(+)-Pantothenic acid

219.23

219.24

205-278-9

19F5HK2737

DTXSID9023417

C47783

Yellow viscous oil|Viscous oil|Viscous hygroscopic liquid

106.86000

-0.35

Solid

1.266

<25 °C

490.2±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg

250.3±31.5 °C

1.510

1000.0 mg/mL

5.14X10-9 mm Hg at 25 deg C (est)

LD50 intraperitoneal in mouse: 1443mg/kg

D25 +37.5°

Henry's Law constant = 4.3X10-15 atm-cu m/mol at 25 °C (est)

148.1 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with Agilent tune mix (Agilent)]|150.17 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: stepped-field]|155.27 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: stepped-field]|149.87 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT, Method: stepped-field]|145 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: TW, Method: calibrated with polyalanine]|129.9 Ų [M+H]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with ESI Low Concentration Tuning Mix (Agilent)]|150.8 Ų [M+Na]+ [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with ESI Low Concentration Tuning Mix (Agilent)]|146.6 Ų [M-H]- [CCS Type: DT, Method: single field calibrated with ESI Low Concentration Tuning Mix (Agilent)]|146.6 Ų [M-H]-

1 G EQUALS 70,000-75,000 CHICK UNITS|Extremely hygroscopic|Hydroxyl radical reaction rate constant = 2.25X10-11 cu cm/molec-sec at 25 °C (est)

Pantothenoic acid occurs as an unstable, hygroscopic, viscous oil which is freely soluble in water.

SRP: Expired or waste pharmaceuticals shall carefully take into consideration applicable DEA, EPA, and FDA regulations. It is not appropriate to dispose by flushing the pharmaceutical down the toilet or discarding to trash. If possible return the pharmaceutical to the manufacturer for proper disposal being careful to properly label and securely package the material. Alternatively, the waste pharmaceutical shall be labeled, securely packaged and transported by a state licensed medical waste contractor to dispose by burial in a licensed hazardous or toxic waste landfill or incinerator.|SRP: At the time of review, regulatory criteria for small quantity disposal are subject to significant revision, however, household quantities of waste pharmaceuticals may be managed as follows: Mix with wet cat litter or coffee grounds, double bag in plastic, discard in trash.|SRP: Criteria for land treatment or burial (sanitary landfill) disposal practices are subject to significant revision. Prior to implementing land disposal of waste residue (including waste sludge), consult with environmental regulatory agencies for guidance on acceptable disposal practices.

Calcium pantothenate, calcium chloride double salt is a food additive permitted for direct addition to food for human consumption, as long as 1) the quantity of the substance added to food does not exceed the amount reasonably required to accomplish its intended physical, nutritive, or other technical effect in food, and 2) any substance intended for use in or on food is of appropriate food grade and is prepared and handled as a food ingredient. /Calcium pantothenate, calcium chloride double salt/|Substance added directly to human food affirmed as generally recognized as safe (GRAS). /Calcium pantothenate/|Drug products containing certain active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for certain uses. A number of active ingredients have been present in OTC drug products for various uses, as described below. However, based on evidence currently available, there are inadequate data to establish general recognition of the safety and effectiveness of these ingredients for the specified uses: pantothenic acid is included in weight control drug products.|Sodium pantothenate used as a nutrient and/or dietary supplement in animal drugs, feeds, and related products is generally recognized as safe when used in accordance with good manufacturing or feeding practice. /Sodium pantothenate/

NAS, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine; Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C. (1998).[Available from, as of March 2, 2010: http://www.nap.edu/catalog/6015.html]

No Tolerable Upper Level Intake (UL) has been established for the vitamin.

Although the clinical importance has not been established, the miotic effects of anticholinesterase ophthalmic preparations (eg, echothiophate iodide (no longer commercially available in the US), isoflurophate) reportedly may be potentiated by pantothenic acid.|The hypolipidemic effects of pantothenic acid derivatives (phosphopantothenate, panthenol and pantethine) were studied in mice with hypothalamic obesity ... induced by single injection of aurothioglucose (300 mg/kg body wt, ip). All the tested substances were administered during the last 10 days before decapitation (im, of dosage equivalent to 150 mg/kg body wt of phosphopantothenate). The studied substances inhibited the weight gain of the animals with hypothalamic obesity over the last 10 days of the experiment. The treatment with aurothioglucose increased food intake and mean body weight, blood glucose level; insulin, serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, the sum of LDL + VLDL and LDL-cholesterol concentration; triglyceride and cholesterol fractions in the liver; triglyceride and FFA content as well as lipoprotein lipase activity in adipose tissue of experimental mice. The administration of the assay compounds lowered food intake and mean body weight, insulin and glucose levels and decreased the content of triglycerides, total cholesterol and cholesterol esters in serum and adipose tissue as well as raised the activity of lipoprotein lipase in adipose tissue and serum lipolytic activity in obese mice. Among the compounds studied the reverse effect of panthenol was especially pronounced. The mechanism of hypolipidemic effects of pantothenic acid derivatives can be related to the reduced resistance to insulin and activation of lipolysis in serum and adipose tissue. /Panthenol, Phosphopantothenate, Pantethine/|A combination of 1.2 g of calcium pantothenate, 0.6 g of pyridoxine, 3 g of niacinamide, and 3 g of ascorbic acid taken daily for 6 weeks was associated with elevations in serum transaminase levels in children. One of these doses or the combination may therefore cause hepatotoxicity, but it is not possible from this study alone to ascribe to pantothenic acid the reported adverse effect in liver function.|... Pregnant CD-1 mice were administered a teratogenic dose of valproic acid (VPA) prior to neural tube closure and embryonic protein levels were analyzed. ... VPA (400 mg/kg)-induced NTDs (24%) and VPA-exposed embryos with a neural tube defect (NTD) showed a 2-fold increase in p53, and 4-fold decreases in NF-kappaB, Pim-1, and c-Myb protein levels compared to their phenotypically normal littermates (P<0.05). Additionally, VPA increased the ratio of embryonic Bax/Bcl-2 protein levels (P<0.05). Pretreatment of pregnant dams with either folic acid or pantothenic acid prior to VPA significantly protected against VPA-induced NTDs (P<0.05). Folic acid also reduced VPA-induced alterations in p53, NF-kappaB, Pim-1, c-Myb, and Bax/Bcl-2 protein levels, while pantothenic acid prevented VPA-induced alterations in NF-kappaB, Pim-1, and c-Myb...|For more Interactions (Complete) data for D-Pantothenic Acid (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

LD50 Rat sc 3500 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse ip 1443 mg/kg|LD50 Mouse sc 2500 mg/kg

Occurs everywhere in animal and plant tissue. The richest common source is liver, but jelly of the queen bee contains 6 times as much as liver. Rice bran and molasses are other good sources.|Liver, kidney, yeast, crude molasses, milk, whole-grain cereals, rice|Human milk contains about 2 mg/L; cow's milk, about 3.5 mg/L. Liver and other organ meats and eggs are particularly good sources. Broccoli, cauliflower, white and sweet potatoes, tomatoes and molasses are quite high in pantothenic acid. Muscle tissue of beef, pork, lamb, and chicken are also good sources.

Dietary source of d-pantothenic acid include yeast, chicken, beef, potatoes, oat cereal, vegetables, legumes, and whole grain(1).

Pantothenic acid is excreted in human breast milk with concentration directly proportional to intake. With a dietary intake of 8-15 mg/day, mean milk concentration avg 1.93-2.35 mg/mL. In a group of mothers who had delivered premature babies (26-34 weeks gestational age), pantothenic acid milk levels were significantly > a comparable group with term babies (39-41 weeks). Milk levels in the preterm group avg 3.91 mg/mL up to 40 weeks gestational age and then fell to 3.16 mg/mL. For the term group levels at 2 and 12 weeks postpartum were 2.57 and 2.55 mg/mL, respectively. A 1983 English study measured pantothenic acid levels in pooled human milk obtained from preterm (26 mothers - 29-34 weeks) and term (35 mothers - 39 weeks or longer) patients. Preterm mild rose from 1.29 mg/mL (colostrum) to 2.27 mg/mL (16-196 days), while term milk increased over the same period from 1.26 to 2.61 mg/mL.

NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 4,854 workers (52 of these were female) were potentially exposed to d-pantothenic acid in the US(1).|NIOSH (NOES Survey 1981-1983) has statistically estimated that 197 workers (52 of these were female) were potentially exposed to sodium pantothenate in the US(1). /Sodium pantothenate/

The total amount of d-pantothenic acid present in whole blood is estimated to be 1 mg/L in healthy human adults. The liver, adrenal glands, kidneys, brain, and testes contain high concentrations of d-pantothenic acid(1).

Studied for the treatment of many uses such as treatment of testicular torsion, diabetic ulceration, wound healing, acne, obesity, diabetic peripheral polyneuropathy. It has also been investigated for its hypolipidemic effects and as cholesterol lowering agent.

Vitamin B refers to several water soluble vitamins often found together in foods, all of which are necessary for normal growth and metabolism, but none of which are synthesized in adequate amounts by humans. The common forms of vitamin B include vitamin B1 (thiamine), B2 (riboflavin), B3 (niacin), B6 (pyridoxine) and B12 (cyanocobalamin). Except for niacin (when given in high doses), there is no evidence that the other B vitamins, in physiologic or even super-physiologic high doses cause liver injury or jaundice. The major forms of vitamin B and selected other water soluble vitamins (biotin, pantothenic acid, choline) are discussed briefly in this record.

Vitamins

A butyryl-beta-alanine that can also be viewed as pantoic acid complexed with BETA ALANINE. It is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.|Pantothenic acid is not generally accepted as having any therapeutic use, but it has been prescribed for streptomycin neurotoxicity, salicylate toxicity, gray hair, alopecia, catarrhal respiratory disorders, osteoarthritis, diabetic neuropathy, psychiatric states, and to ameliorate untoward symptoms during thyroid therapy in patients with congenital hypothyroidism (cretinism).|Pantothenic acid has been used for a wide range of disorders such as acne, alopecia, allergies, burning feet, asthma, grey hair, dandruff, cholesterol lowering, improving exercise performance, depression, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, stress, shingles, ageing and Parkinson's disease. It has been investigated in clinical trials for arthritis, cholesterol lowering and exercise performance.[Mason P; Dietary Supplements,|Pantothenic acid deficiency has rarely been identified in humans except in conjunction with deficiency of other B complex vitamins. Diagnosis of pantothenic acid deficiency is aided by a serum pantothenate concentration of less than 50 mcg/mL. Whenever possible, poor dietary habits should be corrected, and some clinicians recommend administration of multivitamin preparations containing pantothenic acid in patients with vitamin deficiencies since poor dietary habits may result in concurrent deficiencies.|For more Therapeutic Uses (Complete) data for D-Pantothenic Acid (10 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

...This vitamin should not be used alone ... /and/ since no data are available on the effects of topical preparations, these should not be used.|A 76-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain and dyspnea related to pleurisy and a pericardial tamponade. This patient had no history of allergy and had been taking vitamins B5 and H for two months. ... After withdrawal of the vitamins, the patient recovered and the eosinophilia disappeared. ... This case suggests that vitamins B5 and H may cause symptomatic, life-threatening, eosinophilic pleuropericarditis. Physicians prescribing these commonly used vitamins should be aware of this potential adverse reaction.|A report of life-threatening eosinophilic pleuropericarditis associated with the use of biotin and panthothenic acid. Symptoms resolved on stopping the vitamins.|... Three patients (two are brothers) with confirmed Barth syndrome /were/ treated with pantothenic acid. This treatment is still controversial and only one study has reported positive results to date. In /the three/ patients, long-term treatment has failed to reduce the number of infectious episodes and prevent dilated cardiomyopathy...

Pantothenic acid is used in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA). CoA is thought to act as a carrier molecule, allowing the entry of acyl groups into cells. This is of critical importance as these acyl groups are used as substrates in the tricarboxylic acid cycle to generate energy and in the synthesis of fatty acids, cholesterol, and acetylcholine. Additionally, CoA is part of acyl carrier protein (ACP), which is required in the synthesis of fatty acids in addition to CoAs use as a substrate. Pantothenic acid in the form of CoA is also required for acylation and acetylation, which, for example, are involved in signal transduction and enzyme activation and deactivation, respectively. Since pantothenic acid participates in a wide array of key biological roles, it may have numerous wide-ranging effects.

A group of water-soluble vitamins, some of which are COENZYMES. (See all compounds classified as Vitamin B Complex.)

Dietary pantothenic acid is primarily in the form of CoA or ACP and must be converted into free pantothenic acid for absorption. CoA and ACP are hydrolyzed into 4'-phosphopantetheine which is then dephosphorylated into pantetheine and subsequently hydrolyzed again to free pantothenic acid by Pantetheinase in the intestinal lumen. Free pantothenic acid is absorbed into intestinal cells via a saturable, sodium-dependent active transport system with passive diffusion acting as a secondary pathway. As intake increases up to 10-fold absorption rate can decrease to as low as 10% due to transporter saturation.|Pantothenic acid is absorbed in the small intestine by active transport at low concentrations of the vitamin and by passive transport at higher concentrations. Because the active transport system is saturable, absorption is less efficient at higher concentrations of intake. However, the exact intake levels at which absorption decreases in humans are not known. Pantothenic acid is excreted in the urine in amounts that are proportional with dietary intake over a wide range of intake values.|Pantothenic acid is readily absorbed from the GI tract. It is present in all tissues, in concentrations ranging from 2-45 ug/g. Pantothenic acid apparently is not destroyed in human body since intake and excretion ... are approximately equal. About 70% of unchanged pantothenic acid is excreted in urine and about 30% in feces.|Pantothenic acid is readily absorbed from the GI tract following oral administration. Normal serum pantothenate concentrations are 100 ug/mL or greater. /Pantothenic acid/ is widely distributed into body tissues, mainly as coenzyme A. Highest concentrations are found in the liver, adrenal glands, heart, and kidneys. Milk of nursing mothers receiving a normal diet contains about 2 ug of pantothenic acid per mL. About 70% of an oral dose of pantothenic acid is excreted unchanged in urine and about 30% in feces.|... /N/ewborn pantothenic acid levels are significantly greater than maternal levels. At term, mean pantothenate levels in 174 mothers were 430 ng/mL (range 250-710) and in their newborns 780 ng/mL (range 400-1480). Placental transfer of pantothenate to the fetus is by active transport, but it is slower than transfer of other B complex vitamins. In one report, low-birth-weight infants had significantly lower levels of pantothenic acid than did normal weight infants.|For more Absorption, Distribution and Excretion (Complete) data for D-Pantothenic Acid (20 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

The synthesis of Coenzyme A (CoA) from pantothenate is regulated primarily by pantothenate kinase, an enzyme that is inhibited by the pathway end products, CoA and acyl CoA.|/P/antothenic acid is required for intermediary metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Pantothenic acid is a precursor of coenzyme A which is required for acetylation (acyl group activation) reactions in gluconeogenesis, in the release of energy from carbohydrates, the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids, and the synthesis of sterols and steroid hormones, porphyrins, acetylcholine, and other compounds.|Absorption Coenzyme A (CoA). CoA in the diet is hydrolyzed in the intestinal lumen to dephospho CoA, phosphopantetheine, and pantetheine, with the pantetheine subsequently hydrolyzed to pantothenic acid. Pantothenic acid was the only one of these pantothenate-containing compounds absorbed by rats in studies on absorption of the various forms. Absorption is by active transport at low concentrations of the vitamin and by passive transport at higher concentrations in animal models. Because the active transport system is saturable, absorption will be less efficient at higher concentrations of intake, but the intake levels at which absorptive efficiency decreases in humans are not known.|Intestinal microflora have been observed to synthesize pantothenic acid in mice, but the contribution of bacterial synthesis to body pantothenic acid levels or fecal losses in humans has not been quantified. If microbial synthesis is substantial, balance studies in humans may have underestimated pantothenic acid absorption and requirements.|Coenzyme A (CoA) is hydrolyzed to pantothenate in a multiple-step reaction. The pantothenic acid is excreted intact in urine, ... . The amount excreted varies proportionally with dietary intake over a discrete yet wide range of intake values.

Pantothenic acid is incorporated into COENZYME A and protects cells against peroxidative damage by increasing the level of GLUTATHIONE.|... To test the functional effect of pantothenate on dermal fibroblasts, cells were cultured and in vitro proliferation tests were performed using a standardized scratch test procedure. For all three donors analyzed, a strong stimulatory effect of pantothenate at a concentration of 20 ug/mL on the proliferation of cultivated dermal fibroblasts was observed. To study the molecular mechanisms resulting in the proliferative effect of pantothenate, gene expression was analyzed in dermal fibroblasts cultivated with 20 ug/mL of pantothenate compared with untreated cells using the GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. A number of significantly regulated genes were identified including genes coding for interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, Id1, HMOX-1, HspB7, CYP1B1 and MARCH-II. Regulation of these genes was subsequently verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis. Induction of HMOX-1 expression by pantothenol and pantothenic acid in dermal cells was confirmed on the protein level using immunoblots. Functional studies revealed the enhanced suppression of free radical formation in skin fibroblasts cultured with panthenol. In conclusion, these studies provided new insight in the molecular mechanisms linked to the stimulatory effect of pantothenate and panthenol on the proliferation of dermal fibroblasts. /Calcium pantotenate/|Coenzyme A (CoA) is the major acyl group carrier in intermediary metabolism. Hopantenate (HoPan), a competitive inhibitor of the pantothenate kinases, was used to chemically antagonize CoA biosynthesis. HoPan dramatically reduced liver CoA and mice developed severe hypoglycemia. Insulin was reduced, glucagon and corticosterone were elevated, and fasting accelerated hypoglycemia. Metabolic profiling revealed a large increase in acylcarnitines, illustrating the role of carnitine in buffering acyl groups to maintain the nonesterified CoASH level. HoPan triggered significant changes in hepatic gene expression that substantially increased the thioesterases, which liberate CoASH from acyl-CoA, and increased pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1, which prevents the conversion of CoASH to acetyl-CoA. These results identify the metabolic rearrangements that maintain the CoASH pool which is critical to mitochondrial functions, including gluconeogenesis, fatty acid oxidation, and the tricarboxylic acid and urea cycles.

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR if necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on the left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if needed. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Anticipate seizures and treat if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool ... . Cover skin burns with dry sterile dressings after decontamination ... . /Poisons A and B/|/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Consider administering a beta agonist such as albuterol for severe bronchospasm ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias as necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Watch for signs of fluid overload ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Poisons A and B/

/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ Whether high-dose oral contraceptive agents affected pantothenic acid metabolism /was investigated/ in 13 women between the ages of 19 and 24 years enrolled in a 12-day confined study. At the end of the study, blood levels and urinary pantothenic acid excretion were similar in the subjects and controls. The investigators concluded that high-dose oral contraceptive agents do not cause significant changes in the biochemical parameters of pantothenic acid.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The aim of this study was to determine the association between dietary intake, determined using a food frequency questionnaire, and genome damage in lymphocytes measured using the micronucleus (MN) assay. The study, performed on 190 healthy individuals (mean age 47.8 years, 46% males), also examined whether a supplementation with beta-carotene, vitamins C and E along with zinc (ACEZn), in a randomized trial for 6 months, improves genome stability. Multivariate analysis of baseline data showed that (1) the highest tertile of intake of vitamin E, retinol, folic acid, nicotinic acid (preformed) and calcium is associated with significant reductions in MN frequency, i.e. -28, -31, -33, -46 and -49%, respectively (P < 0.005) relative to the lowest tertile of intake and (2) the highest tertile of intake of riboflavin, pantothenic acid and biotin was associated with significant increases in MN frequency, ie +36% (P = 0.054), +51% (P = 0.021), and +65% (P = 0.001), respectively, relative to the lowest tertile of intake. Mid-tertile beta-carotene intake was associated with an 18% reduction in MN frequency (P = 0.038); however, the highest tertile of intake (>6400 ug/day) resulted in an 18% increment in MN frequency. Supplementation with ACEZn significantly reduced the MN index by 13% (P = 0.038). The study also showed interactive additive effects such as the protective effect of increased calcium intake (-46%) and the exacerbating effect of riboflavin (+42%) on increased genome damage caused by low folate intake. The results from this study illustrate the strong impact of a wide variety of micronutrients and their interactions on genome health, depending on the level of intake.|/HUMAN EXPOSURE STUDIES/ The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and performance responses to supplementation with allithiamin and pantethine. On two separate occasions, six highly trained cyclists [maximum O2 consumption or VO2max 61.8 (2.1) mL/kg/min] performed a 50-km steady-state ride on a cycle ergometer at a workload corresponding to approximately 60% of VO2max followed by a 2000-m time trial. For 7 days prior to each ride, subjects daily ingested either a placebo (PL) or a combination of 1 g of allithiamin and 1.8 g of a 55%/45% pantethine/pantothenic acid compound (AP). Treatments were administered using a randomized, double-blind, counter-balanced design. During the 50 km ride, measures of heart rate, respiratory gas exchange and ratings of perceived exertion were recorded at 5, 15, 25, 35 and 45 km. Blood samples were collected at 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 km and analyzed for lactate, glucose and free fatty acids. Blood samples for the analysis of lactate were also collected 3 and 5 min after the completion of the 2000-m time trial. There were no significant differences in any of the measured parameters between experimental conditions. Time to complete the 2000-m time trial was also not significantly different between experimental conditions [PL 178.2 (8.4), AP 170.7 (10.2) s; P=0.58]. These results suggest that, despite the reported enhanced absorption properties, supplementation with allithiamin and pantethine does not alter exercise metabolism or exercise performance.|/CASE REPORTS/ ... A 76-year-old white woman was admitted to the hospital because of chest pain and dyspnea related to pleurisy and a pericardial tamponade. This patient had no history of allergy and had been taking vitamin B5 and vitamin H for two months. Blood tests performed showed an inflammatory syndrome and a high eosinophil concentration (1200-1500 cells/cu mm). Pleurocentesis and pericardiotomy yielded a sterile exudative fluid with an eosinophilic infiltrate. There were no nuclear antibodies and no rheumatic factor; screenings for viruses, parasites, bacteria, and malignant tumor were negative. A myelogram, biopsy of the iliac crest bone, and concentration of immunoglobulin E were also normal. After withdrawal of the vitamins, the patient recovered and the eosinophilia disappeared. ... This case suggests that vitamin B5 and vitamin H may cause symptomatic, life-threatening, eosinophilic pleuropericarditis. Physicians prescribing these commonly used vitamins should be aware of this potential adverse reaction.|For more Human Toxicity Excerpts (Complete) data for D-Pantothenic Acid (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

B 5, Vitamin

Dexpanthenol (injection): solution 250 mg/mL in 2 and 10 mL containers; pantothenic acid (oral): tablets 50, 100, and 200 mg.|Oral: Tablets: 100 mg, 200 mg, 250 mg, 500 mg.(Available from one or more manufacturer, distributor, and/or repackager by generic (nonproprietary) name.)|Calcium pantothenate is available as tablets containing from 10 to 545 mg

Pantothenic acid is included in multiple vitamin preparations as the calcium or sodium salt or the alcohol, panthenol.|Pantothenic acid derivatives sold commercially are prepared by synthesis. May be prepared by the direct condensation of beta-alanine with the optically resolved form of the lactone of pantoic acid (2,4-dihydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid) which is prepared from isobutyraldehyde.|Panthenol is the most stable in liquid products, but is not recommended for use in foods ... D,L-calcium pantothenate-calcium chloride complex is less hygroscopic and has superior stability in multivitamin tablets ... Calcium pantothenate has good stability in dry mixes such as grain based complete protein foods.|Pantothenic acid appears to reduce the toxicity of number of drugs including antibiotics, and the pantothenate forms of aminoglycoside antibiotics have been made and used to reduce the parent drug's potential toxicity.|For more General Manufacturing Information (Complete) data for D-Pantothenic Acid (7 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

Method: AOAC 945.74; Procedure: turbidimetric and titrimetric methods; Analyte: pantothenic acid; Matrix: vitamin preparations; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: AOAC 992.07; Procedure: microbiological turbidimetric method; Analyte: pantothenic acid; Matrix: milk-based infant formula; Detection Limit: not provided.|Method: AOAC 960.46; Procedure: titrimetric and turbidimetric microbiological methods; Analyte: pantothenic acid; Matrix: foods; Detection Limit: not provided.|GAS LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF PANTOTHENATES AND PANTHENOL IS DESCRIBED.|For more Analytic Laboratory Methods (Complete) data for D-Pantothenic Acid (6 total), please visit the HSDB record page.

A stable isotope dilution assay for quantification of pantothenic acid in food and blood plasma uses a 4-fold labeled isotopomer of the vitamin as an internal standard. Pantothenic acid and its labeled analogue were detected as trimethylsilyl derivatives by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, showing a minimized spectral overlap. In starch a detection limit of 44 ug/kg, an intrasample relative standard deviation of 6.7%, and recovery values ranging between 97.5 and 99.4% were determined...|A reverse-phase liquid chromatographic method was adapted for the assay of pantothenic acid in infant milk formulas. Sample preparation consisted of deproteination with acetic acid and sodium acetate solutions, followed by centrifugation and filtration. The chromatographic system included a C-18 column and a mobile phase consisting of a sodium phosphate buffer and acetonitrile (97:3, vol/vol)...

EPA Safer Chemical Functional Use Classes -> Skin Conditioning Agents|Safer Chemical Classes -> Green half-circle - The chemical is expected to be of low concern|Human Drugs -> FDA Approved Drug Products with Therapeutic Equivalence Evaluations (Orange Book) -> Active Ingredients|Cosmetics -> Antistatic; Hair conditioning; Skin conditioning