2,3-Dichloropropene

110.97000

110.97

201-153-8

370TNK5I41

60520

2047

DTXSID6025012

Straw-colored liquid|Colorless to yellow

29032900

0.00000

1.97770

2,3-dichloropropene is a colorless to yellow liquid with an odor of chloroform. Sinks in water. Produces irritating vapor. (USCG, 1999)

1.211 g/cm³ @ Temp: 20 °C

10 °C

94 °C @ Press: 760 Torr

10ºC

1.4601-1.4621

H2O: <0.1 g/100 mL at 22 ºC

2-8ºC

44 mm Hg ( 20 °C)

3.8 (vs air)

Pungent

Henry's Law constant = 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m /mole @ 25 °C

Reacts with aluminum, amines, and ammonia.|Conversion factor (vapors @ 25 °C/ 1 atm): 1 ppm = 4.54 mg/cu m

Highly flammable. Insoluble in water.

Halogenated Organic Compounds

Highly Flammable

2,3-DICHLOROPROPENE is incompatible with strong oxidizers. (NTP, 1992)

1035 °F (NTP, 1992)

-3900 cal/g

Lower flammable limit: 2.6% by volume; Upper flammable limit: 7.8% by volume

76.1 cal/g

Critical temperature: 278.4 °C; critical pressure: 34.9 atm

II

3

UN 2047

3

R11; R20/21/22; R37/38; R40; R41; R52/53

S16-S23-S26-S36/37/39-S61-S9

UC8400000

F

Stable under normal temperatures and pressures.

P210-P261-P273-P280-P305 + P351 + P338

H225-H302-H312-H315-H318-H332-H335-H341-H412

SRP: At the time of review, criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

USEPA; Ambient Water Quality Criteria Doc: Dichloropropanes/Dichloropropenes (Draft) (1980)|Dangerous Prop Ind Mater Rep 6 (4): 63-70 (1986). Reviews dichloropropene safety, toxicology and health hazards.

Special Hazards of Combustion Products: Highly toxic vapors. Behavior in Fire: Emits highly toxic vapors. (USCG, 1999)|Flammable - 3rd degree

|Danger|H225: Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|P201, P202, P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P280, P281, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P312, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P308+P313, P310, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501|H225 (100%): Highly Flammable liquid and vapor [Danger Flammable liquids]|Aggregated GHS information provided by 274 companies from 7 notifications to the ECHA C&L Inventory. Each notification may be associated with multiple companies.|P210, P233, P240, P241, P242, P243, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P312, P302+P352, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P312, P321, P322, P330, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P363, P370+P378, P403+P233, P403+P235, P405, and P501

Excerpt from ERG Guide 129 [Flammable Liquids (Water-Miscible / Noxious)]: As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. LARGE SPILL: Consider initial downwind evacuation for at least 300 meters (1000 feet). FIRE: If tank, rail car or tank truck is involved in a fire, ISOLATE for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions; also, consider initial evacuation for 800 meters (1/2 mile) in all directions. (ERG, 2016)

SMALL SPILLS AND LEAKAGE: If you should spill this chemical, FIRST REMOVE ALL SOURCES OF IGNITION, then use absorbent paper to pick up all liquid spill material. Your contaminated clothing and absorbent paper should be sealed in a vapor-tight plastic bag for eventual disposal. Solvent wash all contaminated surfaces with acetone followed by washing with a soap and water solution. Do not reenter the contaminated area until the Safety Officer (or other responsible person) has verified that the area has been properly cleaned. STORAGE PRECAUTIONS: You should store this chemical in an explosion-proof refrigerator and keep it away from oxidizing materials. STORE AWAY FROM SOURCES OF IGNITION. (NTP, 1992)

Rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing. (USCG, 1999)|Rubber gloves, self-contained breathing apparatus, protective clothing.

Flammable|A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat, flame, or oxidizers.

Fire extinguishing agents: small fires: dry chemical or carbon dioxide. Large fires: water fog or spray, or foam.

SRP: Contaminated protective clothing should be segregated in such a manner so that there is no direct personal contact by personnel who handle, dispose, or clean the clothing. Quality assurance to ascertain the completeness of the cleaning procedures should be implemented before the decontaminated protective clothing is returned for reuse by the workers. Contaminated clothing should not be taken home at end of shift, but should remain at employee's place of work for cleaning.|SRP: The scientific literature for the use of contact lenses in industry is conflicting. The benefit or detrimental effects of wearing contact lenses depend not only upon the substance, but also on factors including the form of the substance, characteristics and duration of the exposure, the uses of other eye protection equipment, and the hygiene of the lenses. However, there may be individual substances whose irritating or corrosive properties are such that the wearing of contact lenses would be harmful to the eye. In those specific cases, contact lenses should not be worn. In any event, the usual eye protection equipment should be worn even when contact lenses are in place.

/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Fire or Explosion: HIGHLY FLAMMABLE: Will be easily ignited by heat, sparks or flames. Vapors may form explosive mixtures with air. Vapors may travel to source of ignition and flash back. Most vapors are heavier than air. They will spread along ground and collect in low confined areas (sewers, basements, tanks). Vapor explosion hazard indoors, outdoors or in sewers. Those substances designated with "P" may polymerize explosively when heated or involved in a fire. Runoff to sewer may create fire or explosion hazard. Containers may explode when heated. Many liquids are lighter than water. /Dichloropropenes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Health: May cause toxic effects if inhaled or absorbed through skin. Inhalation or contact with material may irritate or burn skin and eyes. Fire will produce irritating, corrosive and/or toxic gases. Vapors may cause dizziness or suffocation. Runoff from fire control or dilution water may cause pollution. /Dichloropropenes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Public Safety: CALL Emergency Response Telephone Number ... . As an immediate precautionary measure, isolate spill or leak area for at least 50 meters (150 feet) in all directions. Keep unauthorized personnel away. Stay upwind. Keep out of low areas. Ventilate closed spaces before entering. /Dichloropropenes/|/GUIDE 129: FLAMMABLE LIQUIDS (POLAR/WATER-MISCIBLE/NOXIOUS)/ Protective Clothing: Wear positive pressure self-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA). Structural firefighters' protective clothing will only provide limited protection. /Dichloropropenes/|For more DOT Emergency Guidelines (Complete) data for 2,3-DICHLORO-1-PROPENE (8 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

No person may /transport,/ offer or accept a hazardous material for transportation in commerce unless that person is registered in conformance ... and the hazardous material is properly classed, described, packaged, marked, labeled, and in condition for shipment as required or authorized by ... /the hazardous materials regulations (49 CFR 171-177)./|The International Air Transport Association (IATA) Dangerous Goods Regulations are published by the IATA Dangerous Goods Board pursuant to IATA Resolutions 618 and 619 and constitute a manual of industry carrier regulations to be followed by all IATA Member airlines when transporting hazardous materials.|The International Maritime Dangerous Goods Code lays down basic principles for transporting hazardous chemicals. Detailed recommendations for individual substances and a number of recommendations for good practice are included in the classes dealing with such substances. A general index of technical names has also been compiled. This index should always be consulted when attempting to locate the appropriate procedures to be used when shipping any substance or article.

IRRITATION OF EYES & UPPER RESP MUCOSA APPEARS PROMPTLY AFTER EXPOSURE TO CONCN VAPORS. LACRIMATION IS PROMINENT. ... SEVERE SKIN IRRITATION WITH MARKED INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE OF EPIDERMIS & UNDERLYING TISSUES /FROM DERMAL EXPOSURES/. /DICHLOROPROPENES/|/Vapor is/ irritating to eyes, nose, and throat.

| 3 - Materials that, under emergency conditions, can cause serious or permanent injury.| 3 - Liquids and solids that can be ignited under almost all ambient temperature conditions. Materials produce hazardous atmospheres with air under almost all ambient temperatures or, though unaffected by ambient temperatures, are readily ignited under almost all conditions.| 0 - Materials that in themselves are normally stable, even under fire conditions.

Persons in charge of vessels or facilities are required to notify the National Response Center (NRC) immediately, when there is a release of this designated hazardous substance, in an amount equal to or greater than its reportable quantity of 100 lb or 45.4 kg. The toll free number of the NRC is (800) 424-8802; In the Washington D.C. metropolitan area (202) 426-2675. The rule for determining when notification is required is stated in 40 CFR 302.4 (section IV. D.3.b).

SOIL: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected not quantified in Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY soil samples(1).|SOIL: Dichloropropene, isomer not specified, was detected, not quantified in soil samples from Ville Mercier, Quebec, Canada(1). /Dichloropropene/|SEDIMENT: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected, not quantified, in Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY sediment samples(1).

URBAN/SUBURBAN: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected in the US (16 samples) at a median concn of 7.3 parts/trillion, with 570 parts/trillion maximum for all dichloropropene isomers(1). RURAL/REMOTE: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was sampled for but not detected in the Grand Canyon, AZ (7 samples)(1).

LD50 Rat oral 320 mg/kg|LD50 Rabbit skin 1580 mg/kg

... dichloropropenes can enter the aquatic environment as discharge from industrial effluents, by runoff from agricultural land, and from municipal effluent.|2,3-Dichloro-1-propene's occurrence as an impurity in the pesticide Telone(1) and the fumigant 1,3-dichloropropene(2) is expected to result in its direct release to the environment(SRC).

TERRESTRIAL FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 67(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to have high mobility in soil(SRC). Volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from moist soil surfaces is expected to be an important fate process(SRC) given a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). The potential for volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from dry soil surfaces may exist based upon a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg(5). Based on extremely slow degradation in soil(6), biodegradation in water is not expected to be an important environmental fate process(SRC).|AQUATIC FATE: Based on a classification scheme(1), an estimated Koc value of 67(SRC), determined from a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(3), indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is not expected to adsorb to suspended solids and sediment(SRC). Volatilization from water surfaces is expected(3) based upon a Henry's Law constant of 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(4). Using this Henry's Law constant and an estimation method(3), volatilization half-lives for a model river and model lake are 3 hrs and 4 days, respectively(SRC). 2,3-Dichloropropene is hydrolysed, with a half-life of approximately 27 days, at 29 °C(7). According to a classification scheme(6), an estimated BCF of 8(SRC), from its water solubiulity of 2,150 mg/l(2) and a regression-derived equation(5) suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC). Biodegradation in soil was shown to be extremely slow(8) and, therefore, it is not expected to be an important environmental fate process in water(SRC).|ATMOSPHERIC FATE: According to a model of gas/particle partitioning of semivolatile organic compounds in the atmosphere(1), 2,3-dichloro-1-propene, which has a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg at 25 °C(2), is expected to exist solely as a vapor in the ambient atmosphere. Vapor-phase 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is degraded in the atmosphere by reaction with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals(SRC); the half-life for this reaction in air is estimated to be 2 days(SRC), calculated from its rate constant of 8.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) determined using a structure estimation method(3).

Dichloropropenes have been shown to undergo photochemical formation of free radicals. /Dichloropropenes/|The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene with photochemically-produced hydroxyl radicals has been estimated as 8.6X10-12 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(1). The rate constant for the vapor-phase reaction of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene with ozone has been estimated as 2.2X10-15 cu cm/molecule-sec at 25 °C(SRC) using a structure estimation method(3). This corresponds to an atmospheric half-life of about 51 days at an atmospheric concn of 7X10+11 ozone molecules per cu cm(4). 2,3-Dichloropropene is hydrolysed, with a half-life of approximately 27 days, at 29 °C(6). Dichloro-1-propene is not expected to directly photolyze due to the lack of absorption in the environmental UV spectrum (>290 nm). 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene adsorbed on silica gel is mineralized when it is exposed to radiation from a Hg-high pressure lamp which has passed through a pyrex filter (absorbs radiation <290 nm) in the presence of pure oxygen(5). In 6 days of irradiation 50-90% of CO2 or HCl/Cl2 was produced(5). Hydrolysis of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene leads to the formation of 2-chloro-3-hydroxy-1-propene with a half-life of 27 days at 29 °C(6) and 22 days at 25 °C(7).

An estimated BCF of 8 was calculated for 2,3-dichloro-1-propene(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this BCF suggests the potential for bioconcentration in aquatic organisms is low(SRC).

The Koc of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is estimated as 67(SRC), using a water solubility of 2,150 mg/l(1) and a regression-derived equation(2). According to a classification scheme(3), this estimated Koc value suggests that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to have high mobility in soil.

The Henry's Law constant for 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is 2.82X10-3 atm-cu m/mole(1). This Henry's Law constant indicates that 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is expected to volatilize from water surfaces(2). Based on this Henry's Law constant, the volatilization half-life from a model river (1 m deep, flowing 1 m/sec, wind velocity of 3 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 3 hours(SRC). The volatilization half-life from a model lake (1 m deep, flowing 0.05 m/sec, wind velocity of 0.5 m/sec)(2) is estimated as 4 days(SRC). 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene's Henry's Law constant indicates that volatilization from moist soil surfaces may occur(SRC). The potential for volatilization of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene from dry soil surfaces may exist(SRC) based upon a vapor pressure of 61.2 mm Hg(3).

GROUNDWATER: Groundwater samples of the Abbotsford aquifer located in British Columbia, Canada were analyzed for 2,3-dichloropropene concs(1). In this area of the country, soil fumigants, containing 2,3-dichlorpropene impurities, were used primarily for the control of pathogenic nematodes in raspberry production. 2,3-Dichloropropene was detected in three of the 42 domestic wells analyzed in the study; all within the same area. Maximum measured 2,3-dichloropropene concn was 0.67 ug/l(1). Researchers found that concns changed with depth; highest in the intermediate depth (6.3 m) and lowest at the deeper depth (12.3 m). Concns also appeared to be higher during the fall and winter recharge period(1).|DRINKING WATER: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was either not detected or found at <0.1 ug/l in 42 raw or 42 treated water samples collected from nine municipalities along the Great Lakes between July-August, 1982, January-February, 1983, and April-May, 1983(1).|SURFACE WATER: 2,3-Dichloro-1-propene was detected, not quantified, in Love Canal, Niagara Falls, NY water samples(1).

Dichloropropene was detected in 1 of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the US, but the isomer was not specified(1).

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 302 workers (3 of these are female) are potentially exposed to 2,3-dichloro-1-propene in the US(1). The NOES Survey does not include farm workers. Occupational exposure to 2,3-dichloro-1-propene may occur through inhalation and dermal contact with this compound at workplaces where 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is produced or where products containing this compound as an impurity are produced or used(SRC).

Dichloropropene was detected in 1 of 8 samples of mother's milk from 4 urban areas in the US but the isomer was not specified(1).

The disposition of 2,3-dichloropropene, a chemical present with other chloropropene isomers in commercially used soil fumigants, was studied. Recovery of radioactivity derived from (14)Carbon 2,3-dichloropropene was compared after oral and ip exposure of rats. The radioactivity was excreted via the urine (66-76%), feces (13-21%), and as carbon dioxide (8%) with only 2% exhaled as unchanged 2,3-dichloropropene. After 72 hours, only 2-3% of the dose remained in the carcass. More than 90% of an oral dose was absorbed. After inhalation exposure, absorption (35%), metabolism and excretion were linear over a 100-fold dose range, from 1.3 to 180 ug (14)Carbon 2,3-dichloropropene vapor per liter of air for 6 hours. Approximately 50% of the (14)Carbon was recovered in urine, 15% in feces, and 8% was carbon dioxide with most of the remainder adhering to the pelt. There was no evidence of tissue accumulation and essentially all the (14)Carbon excreted was as metabolites of 2,3-dichloropropene Tissue distribution, clearance, and time to steady state also have been determined.|Since little is known about the disposition of (2,3-dichloropropene) in animals after inhalation, studies were conducted in male Fischer 344 rats to determine the effect of vapor concn on absorption and excretion. Uptake and elimination of (14)Carbon was studied in rats after nose only inhalation of 17, 240, or 1650 nmol of (14)C-2,3-dichloropropene vapor/l of air (0.4, 6, or 40 ppm, respectively, at 760 mm and 25 °C) for 6 hr. The percentage of inhaled 2,3-dichloropropene absorbed averaged 38% and was not statistically different at any vapor concn, although minute volume was lower during exposure to 1650 nmol/l. Urine, feces, and expired air were collected from rats for 65 hr after exposure. Rats were sacrificed and tissues, carcass, excreta, and expired air were analyzed for (14)C. Routes of (14)C excretion were independent of were analyzed for (14)C. Routes of (14)C excretion were independent of vapor concn, with 50% of the (14)Carbon excreted in urine, 13% in feces, approximately 7% as carbon dioxide, and < 1% as 2,3-dichloropropene in expired air. Rates of (14)C excretion were also independent of vapor concn, with the half-times averaging 9.9 hr (urine), 13.6 hr (feces), and 0.9 hr ((14)CO2). Sixty hours after inhalation, 29% of the initial body burden of (14)C remained in the carcass. Most was associated with the pelt, but some (14)C was found in all tissues. Respiratory tract, GI tract, liver, and kidney were tissues with the highest (14)C contents. The results indicate the 2,3-dichloropropene metabolism and excretion rates are relatively constant throughout the vapor concn range studied.|Male Fischer 344 rats were exposed nose only to a vapor concentration of 250 nmol 2,3-(14)C- dichloropropene /liter air (7.5 ppm; 25 degrees C, 620 Torr) for 6 hr. Blood samples were taken during exposure, and urine, feces, expired air, and tissues were collected for up to 65 hr after exposure. Urinary excretion was the major route of elimination of (14)carbon (55% of estimated absorbed 2,3-dichloropropene). Half-time for elimination of (14)C in urine was 9.8 + or - 0.05 hr (mean + or - SE). Half-time for elimination of (14)C feces (17% of absorbed 2,3-dichloropropene) was 12.9 + or - 0.14 hr (means + or - SE). Approximately 1 and 3% of the estimated absorbed 2,3-(14)C-dichloropropene were exhaled as either 2,3-(14)C-dichloropropene or (14)CO2, respectively. Concentrations (14)CO2 in blood increased during 240 min of exposure, after which no further increases in blood concentration of (14)CO2 dioxide was widely distributed in tissues analyzed after a 6 hr exposure of rats to 2,3-(14)C dichloropropene. Urinary bladder (150 nmol/g nasal turbinates (125 nmol/g), kidneys (84 nmol/g), small intestines (61 nmol/g), and liver (35 nmol/g) were tissues with the highest concentrations of (14)carbon immediately after exposure. Over 90% of the (14)C in tissues analyzed was 2,3-dichloropropene metabolites. Half-times for elimination of (14)C from tissues examined ranged from 3 to 11 hr.

An increase in concentration of rat liver homogenate fraction (S9) in the metabolizing system (S9 mix) enhances mutagenicity for 1,3-dichloropropene and 2,3-dichloro-1-propene. According to the effects of the enzyme inhibitors SKF525, 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-oxide and cyanamide, the allylic chloropropenes fall into 3 groups distinguished by their mode of metabolic activation by S9 mix. 1,3-Dichloropropene is hydrolysed to the corresponding allylic alcohol which can be oxidized to the respective acroleins (hydrolytic oxidative pathway). Structural parameters like chloro substitution of the central C atom of the substituted induced polarisation of the C as cis/trans isomerism might be responsible for different substrate properties for the enzymes involved in allylic chloropropene metabolism, thus determining different degrees of activation by either one or both pathways.|According to the effects of inhibitors of the enzymes of S9 mix 1,1,1-trichloropropene-2,3-dioxide and guanamide the allylic chloropropenes fall into groups distinguished by their mode of metabolic activation by S9 mix: 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is epoxidized at the C:C double bond, giving rise to reactive epoxides (epoxidative pathway).|Allylic compounds exert direct genotoxic activities which depend on the chemical nature of the leaving group and on further substituents. Besides the direct genotoxic effects, metabolic activation mechanisms are also conceivable. Epoxidation seems to play a minor role in bioactivation, whereas the metabolic formation of strongly mutagenic alpha, beta-unsaturated carbonyl compounds is obviously of great importance for the indirect genotoxicity of allylic compounds. Only in the case of 2,3-dichloro-1-propene is an epoxide formed which is extremely unstable and immediately rearranges to the strong mutagen, 1,3-dichloroacetone.

INHALATION: Vapors are poisonous, painful and irritating. Headache and dizziness may occur. Overexposure may cause liver and kidney damage and even death. EYES: Irritation and lacrimation. May cause transient corneal injury. SKIN: Slight irritation, readily absorbed in toxic amounts causing headache and dizziness and other systematic symptoms. INGESTION: Acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion and edema. CNS Depression. (USCG, 1999)

EYES: First check the victim for contact lenses and remove if present. Flush victim's eyes with water or normal saline solution for 20 to 30 minutes while simultaneously calling a hospital or poison control center. Do not put any ointments, oils, or medication in the victim's eyes without specific instructions from a physician. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim after flushing eyes to a hospital even if no symptoms (such as redness or irritation) develop. SKIN: IMMEDIATELY flood affected skin with water while removing and isolating all contaminated clothing. Gently wash all affected skin areas thoroughly with soap and water. If symptoms such as redness or irritation develop, IMMEDIATELY call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital for treatment. INHALATION: IMMEDIATELY leave the contaminated area; take deep breaths of fresh air. If symptoms (such as wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, or burning in the mouth, throat, or chest) develop, call a physician and be prepared to transport the victim to a hospital. Provide proper respiratory protection to rescuers entering an unknown atmosphere. Whenever possible, Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) should be used; if not available, use a level of protection greater than or equal to that advised under Protective Clothing. INGESTION: DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. Volatile chemicals have a high risk of being aspirated into the victim's lungs during vomiting which increases the medical problems. If the victim is conscious and not convulsing, give 1 or 2 glasses of water to dilute the chemical and IMMEDIATELY call a hospital or poison control center. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. If the victim is convulsing or unconscious, do not give anything by mouth, ensure that the victim's airway is open and lay the victim on his/her side with the head lower than the body. DO NOT INDUCE VOMITING. IMMEDIATELY transport the victim to a hospital. (NTP, 1992)

1. FLUSH contaminating fumigants from the skin and eyse with copious amounts of water or saline for at least 15 minutes. Some fumigants are corrosive to the cornea and may cause BLINDNESS. Specialized medical treatment should be obtained promptly following removal of toxicant by copious flushing with clean water. Skin contamination may cause BLISTERING and deep chemical burns. Absorption of some fumigants across the skin may be sufficient to cause systemic poisoning in the absence of fumigant inhalation. For all these reasons, decontamination of eyes and skin must must be IMMEDIATE and THROUGH. 2. REMOVE victims of fumigant inhalation to FRESH AIR immediately. Even though initial symptoms and signs are mild, keep the victim quiet, in a semi-reclining position. Minimum pohysical activity limits the likehood ofpulmonary edema. 3. If victim is not breathing, clear the airway of secretions and RESUSCITATE with positive poressure oxygen apparatus. If this is not available, use chest compression to sustain respiration. If victim is pulseless, employ cardiac resuscitation. 4. If PULMONARY EDEMA is evident, there are several measures avilable to sustain life. Medical judgement must be relied upon, however, in the management of each case. The following procedures are generally recommended: A. Put the victim in a SITTING position with a backrest. B. Use intermittent and/or continuous positive pressure OXYGEN to relieve hypoxemia. ... C. Slowly administer FUROSEMIDE, 40 mg, or SODIUM ETHACRYNATE, 50 mg, to reduce venous load by inducing diuresis. ... D. Morphine in small doses (5-10 mg), slowly, iv to allay anxiety and promote deeper respiratory excursions. E. Administer AMINOPHYLLINE (0.25-0.50 gm) slowly, iv. ... F. Digitalization may be considered, but there is a serious risk of arrhythmias in an anoxic and toxic myocardium. G. TRACHEOSTOMY may be necessary in some cases to facilitate aspiration of large amounts of pulmonary edema fluid. H. Epinephrine, atorpine, and expectorants are generally not helpful, and may complicate treatment. I. Watch for RECURRENT PULMONARY EDEMA, even up to 2 weeks after the initial episode. Limit victim's physical activity for at least 4 weeks. Severe physical weakness usually indicates persistent pulmonary injury. Serial pulmonary function testing may be useful in assessing recovery. 5. Combat SHOCK by placing victim in the Trendelenburg position and administering plasma, whole blood, and/or electrolyte and glucose solutions intravenously, with great care, to avoid pulmonary edema. Central venous pressure should be monitored continously. Vasopressor amines must be given with great caution, because of the irritability of the myocardium. 6. Control CONVULSIONS. Seizures are most likely to occur in poisonings by methyl bromide, hydrogen cyanide, acrylonitrile, phosphine, and carbon disulfide. ... /Fumigant poisoning/|7. If a FUMIGANT LIQUID OR SOLID has been INGESTED less than several hours prior to treatment, quantities remaining in the stomach must be removed as effectively as possible by gastric intubation, aspiration, and lavage, after all possible precautions have been taken to protect the respiratory tract from aspirated gasric contents. A. Put in place a cuffed ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE prior to gastric intubation. Administer OXYGEN, using a mechanical ventilator if respiration is depressed. B. Lavage the stomach with a slurry of ACTIVATED CHARCOAL in saline or water. Leave a volume of the slurry in the stomach with an appropriate dose of sorbitol as cathartic ... . C. If treatment is delayed and if the patient remains fully alert, adminsiter activated charcoal and sorbitol orally. ... Repeated administration of charcoal at half or more the initial dosage every 2-4 hours may be beneficial. D. Do not given vegetable or animal fats or oils, which enhance gastrointestinal absorption of many of the fumigant compounds. 8. Intravenous infusions of GLUCOSE are valuable in limiting the heptotoxicity of many substances. Monitor central venous presure to avoid precipitating, or aggravating, pulmonary edema by fluid overlaod. The victim should be watched closely for indications of delayed or recurrent pulmonary edema, and for bronchophenumonia. Fluid balance should be monitored, and urine sediment should be checked regularly for indications of tubular injury. Measure serum alkaline phosphatase, LDH, ALT, AST, and bilirubin to assess liver injury. 9. HEMOPERFUSION OVER ACTIVATED CHARCOAL has been used in managing a case of carbon tetrachloride poisoning with apparent success. ... 10. EXTRACORPOREAL HEMODIALYSIS may be needed to regulate extracellular fluid composition if renal failure supervenes. It is probably not very effective in removing lipophilic fumigant compounds from blood, but is, of course, effective in controlling extracellular fluid composition if renal failure occurs. /Fumigant poisoning/|Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway. Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with normal saline during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 ml/kg up to 200 ml of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/|Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious or in severe respiratory distress. Positive pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start an IV D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Dichloropropane, dichloropropene, and related compounds/|Stabilization: Treatment is largely supportive. Watch for respiratory depression & arrhythmias. Obtain arterial blood gases. Administer oxygen if there is evidence of altered mental status or dyspnea. Treat hypotension with volume expansion & vasopression. Use lidocaine or beta-blockers for ventricular arrhythmias. Skin: Remove contaminated clothing. Wash affected area with soap & copious amounts or water. Eye: Irrigate the eye for 15-20 min. Obtain a consultation if symptoms persist. Oral: Most of the halogenated solvents ingested in quantities of 1-2 swallows may be partially removed by ipecac-induced emesis if admin within a few hr to a patient who has not lost the gag reflex, is not seizing, is not markedly lethargic, or is not in coma. Observe the patient in the upright position to lessen the possibility of aspiration. Activated charcoal is probably ineffective. Inhalation: Move from the contaminated area. Provide a source of oxygen & prepare for mechanical ventilation. If the patient is unconscious & the pulse is absent, initiate CPR measures. Enhancement of Elimination: Maintain good ventilation. Hemodialysis or hemoperfusion are not likely to be useful because of the high lipophilic properties of these solvents. Antidote: N-acetylcysteine may restore depleted glutathione stores, but no adequate clinical studies are available to validate this possible treatment. Supportive Care: Watch for cardiac dysrhythmias, aspiration pneumonitis, hepatotoxicity, & hypoxic encephalopathy. Monitor for arrhythmia for at least 24 hr & for hepatorenal failure for about 3 days. Obtain a chest x-ray, arterial blood gas, EKG, serum creatinine, & hepatic aminotransferase. Check electrolyte imbalance daily. Treat renal failure with dialysis & hepatic failure with fresh frozen plasma, vitamin K, a low-protein diet, neomycin, & lactulose. Watch fluid & electrolyte balance. /Halogenated hydrocarbons/

Intense irritation of eyes, skin, & resp mucosa. /Dichloropropene/|Symptomatology: 1A) Inhalation, high vapor concn: gasping, refusal to breathe, coughing, substernal pain, & extreme respiratory distress at vapor concn over 1500 ppm. Irritation of eyes & upper respiratory mucosa appears promptly after exposure to concentrated vapors. Lacrimation & headache are prominent. Coma may occur rapidly. B) Inhalation, low vapor concn: central nervous depression & moderate irritation of respiratory system. Headache is frequent. 2) Dermal: severe skin irritation with marked inflammatory response of epidermis & underlying tissues. 3) Oral: acute gastrointestinal distress with pulmonary congestion & edema. Central nervous depression, perhaps even in the absence of impaired oxygen uptake. 4) By any route, possible late injuries to liver, kidneys & heart. 5) After inhalation exposures, malaise, headache, chest & abdominal discomfort & irritability have been reported to persist for several weeks & perhaps for several years.

2,3-DCP

2,3-Dichloro-1-propene is a minor component (5%) of the commercial prepn Telone.

Pesticide, fertilizer, and other agricultural chemical manufacturing|1-Propene, 2,3-dichloro-: ACTIVE|Telone, a soil fumigant, was analyzed for impurities; 2,3-dichloropropene concns were found to range from < 0.1-0.72% by weight.|1,3-Dichloropropene that is used for fumigation has been reported to be contaminated with 2,3-dichloropropene at a percentage of up to 6.5%. At application rates of the fumigant mixture ranging from 200-400 kg/ha, this may mean an input of 10-25 kg of 2,3-dichloropropene per hectare of land.

EPA Method 8240. Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry for the determination of volatile organics. This method can be used to quantify most volatile organic compounds including trans-1,3-dichloropropene that have boiling points below 200 °C and are insoluble or slightly soluble in water. The detection limit is not given. The Practical Quantitation Limit for trans-1,3-dichloropropene 5 ug/l in ground water and 5 ug/kg in low soil/sediment. Precision and method accuracy were found to be directly related to the concentration of the analyte and essentially independent of the sample matrix. /trans-1,3-Dichloropropene/

Fire Hazards -> Flammable - 3rd degree