Exendin-4

Exendin-4 is a 39 amino acid polypeptide and incretin mimetic involved in the glucose-dependent enhancement of insulin secretion. It was first isolated from Gila monster saliva. It also promotes the reduction of hyperglycemia, glucose-dependent suppression of inappropriately high glucagon secretion, slowing of gastric emptying, and reduction of food intake, often with body weight reduction or blunting of weight gain. The synthetic form, Exenatide, is a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) agonist approved for the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II， has a long half-life.

Exenatide is the first drug in a new class of anti-diabetics known as the incretin mimetics, and it is indicated as adjunctive therapy to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who are taking metformin, a sulfonylurea, or both, but have not achieved adequate glycemic control. Exenatide is a functional analog of the human incretin Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1). GLP-1 is naturally released from cells in the GI tract in response to food intake and acts on its receptor on b-cells to potentiate glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Exenatide is a long-acting agonist at the GLP-1 receptor. It is a synthetic version of a 39-amino acid peptide found in the salivary secretions of the Gila monster lizard.also moderates peak serum glucagon levels during hyperglycemic periods following meals, but does not interfere with glucagon release in response to hypoglycemia. The dosing regimen for exenatide is 5 or 10 mg twice daily, administered as a subcutaneous injection within an hour before morning and evening meals. Following subcutaneous administration, peak plasma concentrations of exenatide are reached in 2.1 h, and the plasma pharmacokinetic profile is dose proportional. The most common adverse events reported with exenatide include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, feeling jittery, dizziness, headache, and dyspepsia.

ChEBI: A bioactive polypeptide of 39 amino acid residues isolated from the saliva of the Gila monster (Heloderma suspectum). High-affinity glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist (Kd = 136 pM); potently indu es cAMP formation without stimulating amylase release in pancreatic acini; potentiates glucose-induced insulin secretion in isolated rat islets; protects against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity. A synthetic version is called exenatide.

Exendin-4 is an incretin mimetic peptide, which is composed of 39 amino acids. It is an analog of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and an insulinotropic agent, with a long half-life. Exendin-4 was historically isolated from the venom of Gila monster lizard calledHeloderma suspectum.

Exendin-4 Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 39 amino acids and having a molecular mass of approximately 4.2kDa. Exendin-4 is purified by proprietary chromatographic techniques.

Exendin-4 can activate the GLP-1 receptor, the receptor can increase cAMP levels of pancreatic acinar cells in intracellular , but it has no effect on VIP receptor.

Exendin-4 has been used as incretin mimetics for the treatment in HepG2 cells to exclude the influence of auxiliary material. It has also been used as an r (GLP-1R) agonist to exclude interference from auxiliary material.

Antidiabetic.