quantity of shock-absorbent material. Sender should use fastest & most secure form of transport & notify recipient of its departure. If parcel is not received when expected, carrier should be informed so that immediate effort can be made to find it. Traffic schedules should be consulted to avoid ... arrival on weekend or holiday ... /Chemical Carcinogens/

Chromic acid mist & chromate dusts may cause severe irritation of the nose, throat, bronchial tubes, and lung. /Chromic acid mist & chromate dusts/

Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 1 mg/cu m. /Chromium metal and insoluble salts, as Cr/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(II) compounds, as Cr/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-1 8-hr Time Weighted Avg: 0.5 mg/cu m. /Chromium(III) compounds, as Cr/|Permissible Exposure Limit: Table Z-2 Acceptable Ceiling Concentration: 1 mg/10 cu m. /Chromic acid and chromates (as CrO3)/

Recommended Exposure Limit: 8-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.5 mg Cr/cu m. /Chromium metal, chromium(II) and chromium(III) compounds/|Recommended Exposure Limit: 8-hour Time-Weighted Average: 0.0002 mg Cr(VI)/cu m. NIOSH considers all Cr(VI) compounds (including chromic acid, tert-butyl chromate, zinc chromate, and chromyl chloride) to be potential occupational carcinogens. /All hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI) compounds/|NIOSH usually recommends that occupational exposures to carcinogens be limited to the lowest feasible concentration. /Chromic acid and chromates/

Personal protection: particulate filter respirator adapted to the airborne concentration of the substance. Do NOT let this chemical enter the environment. Do NOT absorb in saw-dust or other combustible absorbents. Vacuum spilled material with specialist equipment. If appropriate, moisten first to prevent dusting. Carefully collect remainder. Store and dispose of according to local regulations.

Well closed. Store in an area without drain or sewer access.

A harmful concentration of airborne particles can be reached quickly when dispersed.

The substance is irritating to the respiratory tract.

Repeated or prolonged contact may cause skin sensitization. Repeated or prolonged inhalation may cause nasal ulceration. This may result in perforation of the nasal septum. This substance is carcinogenic to humans.

PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! AVOID ALL CONTACT!

Use local exhaust and breathing protection.

Protective gloves. Protective clothing.

Wear safety goggles in combination with breathing protection if powder.

... Substances for which a Federal Register notice has been published that included consideration of the serious health effects, including cancer, from ambient air exposure to the substance. Chromium is included on this list. /Chromium/|Listed as a hazardous air pollutant (HAP) generally known or suspected to cause serious health problems. The Clean Air Act, as amended in 1990, directs EPA to set standards requiring major sources to sharply reduce routine emissions of toxic pollutants. EPA is required to establish and phase in specific performance based standards for all air emission sources that emit one or more of the listed pollutants. Chromium compounds is included on this list. /Chromium compounds/

D007; A waste containing chromium may or may not be characterized as a hazardous waste following testing by the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure as prescribed by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) regulations. /Chromium/

D007; A solid waste containing chromium may or may not become characterized as a hazardous waste when subjected to the Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure listed in 40 CFR 261.24, and if so characterized, must be managed as a hazardous waste. /Chromium/

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Zinc potassium chromate is a green-to-yellow powder. Zinc chromates are employed primarily in priming paints used for metals, for which they provide resistance against corrosion. HUMAN EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY: A small cohort of Norwegian male workers /were studied/ from a company which produced zinc chromate paint. They found 3 cases of bronchial carcinoma (in workers aged 41, 51, and 59) where only 0.079 was expected for the total period of observation. The authors indicated that the three cases had six to nine years of exposure to zinc chromate dust levels of approximately 0.5 to 1.5 mg Cr/cu m. Two of the three carcinomas were found in smokers. There was also one case of nasal cancer in a man with a total of 3 month of exposure. Zinc chromate spray painters and electroplaters at two large aircraft maintenance facilities were studied. The relative excess for respiratory cancer among spray painters (21 observed vs 11.4 expected) was statistically significant. Incidence of chrome dermatitis has been estimated at widely varying levels 0.1-0.6 % in aircraft workers using zinc primer paint. ANIMAL STUDIES: An increased incidence of squamous cell carcinomas of the lung in rats subjected to bronchial implants of stainless steel pellets coated with zinc potassium chromate was reported. Zinc chromates enhanced the viral transformation of Syrian hamster secondary embryo cells by simian adenovirus SA7.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,179 workers (0 of these are female) were potentially exposed to zinc potassium chromate in the US(1).

INHALATION: Irritation of nasal passages and respiratory tract. EYES: Irritation. SKIN: Irritation. INGESTION: Irritation or corrosion of alimentary tract, circulatory collapse and toxic nephritis. (USCG, 1999)|Carcinogens

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital for treatment after washing the affected areas. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: Some heavy metals are VERY TOXIC POISONS, especially if their salts are very soluble in water (e.g., lead, chromium, mercury, bismuth, osmium, and arsenic). IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center and locate activated charcoal, egg whites, or milk in case the medical advisor recommends administering one of them. Also locate Ipecac syrup or a glass of salt water in case the medical advisor recommends inducing vomiting. Usually, this is NOT RECOMMENDED outside of a physician's care. If advice from a physician is not readily available and the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give the victim a glass of activated charcoal slurry in water or, if this is not available, a glass of milk, or beaten egg whites and IMMEDIATELY transport victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, assure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. OTHER: Since this chemical is a known or suspected carcinogen you should contact a physician for advice regarding the possible long term health effects and potential recommendation for medical monitoring. Recommendations from the physician will depend upon the specific compound, its chemical, physical and toxicity properties, the exposure level, length of exposure, and the route of exposure. (NTP, 1992)

Fresh air, rest.

Remove contaminated clothes. Put clothes in sealable container. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.

First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible), then refer for medical attention.

Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag-valve-mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W TKO. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam (Valium) or lorazepam (Ativan) ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Inorganic acids and related compounds/|For more Antidote and Emergency Treatment (Complete) data for ZINC POTASSIUM CHROMATE (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ Several studies of workers exposed to chromium compounds have suggested an increased incidence of respiratory cancers. Lead & zinc chromates were among the chromium compounds implicated. A study was done in a pigment plant in Newark (New Jersey, USA) which utilized both of these compounds. Observed deaths from each cause were compared with expected deaths. A statistically significant relative risk of 1.6 for lung cancer was found. An increased incidence of lung cancer was also evident. Pigment workers & others exposed to chromates should be observed carefully in regard to possible risk of pancreatic & stomach cancers.|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... A small cohort of Norweigian male workers /were studied/ from a company which produced zinc chromate paint. They found 3 cases of bronchial carcinoma (in workers aged 41, 51, and 59) where only 0.079 was expected for the total period of observation. The authors indicated that the three cases had six to nine years of exposure to zinc chromate dust levels of approximately 0.5 to 1.5 mg Cr/cu m. Two of the three carcinomas were found in smokers. There was also one case of nasal cancer in a man with a total of 3 month of exposure. /Zinc chromates/|/EPIDEMIOLOGY STUDIES/ ... Zinc chromate spray painters and electroplaters at two large aircraft maintenance facilities /were studied/. ... The relative excess for respiratory cancer among spray painters (21 observed vs 11.4 expected) was statistically significant. /Zinc chromates/

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

Cough. Sore throat. See Effects of long-term or repeated exposure.

Redness.

Redness.

Paint and coating manufacturing|Potassium zinc chromate hydroxide (KZn2(CrO4)2(OH)): ACTIVE|R - indicates a substance that is the subject of a TSCA section 6 risk management rule.

Health Hazards -> Carcinogens